International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching最新文献_第5页

Match-play running demands in a female soccer professional club: From academy to professional team 女足职业俱乐部的比赛运行需求：从学院到职业队

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241248610

David Casamichana, Eider Barba, Petrus Gantois, Fabio Nakamura, Beñat Erkizia, Julen Castellano

{"title":"Match-play running demands in a female soccer professional club: From academy to professional team","authors":"David Casamichana, Eider Barba, Petrus Gantois, Fabio Nakamura, Beñat Erkizia, Julen Castellano","doi":"10.1177/17479541241248610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241248610","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to examine the match-running load of female soccer players competing at distinct age groups (U15, U18 and senior cohorts) belonging to the same professional club, over a competitive season. The external load variables of the official matches were monitored with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology: total distance (TD), at >18 km·h−1 (running), at >21 km·h−1 (high-speed running, HSR) and at >24 km·h−1 (sprint, SPR) distances, efforts at >85% of the maximal sprint speed (>85% MSS), acceleration load (aLoaD), accelerations (ACC2 and ACC3, >2 and >3 m·s−2) and decelerations (DEC2 and DEC3 <−2 and <−3 m·s−2). Overall, distances covered at running, HSR and sprinting were greater for senior players than their younger peers (U15 and U18; p < 0.05). Regarding HSR and sprints, no difference was found for sprints accumulated by central defender (CD) players in comparison to U18 and U15 ( p > 0.05). In addition, U18 and senior players engaged more often in ACC and DEC, >2 and >3 m·s−2, respectively, than U15 players ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, older female soccer players are exposed to higher match load than their younger peers. These findings could be useful for soccer coaches to design specific speed development programmes across the long-term athletic development pathway.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early sport specialization impact on rates of injury in collegiate and professional sport participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis 早期体育专业化对大学生和职业运动员受伤率的影响：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241248565

Bahman Adlou, Alan Wilson, Christopher Wilburn, Wendi Weimar

{"title":"Early sport specialization impact on rates of injury in collegiate and professional sport participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Bahman Adlou, Alan Wilson, Christopher Wilburn, Wendi Weimar","doi":"10.1177/17479541241248565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241248565","url":null,"abstract":"Early sport specialization (ESS) is prevalent among adolescent athletes aspiring for elite status. However, the impact of ESS on sports injury (SI) rates during their collegiate and professional careers remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effect of ESS on SI rates during high-level sport participation. Data sources Search included PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, ERIC, and Medline. Study selection PRISMA guidelines were followed to identify peer-reviewed articles published until 01 August 2023. Eligible studies reported numbers of athletes in collegiate and professional teams, including national, in ESS and their counterpart category, along with the portion with at least one SI. Studies on concussion or non-contact injuries, or without explicit injury reports during elite sport participation were excluded. Of 526 studies, 13 met the criteria, and 5 were included in the quantitative analysis. These studies reported SIs on collegiate and professional athletes. A total of 3087 athletes were analyzed (ESS = 45%). The overall effect showed that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during high-level sport participation, but this finding was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Results demonstrated that ESS athletes had a lower odds ratio (OR = 0.7) of a SI during elite sport participation, but the effect was not statistically significant. Articles with clear reports are scarce, and thus limit the impact of the findings in this study. High heterogeneity was evident in this analysis, largely due to lack of standardized terminology, evaluation, and data representation. Prospective studies that consider diverse athlete population of the same sport are warranted.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and emotions in high school sport managers 高中体育管理者的特质心智、执着激情和情绪之间的关系

