Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management最新文献

{"title":"Renewing Concerns of Technical Complexity in Accidents Research: An Argument to Retain Perrow's “First Thesis”","authors":"Joseph H. Spear","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has been 40 years since Charles Perrow published the landmark work Normal Accidents ([1984]1999), built largely on an analysis of the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear power plant accident. While still a highly influential framework in the study of complex systems, the status of the argument remains in flux. The central argument was that certain technological systems are so complex and tightly coupled that accidents will occur no matter how hard we try to prevent them. While many analyses proceed on the acceptance of the main argument, various other literatures proceed according to the idea that we can keep such systems operating safely through various safety principles. At this point, a common idea is that, regardless of the technology, errors of management (whether by mistake or misconduct) are the problem. This paper argues that abandoning the concerns about technical complexity is a mistake—that we can and continue to build systems that outstrip our abilities of prediction and control. I illustrate by providing three different ways of characterising the space shuttle Challenger accident—as mistake, as misconduct, and as normal accident. In the end, the space shuttle program was so technically and organisationally complex that occasional failure of missions was probably inevitable regardless of all else.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Operação Acolhida From the Humanitarian Logistics Perspective","authors":"Isabela Antunes de Souza de Lima,&nbsp;Fernanda Tiemi Tanaka,&nbsp;Beatryz de Almeida de Alcantara,&nbsp;Márcia Marcondes Altimari Samed","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines ‘Operação Acolhida,’ Brazil's humanitarian response to the Venezuelan migration crisis, from a humanitarian logistics perspective. It examines whether the shelters established for Venezuelan refugees in Brazil comply with international humanitarian standards. Using a case study approach focused on settlements coordinated by the Brazilian Army, this research analyses their compliance with requirements from humanitarian organisations, specifically those outlined in the Sphere Handbook. Findings reveal that while some settlements were planned and built to meet standards by the Brazilian Army, others were established reactively to address emergency needs, leading to challenges such as inadequate drainage and poor adaptation to local climatic conditions. Additionally, the geographical location of the settlements presents logistical challenges due to their distance from major commercial and industrial centres, complicating supply chain management. This study also highlights the long-term residence of refugees in settlements initially designed as temporary, suggesting a need to reevaluate the permanence of these spaces and integrate them into the host communities. This article emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to refugee logistics and calls for sustainable, community-integrated solutions for future refugee settlements.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Psychological Empowerment Variables on Crisis Management Structure Variables Among Red Crescent Employees in Kerman Province","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhasani,&nbsp;Milad Ahmadi,&nbsp;Mahla Iranmanesh,&nbsp;Amirhossein Alikhani,&nbsp;Omolbanin Izadi","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychological empowerment is a key factor in enhancing employee motivation, job satisfaction and effectiveness and plays an important role in strengthening both psychological and organisational resilience. This study aimed to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment dimensions and structural components of crisis management among Red Crescent personnel. This cross-sectional study was conducted online in 2024 among personnel of the Red Crescent Society in Kerman Province. A total of 156 participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected using Spreitzer's Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire, which includes 15 items across four dimensions (meaningfulness, competence, autonomy, and impact), and a Crisis Management Structure Questionnaire consisting of 35 items covering five dimensions (structure, formalisation, complexity, centralisation and needs assessment). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression in STATA version 17. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that educational attainment at the bachelor's level (<i>p</i> value = 0.008) and above (<i>p</i> value = 0.007), as well as the competence (<i>p</i> value = 0.004) dimension of psychological empowerment, were significantly associated with higher perceived complexity in crisis management. In addition, work experience was positively associated with needs assessment capability (<i>p</i> value = 0.04). In contrast, the meaning dimension of psychological empowerment demonstrated a significant inverse relationship with crisis management complexity (<i>p</i> value = 0.006). The findings suggest that psychological empowerment is an important factor in shaping how crisis management structures are perceived and applied among Red Crescent personnel. Humanitarian organisations are encouraged to prioritise empowerment-oriented interventions alongside field-based experiential learning to improve personnel's understanding of crisis complexity and needs. Strengthening job meaningfulness and reinforcing mission-related identity may also help reduce perceived complexity and enhance the effectiveness of organisational crisis management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindset