Ssm-Population Health最新文献

{"title":"Effect of family caregiving on depression outcome among older European adults","authors":"Sherry Shu-Yeu Hou ,&nbsp;Jee Won Park ,&nbsp;Arijit Nandi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Most caregiver health studies rely on observational data and traditional regression methods, which fail to account for time-varying confounding, limiting causal inference. This analysis uses inverse probability weighting (IPW) to appropriately account for time-varying confounding in caregiving-depression relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using seven waves (2004–2019) of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we estimated the effect of caregiving on probable depression (having 4+ symptoms) comparing daily and some caregiving to no caregiving. We accounted for censoring and potential measured confounding by time-fixed covariates (gender, number of children, country, and education) and time-varying covariates (age, employment, marital status, income, physical limitations, psychiatric medication, receiving help, previous caregiving, and previous depression) using IPCW and IPTW. The product of the two weights was applied to a marginal structural model to obtain the causal estimand on the prevalence difference scale. Confidence intervals were derived from bootstrapping.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 36 346 participants and 67 800 person-waves, compared to no caregiving in the last year, daily caregiving was associated with a 6.7 percentage point (95 % CI: 4.8 %, 8.6 %) increase in the prevalence of probable depression, after accounting for time-fixed and time-varying covariates. Some caregiving was not associated with probable depression (PD = 0.5, 95 % CI = −0.8 %, 1.8 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results support existing findings that high levels of caregiving may increase the prevalence of probable depression, while lower levels of caregiving do not. Accurate documentation of the relationship between caregiving and health outcomes is foundational in creating evidence-based policies to support healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxing for healthier beginnings: The impact of a major tobacco tax hike on birth weight in Mexico","authors":"Francisco Beltran-Silva ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Aranda","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tobacco consumption during pregnancy poses significant risks to maternal and neonatal health. In 2011, Mexico implemented a large nationwide increase in tobacco excise taxes. Because the policy was applied uniformly across the country and detailed smoking data are limited, identifying causal effects is particularly challenging. Using comprehensive vital statistics records on all singleton live births in Mexico, we apply a regression discontinuity in time design to evaluate the short-term impact of a 250% increase in the excise tax on tobacco products on newborn health outcomes. Our findings provide evidence of moderate short-term increases in birth weight after the tax hike. Although the effects diminish over time and show sensitivity to model specification, they may indicate potential long-term public health benefits. This study provides new evidence on the effects of nationwide tobacco tax increases on birth outcomes in middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 101851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minority-owned small businesses and employer-sponsored health insurance","authors":"Melanie K. Tran,&nbsp;Patrick M. Krueger","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) is a primary source of health coverage for working-aged adults in the U.S. Although most larger employers offer ESI, 46% of U.S. workers are employed by small businesses, which offer ESI at less than half the rate of large businesses. We extend prior research by examining detailed racial/ethnic ownership of small businesses and trends in offering ESI throughout the rollout of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) small business policies. We use restricted data from the Census Bureau's 2012 Survey of Business Owners and the 2014–2016 waves of the Annual Survey of Entrepreneurs. Binary logistic regression allows us to examine whether the racial/ethnic composition of the business owners is associated with offering ESI, within each of the four waves of data. Finally, we plot the fitted percentage of small businesses that offer ESI across time and racial/ethnic ownership status, while adjusting for owner and firm characteristics. The majority of small businesses do not offer ESI. Further, disparities are substantial. In 2012, just 41% of White-owned small businesses offer ESI, compared to 26% of Black-, 26% of Asian-, and 23% of Hispanic-owned small businesses. These disparities fail to improve across years when the ACA incentives were implemented. Policies that recognize and address differences in ESI among small businesses, especially among Black-, Asian-, and Hispanic-owned small businesses, could strengthen healthcare systems and access to care in communities where minority-owned small businesses and their employees are located.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intergenerational transmission from adult Children's education to parents' health in China: Nonlinearity and mechanisms","authors":"Huan He ,&nbsp;Lanxi Peng ,&nbsp;Xuanhan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current studies suggest the intergenerational transmission of educational advantages is bidirectional over the life course. However, results from causal analysis studies do not consistently support the beneficial effect of adult children's education on aging parents' health. The conflicting evidence indicates a complex relationship, which may be nonlinear or only prominent in certain settings or explained by specific pathways, but remains unexplored. Using the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies data and instrumental variable estimation, we examine the effect of adult children's education on parents' health and systematically explore its heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms. Our study finds that adult children's education significantly improves parents' health in middle and older ages using instrumental variables estimation with two-stage least squares (IV/2SLS), but the effect may be nonlinear. The beneficial intergenerational transfer of health may slightly weaken when adult children's educational attainment exceeds the middle school education level. The effect of