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‘til Dissolution Do Us Part: (Re)Assessing the First Contract and Trial Marriage Goals of First Contract Arbitration in Ontario 直到我们分手：（重新）评估安大略省首次合同仲裁的首次合同和试婚目标
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2021-02-18 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12273
Bradley R. Weinberg
{"title":"‘til Dissolution Do Us Part: (Re)Assessing the First Contract and Trial Marriage Goals of First Contract Arbitration in Ontario","authors":"Bradley R. Weinberg","doi":"10.1111/irel.12273","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12273","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a series of labor law reforms in the Canadian province of Ontario between 1991 and1998, this article seeks to (re)assess and compare the effectiveness of two forms of first contract arbitration (FCA) in satisfying the primary policy goals of aiding in the achievement of a first contract and in establishing lasting bargaining relationships. In contrast to previous research findings using this setting, the analysis fails to identify any statistically significant difference in the achievement of first contracts across the automatic and no-fault forms of FCA. Further, estimates do not appear to identify a statistically significant difference in the establishment of lasting bargaining relationships, defined as the settlement of three of more collective agreements, across the two forms of FCA. These findings indicate that differences observed during this period in the first contract success rate and the establishment of bargaining relationships may be confounded with other factors than the changes to first contract arbitration.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44898898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affirmative Action and Intersectionality at the Top: Evidence from South Africa 平权行动和高层的交叉性:来自南非的证据
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2021-02-16 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12272
Stephan Klasen, Anna Minasyan
{"title":"Affirmative Action and Intersectionality at the Top: Evidence from South Africa","authors":"Stephan Klasen,&nbsp;Anna Minasyan","doi":"10.1111/irel.12272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous research shows that gender-based board quotas alone do not increase women's share in senior management positions. We study the effects of an affirmative action policy in South Africa, which stipulates group-based targets for senior management roles, beyond boards, focusing on representing intersectional identities, sex, and race. Our findings show that the policy led to a sizable increase in employment probability in top positions for Black women relative to their employment in these positions in the counterfactual scenario of no policy. We extend our analysis and estimate policy spillovers in education, wages, and self-employment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109169949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Labor Markets in Crisis: The Double Liability of Low-Wage Work During COVID-19 危机中的劳动力市场:COVID-19期间低工资工作的双重责任
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12269
Kourtney Koebel, Dionne Pohler
{"title":"Labor Markets in Crisis: The Double Liability of Low-Wage Work During COVID-19","authors":"Kourtney Koebel,&nbsp;Dionne Pohler","doi":"10.1111/irel.12269","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We adopt a novel identification strategy to examine the heterogeneous effects of Canada’s COVID-19 economic shutdown on hours worked across the earnings distribution. Early labor-market analyses found that workers in the bottom of the earnings distribution experienced a much larger reduction in hours worked than workers in the top of the earnings distribution. Our analysis reveals a double liability of low-wage work during Canada’s COVID-19 economic shutdown: while workers in every quintile experienced a large reduction in hours on average, significant increases in hours were only present among workers in the bottom quintile. Implications for crisis income supports are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25565543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Are Minimum Wage Effects Greater in Low-Wage Areas? 最低工资对低工资地区的影响更大吗?
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12267
Anna Godoey, Michael Reich
{"title":"Are Minimum Wage Effects Greater in Low-Wage Areas?","authors":"Anna Godoey,&nbsp;Michael Reich","doi":"10.1111/irel.12267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Empirical work on the minimum wage typically estimates effects averaged across high- and low-wage areas. Low-wage labor markets could potentially be less able to absorb minimum wage increases, in turn leading to more negative employment effects. In this article, we examine minimum wage effects in low-wage counties, where relative minimum wage ratios reach as high as 0.82, well beyond the state-based ratios in extant studies. Using data from the American Community Survey, the Quarterly Workforce Indicators, and the Quarterly Census on Employment and Wages, we implement event study and difference-in-differences methods, estimating average causal effects for all events in our sample and separately for areas with lower and higher impacts. We find positive wage effects, especially in high-impact counties, but do not detect adverse effects on employment, weekly hours, or annual weeks worked. We do not find negative employment effects among women, Blacks, and/or Hispanics. In high-impact counties, we find substantial declines in household and child poverty. These results inform policy debates about providing exemptions to a $15 federal minimum wage in low-wage areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109172943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Extreme Wages, Performance, and Superstars in a Market for Footballers 足球运动员市场中的极端工资、表现和超级明星
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2021-01-05 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12270
Rachel Scarfe, Carl Singleton, Paul Telemo
{"title":"Extreme Wages, Performance, and Superstars in a Market for Footballers","authors":"Rachel Scarfe,&nbsp;Carl Singleton,&nbsp;Paul Telemo","doi":"10.1111/irel.12270","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the determinants of superstar wage effects, asking whether productivity or popularity-based explanations are more appropriate. We use longitudinal wage and performance data for workers (players) and firms (teams) from a particular market for sports talent: Major League Soccer (MLS) in the United States. We find evidence that the top earners, whose annual salaries are mostly not accounted for by their past MLS performances, when compared to other footballers, are paid more because they attract significantly higher stadium attendances and thus revenues. There is no evidence that higher residual salary spending by the teams affects their relative performance in football terms, or that the amounts the teams spend on actual talent affect attendances. Taken together, these results suggest that a popularity-based explanation of superstar wage effects is appropriate among the top earners in this labor market.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62715893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The Effects of Teachers’ Unions on the Gender Pay Gap among U.S. Public School Teachers 教师工会对美国公立学校教师性别薪酬差距的影响