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241247790

Ye Hoon Lee, Heetae Cho

{"title":"The relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and emotions in high school sport managers","authors":"Ye Hoon Lee, Heetae Cho","doi":"10.1177/17479541241247790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241247790","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeMindfulness emerges as a possible means to alleviate obsessive passion. Nevertheless, its application in sport leadership context remains understudied, despite the significant levels of stress and turnover that are common in this profession. This study aims to investigate the relationships among trait mindfulness, obsessive passion, and specific positive (e.g., happiness), neutral (e.g., calmness), and negative (e.g., anger) emotions in high school sport managers.MethodIn total, 358 high school sport managers ( Mage = 48.47, SD = 8.93) working in 46 states in the United States completed the online questionnaires measuring the proposed variables. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were utilized to examine the hypotheses.ResultThe results showed that trait mindfulness negatively predicted obsessive passion. Additionally, obsessive passion negatively predicted the feelings of happiness and calmness, while it positively predicted anger. The mediation analysis revealed that obsessive passion fully mediated the relationships between trait mindfulness and the three types of emotion.ConclusionThese findings are significant because they demonstrate the buffering role of trait mindfulness in obsessive passion. Furthermore, the study provides meaningful insights into sport managers’ emotional experiences, particularly by empirically examining the effect of obsessive passion on different emotions.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Profiling of expert bouldering routesetters 巨石攀登线路设置专家简介

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241248583

Julian Henz, Xavier Sanchez, Daniel Memmert, Jerry Prosper Medernach

{"title":"Profiling of expert bouldering routesetters","authors":"Julian Henz, Xavier Sanchez, Daniel Memmert, Jerry Prosper Medernach","doi":"10.1177/17479541241248583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241248583","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionBouldering is an Olympic discipline that takes place on low-height climbing structures known as boulders. Routesetters play a critical role in bouldering; they design and set boulders to be climbed, which must be original, safe to climb and adapted to climbers’ levels. Considering the critical role routesetters play to keep the present success and ensure the future development of bouldering, the purpose of this study was to profile expert routesetters by identifying relevant key skills they possess and examining specific strategies they use when designing boulders.MethodsSeventy-eight expert routesetters completed an online survey structured in eight sections that assessed the following: perceptual–cognitive skills; soft skills; motor skills; climbing skills; welfare; safety and difficulty; climbing holds and wall features; and climbing movement diversity and boulder styles.ResultsAmong fundamental skills experts identified, most relevant to routesetters were possessing a broad climbing movement repertoire, the ability to develop several climbing strategies for one boulder, forecasting of climbing movements, climbing-specific decision-making and creativity, self-reflection, teamwork, dealing with negative feedback, technical skills and general fitness. Furthermore, most relevant specific routesetter skills and strategies appeared to encompass the ability to design boulders that account for climbers’ skill levels and safety, to adapt to the constraints of climbing gyms, to make optimal use of climbing wall features and to design versatile climbing movements.ConclusionThe expert routesetters’ profile comprises fundamental and specific skills and strategies that enable them to design target-oriented boulders with versatile climbing movements for different levels whilst accounting for climbers’ welfare.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of tackle height and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration in rugby 擒抱高度和肩部偏好对橄榄球运动中头部和躯干加速度的影响

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241252967

Yuta Ogata, Takashi Soejima, Kenji Hara, Hiromi Takahata, Yu Ando, Akihiro Yamashita, Mutsuo Yamada, Hidetaka Murakami, Akira Maeda