adult children's education on parents' health may be more notable in less developed regions and among younger parents and parents living with or less educated than their adult children. The mechanism analyses results suggest that adult children's education may enhance parents' health through both stress-based pathways (i.e., family economic hardship) and resource-based pathways (i.e., emotional support from children, housework support from parents, and improving parents' access to the resources), but not via the analyzed health habits. Our findings suggest that promoting children's education may improve parents' health over the life course, especially at least graduating from middle school. Our findings imply that prioritizing basic education policy in less developed regions, and providing buffers for economic stressors or enhancing daily intergenerational interactions within families are important for healthy aging in developing societies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welfare policy and suicide: The role of “supporting the self-reliance of persons in need” program in Japan","authors":"Xuanzi Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Japan experienced a substantial decrease in suicide rates in the 2010s. During this period, the “Supporting the Self-Reliance of Persons in Need” program was initiated to target individuals struggling to meet basic needs. The program provides personalized consultations and subprograms that address the residence issues, necessities, employment needs, and household finance management problems. This study evaluates whether this program is related to the decline in Japan's suicide rates in the 2010s.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The first analysis employs a difference-in-differences approach, using the monthly suicide rates in 815 cities across Japan from 2009 to 2015. Policy exposure refers to the period after pilot programs were introduced in cities between 2013 and 2015. The second analysis examines whether the number of subprograms application counts is associated with the suicide rates by fiscal year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The introduction of self-reliance support in cities is related to a monthly reduction of 0.066 and 0.041 in suicide rates among men and women, respectively. The associations are found among the population under 60 years, particularly strong for males and the middle-aged. The second analysis suggests that the employment training program shows the strongest association with lower suicide rates. An additional employment training application per 100,000 population is associated with a 0.256 reduction for males and 0.169 for females in the annual suicide rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The introduction of self-reliance support is associated with reduced suicide rates, mainly among males and the middle-aged. The employment training subprogram demonstrates the strongest association with lower suicide rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101852"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-pandemic changes in anxiety and depression symptom networks among socioeconomically disadvantaged young Adults: A repeated cross-sectional study","authors":"Aziz Essadek ,&nbsp;Tamara Guenoun ,&nbsp;Florence Gressier ,&nbsp;Maha Najdini ,&nbsp;Maud Cappelletti ,&nbsp;Antoine Frigaux ,&nbsp;Maria Melchior ,&nbsp;Maeva Musso ,&nbsp;Marion Robin","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the mental health of young adults, particularly those facing socioeconomic hardship. Although psychological distress appears to be declining in the general population post-pandemic, vulnerable subgroups remain at elevated risk. Network analysis offers a transdiagnostic approach to understanding the dynamic interplay of depressive and anxiety symptoms over time.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study among socioeconomically disadvantaged young adults in 2020 (T1) and 2024–2025 (T2). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Symptom networks were estimated using Gaussian Graphical Models with EBICglasso. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) evaluated changes in network structure and symptom centrality. Clustering analysis was performed to explore the reorganization of symptom groupings over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean scores increased significantly between T1 (n = 960) and T2 (n = 380) for both depression (PHQ-9: 9.43 to 11.35, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and anxiety (GAD-7: 6.3 to 8.14, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Suicidal ideation nearly doubled (25.9 %–42.9 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Network analysis revealed stronger interconnections between depressive and anxiety symptoms at T2. Anxiety symptoms (particularly GAD3, GAD2, and GAD1) became more central, while suicidal ideation shifted from a depression-specific cluster to one integrating anxiety symptoms. Clustering analysis supported a progressive integration of depressive and anxiety domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest an evolving post-pandemic psychopathological network, with anxiety symptoms becoming increasingly central and closely linked to suicidal ideation. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing both depression and anxiety, particularly among socioeconomically vulnerable young adults, to more effectively reduce suicide risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101854"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between social networking site body talk and college students' physical Activity: The role of upward appearance comparisons and self-compassion","authors":"Xingyi Li ,&nbsp;Changzhou Chen ,&nbsp;Junjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing penetration of social networking sites into daily life, college students are engaging more frequently in body-related expressions and interactions on these platforms, referred to as social networking site body talk. Although previous studies have indicated potential links between social networking sites, body image, and health behaviors, the relationship between social networking sites body talk and physical activity, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on examining the relationship between social networking sites body talk and physical activity among college students, and tests the mediating role of upward appearance comparison and the moderating role of self-compassion. Empirical analysis was conducted on data collected from 1189 Chinese college