Ssm-Population Health最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the impact of state paid sick leave laws on worker outcomes in the U.S. service sector, 2017–2023","authors":"Tyler Woods ,&nbsp;Daniel Schneider ,&nbsp;Kristen Harknett","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the absence of a federal paid sick leave (PSL) standard, numerous U.S. states have passed laws to provide workers access to such benefits. These laws may be especially beneficial for low-wage workers whose employers often do not voluntarily provide PSL. We draw on novel data from The Shift Project (N = 68,930), which surveyed U.S. service sector workers between 2017 and 2023, to examine the effects of state PSL laws on proximate worker outcomes (i.e., PSL coverage and presenteeism), downstream worker outcomes (e.g., health, well-being, and labor market outcomes), and firms' channels of adjustment (e.g., hourly wages, work schedules, other fringe benefits). We use stacked difference-in-differences models to estimate the effects of 11 state PSL laws on service sector workers, leveraging the time horizon and scope of our data to make comparisons between treatment and control states before and after the implementation of such laws. We find that state PSL laws increased hourly service sector workers’ access to PSL by 14 percentage points (p &lt; 0.001) and reduced the share of workers who worked while sick by 3 percentage points (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, we find little evidence that firms offset the costs of providing PSL by reducing other benefits for workers. This increase in PSL coverage among service sector workers and their reduced likelihood of working while sick could have significant positive implications for public health. But, we also show that PSL laws have little demonstrable effect on other downstream health, well-being, and labor market outcomes for covered workers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101830"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergence in the size and composition of the race gap in mental health: Evidence from South Africa","authors":"Dorrit Posel,&nbsp;Adeola Oyenubi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative studies of mental health in South Africa typically find that Black African adults report significantly more depressive symptoms than other adults on average. However, insufficient attention has been paid to differences among Black African adults, and to how the distribution of depressive symptoms compares between these adults and other adults. We augment existing research by investigating how the size and composition of the race gap in depression scores varies at different percentiles of the mental health distribution. We analyze national self-reported data on the frequency of depressive symptoms, and estimate recentred influence function decompositions of the unconditional race gap at each quantile of the distribution. The analysis identifies a race gap in depression scores that is twice as large at the lower tail of the mental health distribution than at the upper tail, signalling that Black African adults are particularly less likely than other adults to report no, or only a few, symptoms. At the lower tail, the race gap derives mostly from differences in the relationship between characteristics and mental health, while at higher percentiles, differences in the level of endowments, or stressors, are more important. At the upper tail, where depression scores are likely to correspond to major depressive episodes, the race gap narrows to zero. The size and composition of the average race gap in depression scores therefore masks considerable variation about the mean, which should be considered when policy is targeted to redress inequalities in mental health treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101829"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proactive Covid-19 response associated with better health and economic outcomes for OECD High-Income Island Countries","authors":"Jennifer A. Summers ,&nbsp;John Kerr ,&nbsp;Leah Grout ,&nbsp;Amanda Kvalsvig ,&nbsp;Michael G. Baker ,&nbsp;Nick Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined how the Covid-19 pandemic response and outcomes varied amongst the six island countries that were all in the high-income OECD grouping.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The OECD island countries were ranked according to key health and macroeconomic outcomes, and stringency of control measures compared with proactivity of pandemic response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The top ranked country for health outcomes was NZ with the lowest cumulative excess mortality rate to the end of 2023 (20 per 100,000 population), followed by Australia and Iceland (both 137), Japan (226), Ireland (229) and the UK (390). For combined macroeconomic outcomes (changes in GDP per capita growth [2019 to 2020; 2020 to 2021] and changes in unemployment levels [2020–2023]), the countries with the best rankings were Australia, NZ and Ireland. Median stringency was lowest for NZ, but highest for Australia. NZ had the highest average rank for proactivity of key control measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides additional evidence, for island nations, that an exclusion and elimination strategy can provide superior health/macroeconomic pandemic outcomes, compared with suppression/mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does change in area-level deprivation, change health outcomes? A latent class growth analysis of population data","authors":"Finola Ferry ,&nbsp;Ronald McDowell ,&nbsp;Michael Rosato ,&nbsp;Jamie Murphy ,&nbsp;Gerard Leavey","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While deprivation is consistently predictive of health, it is typically studied at one point in time in relation to health outcomes. Emerging research indicates that trajectories of social mobility may be a more powerful predictor of health than point-in<u>-</u>time analyses. This study seeks to identify distinct area-level deprivation trajectories within the Northern Ireland (NI) population over multiple time-points and their associations with all-cause mortality; receipt of psychotropic medication; and presentations to Accident and Emergency (A&amp;E) departments.