{"title":"Effects of tackle height and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration in rugby","authors":"Yuta Ogata, Takashi Soejima, Kenji Hara, Hiromi Takahata, Yu Ando, Akihiro Yamashita, Mutsuo Yamada, Hidetaka Murakami, Akira Maeda","doi":"10.1177/17479541241252967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241252967","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMost rugby injuries occur during tackles, therefore investigating safe tackling techniques is essential.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of different tackle heights and shoulder preference on head and trunk acceleration.MethodsThirty-nine rugby players belonging to university leagues, adult leagues, and adult leagues, tackled a stationary tackle bag under three height conditions (high, middle, and low) with a dominant shoulder and a non-dominant shoulder. We calculated the peak head and trunk accelerations (PhA and PtA, respectively) during the tackles and evaluated the difference in accelerations by the tackle height and side.ResultsThe PhA (26.1 g (17.1) g) during the tackles was significantly higher than the PtA (11.7(7.2) g, p < 0.01). The PhA was significantly larger in the high (27.4 (19.4) g) and middle (27.7 (17.0) g) tackles compared to the low (23.4 (14.6) g) tackle (high vs low: p < 0.01; middle vs low: p < 0.01). The PhA was significantly lower during the dominant shoulder side (23.0 (13.7) g) tackles than during the non-dominant shoulder side (30.4 (21.3) g) tackles ( p < 0.01).ConclusionThe results suggest that coaching strategies and policies aimed at reducing tackler height and improving tackle technique on the non-dominant shoulder would help reduce head acceleration forces.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A global survey exploring tackle training knowledge, attitudes and practices of women's rugby union coaches 探索女子橄榄球联盟教练擒抱训练知识、态度和实践的全球调查

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241243180

Kathryn Dane, Stephen W West, Sharief Hendricks, Anna Stodter, Caithriona Yeomans, Nicol van Dyk, Steffan Griffin, Fiona Wilson

{"title":"A global survey exploring tackle training knowledge, attitudes and practices of women's rugby union coaches","authors":"Kathryn Dane, Stephen W West, Sharief Hendricks, Anna Stodter, Caithriona Yeomans, Nicol van Dyk, Steffan Griffin, Fiona Wilson","doi":"10.1177/17479541241243180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241243180","url":null,"abstract":"The coaching and performance context in women's rugby is not well understood, despite growing popularity worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the knowledge, attitudes and tackle training practices of women's rugby coaches in relation to tackle safety and performance. A globally distributed online survey exploring coaches’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards tackling women's rugby was completed by 357 coaches (mean age 41 ± 0.6 years) from 58 countries. The cross-sectional survey was distributed from March 2023 to June 2023. Survey development was guided by the Health Action Process Approach and informed by coaching experts, research evidence synthesis, and guidelines for international tackle safety programmes. Coaches believed that the risk of tackle injury in women's rugby is high and that proper tackle technique for safety is very important. More than 75% of coaches had never completed a tackle-specific training course, with only 39% aware of the availability of such courses. Time spent on controlled-contact and full-contact activities varied from 0 to 40+ min per week, averaging 10–20 min for both types of training. Barriers to the effectiveness of tackle training related to sociocultural factors, coach knowledge gaps, training environments, and player training considerations. Coach education, improved infrastructures, and physical development were ranked the highest priorities for improving tackle safety and performance. These findings inform future implementation strategies for tackle safety and performance in the context of women's rugby, highlighting the need to involve coaches in providing practical solutions, and the role of education and institutional/organisational support in facilitating such improvements.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How coaches’ decision-making affect athlete selection: A systematic review and meta-synthesis 教练员的决策如何影响运动员的选拔：系统回顾与元综合

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241245852

Changqing Xiang, Jie Zhao, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Wenting Dong, Hua Luo, Normala Ismail

{"title":"How coaches’ decision-making affect athlete selection: A systematic review and meta-synthesis","authors":"Changqing Xiang, Jie Zhao, Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden, Wenting Dong, Hua Luo, Normala Ismail","doi":"10.1177/17479541241245852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241245852","url":null,"abstract":"Athlete selection, as a crucial step for the success of competitive sports, is the last hurdle in the whole sports talent cultivation chain, which is related to the stability and sustainable development of the sports. In athlete selection, coaches play the role of decision-makers in selecting the most suitable athletes for a specific sport or competition from a large pool of talented athletes. Therefore, understanding how coaches’ decisions impact athlete selection is crucial in establishing selection rules, formulating effective decision-making, and developing accurate athlete development policies. This review was conducted by searching the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases for English-language literature on coaching decision-making and talent selection, and screening and categorizing the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 10 articles were included in this review. Based on the meta-synthesis findings, coaches’ decision-making styles, intuition, and abilities play a significant role in athlete selection. Additionally, coaches’ personalities are also an important factor that influences their decision-making process in identifying and selecting talented players. This review also emphasizes that coach decision-making is essential not only in athlete selection, but also in athlete detection, identification, and development, as coach behavior affects the success of the entire team. In addition, reinforcement of professional competence development and maintenance of continuous learning for coaches is the requirement of the times and the key to the success of athlete selection.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of velocity loss thresholds during resistance training on lower-limb performance enhancement: A systematic review with meta-analysis 阻力训练中速度损失阈值对提高下肢表现的影响：系统回顾与荟萃分析