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2020-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12268
Eunice S. Han
{"title":"The Effects of Teachers’ Unions on the Gender Pay Gap among U.S. Public School Teachers","authors":"Eunice S. Han","doi":"10.1111/irel.12268","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the effect of teachers’ unions on the gender pay gap among teachers under various legal environments, using nationally representative district–teacher matched data. To identify union effects, I employ propensity score matching, considering both contractual status and teacher union density in each district as a treatment. I find that teachers’ unions significantly reduce the gender pay gap, and the union effects vary by legal environment. I also find that unions reduce teacher attrition for female teachers, but not for male teachers, thereby decreasing the gender pay gap by helping female teachers accumulate experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
What Do Unions Do to Work Design? Computer Use, Union Presence, and Tayloristic Jobs in Britain 工会对工作设计有何影响?英国的计算机使用、工会存在和泰勒式工作
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12266
Simon Eisele, Martin R. Schneider
{"title":"What Do Unions Do to Work Design? Computer Use, Union Presence, and Tayloristic Jobs in Britain","authors":"Simon Eisele,&nbsp;Martin R. Schneider","doi":"10.1111/irel.12266","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The task framework has focused on employee survey data to analyze how computer use changes the content of jobs. In this article, we add another factor of work design, namely trade union presence. Using data from the UK Skills and Employment Surveys for the period 1997–2012, we find that union presence is associated with more Tayloristic jobs involving less autonomy, lower relevance of problem solving, and more control. In line with theory, the union effect moves in the opposite direction to the effect of computer use. The article has two important general implications. First, the Tayloristic/holistic distinction is an instructive dichotomy to evaluate changes in work design. Second, the presence of unions may induce managers to design jobs in Tayloristic ways in order to curb union bargaining power.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41628806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Does Employing Older Workers Affect Workplace Performance? 雇佣年长员工会影响工作绩效吗?
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2020-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12265
Alex Bryson, John Forth, Helen Gray, Lucy Stokes
{"title":"Does Employing Older Workers Affect Workplace Performance?","authors":"Alex Bryson,&nbsp;John Forth,&nbsp;Helen Gray,&nbsp;Lucy Stokes","doi":"10.1111/irel.12265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a panel of workplaces in Britain, we investigate the implications for businesses of employing older workers. Workplace labor productivity falls where the proportion of older or younger workers rises. These raw associations are attenuated somewhat after controlling for aspects of human capital. In contrast, there is no significant association between age shares and workplace financial performance, suggesting that any reluctance by employers to employ greater numbers of older workers may be misplaced.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132369390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
A Switch or a Process? Disentangling the Effects of Union Membership on Political Attitudes in Switzerland and the UK 交换机还是进程?欧盟成员身份对瑞士和英国政治态度的影响
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12264
Sinisa Hadziabdic, Lucio Baccaro
{"title":"A Switch or a Process? Disentangling the Effects of Union Membership on Political Attitudes in Switzerland and the UK","authors":"Sinisa Hadziabdic,&nbsp;Lucio Baccaro","doi":"10.1111/irel.12264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12264","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the effects of union membership on individual political attitudes using panel data for Swiss and British workers. Considering union membership as an on/off switch (member vs. non&#8208;member), as it is often done, it is only possible to distinguish between a selection effect (unions attract like&#8208;minded individuals) and a molding effect (the experience of membership has a transformational impact on the individual). Exploiting the longitudinal structure of the data reveals that union membership is best characterized not as a switch, but as a dynamic process involving anticipation effects (which start well before becoming affiliated) and maturation effects (which become noticeable only after a certain duration of membership and may not dissipate after leaving the union). Empirically, the selection effect appears the most important in the two countries we focus on, while the molding effect is less pronounced. Anticipation and maturation effects are also non&#8208;negligible and hitherto unexplored.","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133446754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Motivational Drivers of Extensive Work Effort: Are Long Hours Always Detrimental to Well-being? 努力工作的动机:长时间工作对健康有害吗?
IF 2.3 3区 管理学
Industrial Relations Pub Date : 2020-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/irel.12263
Argyro Avgoustaki, Almudena Cañibano
{"title":"Motivational Drivers of Extensive Work Effort: Are Long Hours Always Detrimental to Well-being?","authors":"Argyro Avgoustaki,&nbsp;Almudena Cañibano","doi":"10.1111/irel.12263","DOIUrl":"10.1111/irel.12263","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Is extensive work effort always detrimental to professionals’ well-being? We argue that the link between extensive work effort and well-being depends on the reasons why professionals work extended hours. Drawing on self-determination theory and data from an international consultancy firm, we show that extrinsically driven work effort is negatively related to well-being, while intrinsically driven work effort is positively related to well-being. A reinforcing effect seems to exist between the two types of motivators, revealing that intrinsically driven work effort has both a direct and an indirect link to well-being, mitigating the downsides of extrinsically driven work effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":47700,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/irel.12263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131181954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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