</div><div>Based on linkage of NI GP registration, prescription, A&amp;E and mortality data from 2010 to 2021, we used latent class growth analysis to identify trajectories in area-level deprivation from 2010 to 2016. Adjusting for baseline socio-demographic characteristics, we estimated the relationship between trajectories and health outcomes between 2017 and 2021.</div><div>We identified three stable, two downwardly mobile and two upwardly mobile classes. Upward mobility was associated with reduced risk of poor health outcomes compared to the consistently deprived. Downward mobility was associated with higher risk of poor health outcomes compared to the consistently non-deprived. An approximate dose-response relationship was observed across classes, whereby lower ‘endpoint’ deprivation in 2016 was associated with lower risk of adverse outcomes. The exception was the ‘substantial upward mobility’ class, with risk of poor outcomes second highest despite improved deprivation rank in 2016.</div><div>The classes of social mobility identified potentially provide a template within which social mobility can be studied in future research, highlighting the importance of both point of origin and destination in the study of social mobility and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative neighborhood disadvantage and racial and geographic disparities in epigenetic aging","authors":"Wei Xu ,&nbsp;Christina Kamis ,&nbsp;Joseph Clark ,&nbsp;Amy Schultz ,&nbsp;Michal Engelman ,&nbsp;Kristen Malecki","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Living in a socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with worse health. However, the biological pathways underpinning this association remain unclear. Using 1388 adults from Researching Epigenetics, Weathering and Residential Disadvantage (REWARD), an ancillary study to the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW), we examined the contribution of cumulative neighborhood disadvantage across the life course to racial and geographic disparities in epigenetic markers of biological aging. Results showed that urban Black adults experienced faster epigenetic aging than urban, suburban, and rural White adults across three epigenetic aging clocks. Approximately 37 % (GrimAge), 70 % (DunedinPACE), and 100 % (PhenoAge) of the White-urban Black disparities in epigenetic age acceleration were explained by differential exposure to cumulative neighborhood disadvantage over the life course. Interactions testing differential susceptibility to neighborhood disadvantage by race were not significant. In summary, differential exposure to cumulative neighborhood disadvantage over the life course, rather than differential biological response to these exposures, shapes racial and geographic disparities in epigenetic aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101825"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of social isolation on mental health changes by socio-economic status: A moderated mediation analysis among non-migrant, migrant, and refugee subpopulations in Germany, 2016–2020","authors":"Victoria Touzel ,&nbsp;Doreen Reifegerste ,&nbsp;Kayvan Bozorgmehr ,&nbsp;Louise Biddle","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Populations experiencing precarity face heightened mental health inequities, especially during crises. In this regard, it is established that socio-economic status (SES) and social isolation are critical factors influencing mental health outcomes, which interact syndemically. Understanding their interrelated mechanisms is crucial for developing effective public health strategies to support populations experiencing precarity in future crises.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (2016–2020) were analysed in a longitudinal design. A moderated mediation analysis examined the effect of SES on mental health (PHQ4) prior to and during the pandemic, with social isolation change as mediator and migration status as moderator, distinguishing non-migrant (n = 3841), migrant (n = 766), and refugee (n = 331) subpopulations. The model was adjusted using month of interview, baseline PHQ-4 scores, age, gender, and baseline social isolation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High SES was linked to smaller mental health declines compared to low SES (β = −0.635, 95 % CI: −0.822, −0.447). This effect was partially mediated by change in social isolation (−0.049, 95 % CI: −0.082, −0.015). The mediation effect was weaker in non-migrant (−0.030, 95 % CI: −0.066, 0.005) and non-significant in migrant subpopulations (−0.062, 95 % CI: −0.157, 0.034). For refugees, SES effects were non-significant, with baseline and changes in social isolation playing a more critical role.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>SES and social isolation critically influenced mental health changes, with substantial variability across subpopulations. Targeted interventions addressing SES inequities and fostering social connections are essential for mitigating mental health disparities, particularly among low SES groups, migrants, and refugees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family availability and memory function and decline among adults aged ≥51 in England and the United States, 2004–2019","authors":"Tsai-Chin Cho ,&nbsp;Xuexin Yu ,&nbsp;Lindsay C. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We investigated whether spousal and child availability may jointly impact memory aging among middle-aged and older adults, and if their joint impact varies between the US and England, two high-income countries with dissimilar social safety nets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the associations of joint family availability with subsequent memory function and decline among adults aged ≥51 in the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS; n = 4612) and English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA; n = 3502) from 2004 to 2019. Joint family availability was assessed on a 6-point index incorporating the presence and disability status of a spouse, any coresident child, and any child with frequent social contact. Memory was assessed biennially using a harmonized 20-point word recall scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A moderate level of joint family availability (vs. no spouse or children) was associated with better memory function in both countries. Yet, it was associated with faster memory decline in