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241244581

Bo-Ying Chen, Wei-Han Chen, Yu Liu, Nicholas J Fiolo, Philip X Fuchs, Chen-Fu Huang, Tzyy-Yuang Shiang

{"title":"The effects of velocity loss thresholds during resistance training on lower-limb performance enhancement: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Bo-Ying Chen, Wei-Han Chen, Yu Liu, Nicholas J Fiolo, Philip X Fuchs, Chen-Fu Huang, Tzyy-Yuang Shiang","doi":"10.1177/17479541241244581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241244581","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the effects of squat training with different velocity loss (VL) thresholds on squat strength, heavy-load squat velocity (HLSV), light-load squat velocity (LLSV), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and sprint time (ST). A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Meta-analysis was used to examine effects of trainings with different VL thresholds and used meta-regression to examine the interaction effects (correlation) between training effects and VL in different performance-based outcomes. Our systematic search yielded 1017 articles, 13 of which were included in the present study. Meta-analysis revealed that resistance training with both low (0%–20%) and high (30%–45%) VL thresholds improved squat strength, HLSV, LLSV, and CMJ height, but only low VL improved ST ( p < 0.05). Training gains for HLSV, LLSV, CMJ ( p = 0.088), and ST with low VL were superior to those with high VL ( p < 0.05). Meta-regression revealed that CMJ ( p = 0.076) and ST ( p = 0.010) demonstrated improvements as VL decreased in the range of 0% to 45%. In conclusion, squat resistance training with low (≤20%) VL provides relatively more effective training stimuli, improving performance in power and speed tasks. Optimal VL ranges may be in the range 10% to 20%, ≤20%, and ≤10% for the HLSV and LLSV, CMJ, and ST, respectively.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between ball mass and throw distance: Implications for coaching practice 球的质量与投掷距离之间的关系：对教练实践的影响

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241247308

John H. Challis

{"title":"The relationship between ball mass and throw distance: Implications for coaching practice","authors":"John H. Challis","doi":"10.1177/17479541241247308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541241247308","url":null,"abstract":"In training for many sports, balls of different masses are thrown. This study examined how ball mass influences distance thrown. Based on geometric scaling principles a relationship was derived between ball mass and throw distance: throw distance was inversely proportional to ball mass. This relationship was tested in two ways. The first approach was using athlete shot put throw distances with different shot masses, and hammer throws performed with different mass hammers. These experimental data were better represented by the non-linear relationship, derived from geometric scaling principles, than assuming a simple linear relationship. The second approach was to use a simulation model to predict throw distance for balls of different masses. The model contained realistic segmental inertial properties, activation dynamics, moment-joint angle properties, and moment-joint angular velocity properties. The non-linear relationship provided a better fit to the results of the simulations compared with a linear model. The experimental and modeling results support the theoretical relationship derived between distance thrown and ball mass. The relationship has utility for coaches monitoring and planning the training of athletes which incorporates throwing different mass balls.","PeriodicalId":47767,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140611646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The adaptable coach – A critical review of the practical implications for traditional and constraints–led approaches in sports coaching: A commentary 适应性强的教练--对体育教练传统方法和约束主导方法实际影响的批判性评论：评论文章

IF 1.9 4区教育学

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/17479541241247411

Philip E. Kearney, Oliver Logan, Alan Dunton, Edward K. Coughlan

引用次数: 0