students (604 males and 585 females). The results showed that social networking site body talk was significantly and positively associated with physical activity. Further analysis revealed that upward appearance comparison mediated the association between social networking sites body talk and physical activity. Moreover, this mediating effect was moderated by levels of self-compassion, with the mediation being more pronounced among individuals with higher self-compassion. The findings of this study enrich the literature on social media and health behaviors, and have important practical implications for designing interventions aimed at promoting physical activity among college students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the association between county industrial composition and working-age mortality from 2000 to 2022.","authors":"Xue Zhang, Iliya Gutin, Shannon M Monnat, Jennifer Karas Montez","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising working-age mortality in recent decades was partly due to declines in the manufacturing industry. Less is known about how working-age mortality was associated with concurrent changes in other industries and whether those associations fluctuated over time alongside exogenous shocks to labor markets. This study draws on the precarious work literature to assess temporally specific associations between industry composition and mortality, which likely operate through direct effects on workers and spillover effects on communities. We estimate associations between county-level industry composition and mortality among working-age adults (ages 25-64) within multiple subperiods capturing shocks to labor markets and mortality (e.g., China Shock, Great Recession, opioid epidemic, and COVID-19) across 2000 to 2022. We use Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling to account for spatial and temporal patterns, net of other county-level characteristics. Results corroborate and extend prior findings that shares of certain industries are associated with mortality rates. Results further show that the size and direction of the associations fluctuated over time for some industries and causes of death. Higher shares of agricultural employment were associated with lower mortality across time, especially in latter periods, while the mortality benefits associated with higher shares of manufacturing employment waned in the latter period. Higher shares of service industry employment predicted higher mortality, especially during the pandemic. Associations between shares of employment in the professional service and mining/construction industries and mortality were mixed. The findings underscore the need to broaden the focus beyond the manufacturing industry to better understand trends and disparities in working-age mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"101849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When conflict meets political exclusion: Ethnicity, governance, and child mortality","authors":"SoYun Chang ,&nbsp;Brandon Ives ,&nbsp;Jieun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Armed conflict poses a major threat to child health, and growing research highlights how political and social structures may moderate its effects, though the full range of relevant effect modifiers remains incompletely understood. This study examines how the relationship between conflict severity and under-5 mortality rates varies depending on patterns of ethnic political representation. Using data from 99 countries from 2000 to 2017 at the first administrative level (ADM1), it tests the hypothesis that conflict severity has a stronger adverse effect on child mortality where ethnic groups that lack political representation reside. Multivariate linear regression models with ADM1 and year fixed effects provide evidence that lack of ethnic political representation operates as an effect modifier of the conflict-mortality relationship. The results remain robust across alternative measurements, covariates, model specifications, and matching techniques. These findings contribute to understanding how political inequality shapes the health consequences of conflict, with implications for both conflict-affected health interventions and policies addressing political representation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban riverbank green spaces as therapeutic environments: Examining the psychosocial benefits of square dance in aging populations in China","authors":"Song Wei ,&nbsp;Hongli Yu ,&nbsp;Chen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssmph.2025.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green spaces along urban rivers have become popular venues for promoting physical activity (PA), particularly among older adults. However, there is little research on how the timing (morning versus nighttime) and location (green versus non-green spaces) of square dancing (reflecting PA) influence psychosocial benefits for older adults. Furthermore, gender differences in these interactions remain unexplored. This study examines the psychosocial benefits (e.g., reducing anxiety and depression disorders, improving psychological well-being and quality of life, enhancing emotional well-being, and alleviating psychological stress) of square dancing for aging Chinese adults with gender-specific preferences. This study utilized a cross-sectional sampling method with older adults from urban riverbank green spaces in China (N = 536; 315 women and 221 men) in 2023. We collected demographics, preferences (both time and location), and psychosocial health outcomes using well-known tools. Statistical analyses included correlation assessments, Wald Chi-Square tests, and gender-specific comparisons. Results indicated that 71.08 % of participants preferred PA in green spaces and 60.82 % preferred nighttime activities, highlighting clear patterns of engagement. Among men, PA timing was more strongly related to anxiety levels (Wald χ² = 5.178). Conversely, PA location was significantly associated with emotional well-being (Wald χ² = 5.822) and quality of life (Wald χ² = 6.748) outcomes among women. Nighttime PA in urban riverside green spaces offers psychological benefits to older Chinese adults, highlighting distinct gender- and time-specific effects. Considering these findings, public health and community planning initiatives need to be customized to improve overall health and well-being among the aging population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47780,"journal":{"name":"Ssm-Population Health","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}