the US, but not in England (e.g., 4-point family availability score in the US: β = −0.18; 95 % CI: −0.31, −0.06; P-value for the cross-national difference: 0.01). No dose-response relationship was observed for either outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Among aging US adults, joint spousal and child availability may support better later-life memory function, yet faster memory decline, consistent with a cognitive reserve mechanism. The lack of dose-response relationships suggests diminishing returns with increasing levels of family availability beyond the presence of a spouse or child. Cross-national heterogeneity in these associations between the US and England may imply effect modification by social safety net contexts, although further investigation is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social participation trajectories in late life and cognitive functioning – A sequence analysis based on Taiwan Longitudinal Study on aging","authors":"Yu-Tien Hsu ,&nbsp;Hanno Hoven ,&nbsp;Francine Grodstein ,&nbsp;Tzu-Hung Liu ,&nbsp;Chia-Rui Chang ,&nbsp;Yu-Lin Hsieh ,&nbsp;Jarvis T. Chen ,&nbsp;Ichiro Kawachi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Many studies have linked greater social participation to less cognitive decline with aging. Understanding of how social participation transitions can be associated with older adults’ cognitive function is crucial.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed histories of social participation among middle-aged (50–64 years, n = 1900) and older (65+ years, n = 2500) participants in the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. We applied sequence analysis to define clustered social participation and work history in 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2011. We applied linear regression models for the associations between cluster membership and cognitive function in 2015, measured with the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). We used multinomial regression analysis to explore the factors related to belonging to a cluster.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In middle-aged adults, participation in multiple social activities was associated with higher cognition scores. Working and multiple activity participation among older adults were associated with higher scores. More active patterns of social participation were found for men, at younger ages, and among non-urban residents.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our study findings support the value of social engagement and work involvement for healthy cognitive aging. Additionally, we identified subgroups that were more likely to be socially engaged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The land cover paradox: Characteristics of blue- and green spaces within and beyond high-risk suicide clusters","authors":"Gia E. Barboza-Salerno ,&nbsp;Amy Watson-Grace ,&nbsp;Karla Shockley-McCarthy ,&nbsp;Taylor Harrington ,&nbsp;Keith Warren ,&nbsp;Danielle Steelesmith","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Urban suicide rates are rising, with disproportionate impacts on communities of color. While social determinants of suicide are well-established, the role of overlapping social, natural, and built environments remains underexamined.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We integrated National Land Cover Database (NLCD) data on developed open space, tree canopy, blue space, and a novel measure of land cover diversity with indicators of tree and park equity, built environment features, and socioeconomic vulnerability. Bayesian spatial Poisson models were used to estimate associations between these socioenvironmental variables and suicide risk at the Census Block Group (CBG) level in Chicago. We also identified and compared spatial clusters of high and low suicide risk using Local Moran's I.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Blue space and developed, open spaces were associated with reduced suicide risk, with estimated decreases of 17.9 % and 15.1 %, respectively. In contrast, greater land cover diversity was associated with a 32.1 % increase in suicide risk. Suicide risk exhibited spatial structuring, with nearly half of the total variance explained by between-CBG differences (γ = 0.4971). Although spatial variability was modest (σS = 0.0214), suicide deaths were significantly clustered, with 261 spatial clusters identified—59 high-risk and 202 low-risk (p &lt; 0.05). Socio-environmental characteristics differed significantly across cluster types, indicating that place-based exposures intersect with population-level vulnerabilities to shape suicide risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings reveal that the mental health impacts of environmental features are context-dependent and spatially patterned. While access to green and blue space may offer protective effects, these benefits are not uniformly experienced across urban neighborhoods. Suicide prevention efforts should consider not only individual and socioeconomic risk factors, but also spatial disparities in environmental quality and neighborhood-level disadvantage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender inequality, women's human capital and female suicide in selected MENA countries","authors":"Francois Xavier Ngah Obama","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the relationships between gender inequality, women's human capital and female suicide in MENA countries. The study uses a panel of seven MENA countries over the period 2000–2019. The analysis uses Driscoll-Kraay standard error regression and bootstrap-corrected dynamic fixed effects. Women's human capital is decomposed into women's health and education. The findings indicate that gender inequality significantly increases female suicide and that this effect is likely to be U-shaped. The analysis of gender inequality determinants reveals that both women's education and health significantly contribute to reducing gender inequality. However, the analysis of interactions suggests that only women's health is a plausible and effective way to address the impact of gender inequality on female suicide in MENA. These findings underscore the need for policies that promote women's education and improve women's health in the agenda to address female suicide in MENA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}