Over Mayhem: Integrating Cognitive Readiness and Naturalistic Decision Making Into the CSCATTT Framework for Crisis Management","authors":"Amir Khorram-Manesh","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Major incidents (MIs) represent critical contingency failures that expose deep, systemic vulnerabilities within the inter-organizational crisis management ecosystem. These weaknesses transcend mere logistical shortcomings, revealing a profound inability to manage the inherent “wicked” nature of complex, uncertain crises. Traditional incident analyses frequently underappreciate the extreme cognitive and psychological demands placed upon multi-agency responders during these high-stakes events. This research, based on a Structured Critical Integrative Review, introduces the Mindset Over Mayhem Framework (MOMF), presented as an original integrative conceptual framework developed from the synthesis rather than as a previously established model. This conceptual model offers a comprehensive crisis management architecture by integrating the established operational doctrine of CSCATTT (Command, Safety, Communication, Assessment, Triage, Treatment, Transport) with critical psychological and relational enablers essential for effective crisis response. Core to the MOMF are the cognitive constructs of Situational Awareness and Disaster Mindset, which directly support rapid naturalistic decision making (NDM) and the recognition-primed decision (RPD) model under conditions of extreme ambiguity and pressure. A synthesis of contemporary literature (2015–2025) and official crisis reports demonstrates that systemic organizational fragility in MIs originates not primarily from material resource deficits, but from fundamental shortcomings in cognitive readiness, relational cohesion, and shared mental models (SMMs) across agencies. These deficits critically impair interoperability and undermine the speed and accuracy of RPD. The MOMF advances a necessary paradigm shift in contingency planning toward the proactive development of cognitive resilience as a core operational capability. It emphasizes that cultivating robust Situational Awareness, fostering deep inter-agency trust, and recognizing adaptive leadership are foundational requirements for strategic, system-level collaboration. The framework further draws on pragmatist and improvisational approaches to crisis management, which conceptualize effective response as disciplined adaptation under uncertainty rather than simple deviation from protocol. By consciously integrating psychological readiness with operational doctrine, the framework has the potential to enhance system-level resilience and maximizes the efficacy of crisis response and victim care during MIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Fatality Management in Crisis and Wartime Conditions: Institutional Gaps in Civil Emergency Preparedness","authors":"Irena Tušer,&nbsp;Katarína Mäkká,&nbsp;Hana Malachová","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mass fatality events represent one of the most challenging consequences of large-scale crises and armed conflicts, yet they remain underexplored within crisis management and civil emergency preparedness research. While considerable attention is devoted to immediate life-saving response and critical infrastructure protection, the management of the dead is frequently treated as a residual or technical matter rather than an integral component of crisis governance—with significant consequences for institutional legitimacy and the psychosocial wellbeing of bereaved families and communities. This article examines institutional preparedness for mass fatality management (MFM) through the lens of institutional crisis governance, with a particular focus on the governance, coordination, and capacity-related challenges faced by public authorities and supporting organizations. Using a qualitative research design that integrates targeted document analysis with an expert nominal group technique and semi-quantitative risk assessment, the study identifies key systemic gaps related to legal frameworks, inter-organizational coordination, resource planning, and operational preparedness for high-fatality events. The findings demonstrate that deficiencies in MFM in the Czech Republic do not constitute isolated operational gaps but form an interconnected systemic problem rooted in governance fragmentation, legislative constraints, and the structural exclusion of funeral services from core crisis planning frameworks. Funeral services and burial capacities emerge as critical yet insufficiently integrated elements of civil protection systems. The article further argues that neglecting this phase of crisis response undermines not only operational effectiveness but also societal resilience and the legitimacy of public crisis management. By conceptualizing MFM as a core component of institutional crisis governance, this study contributes to scholarship on crisis preparedness and governance and offers analytically grounded insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to strengthen preparedness for extreme and complex crises. While the empirical base is grounded in the Czech national context, the identified patterns of governance fragmentation and planning deficit reflect structural characteristics observable across diverse civil protection systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dichotomies of Crisis: Different Yet Valid Realities of the Lindt Café Siege","authors":"Dimitra (Jenny) Cartwright,&nbsp;Greg Drummond","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over a decade after the Lindt Café Siege saw a lone gunman take hostage 18 people over a 16-h period resulting in two deaths, the decisions and actions from police and emergency services continue to be scrutinised. When such volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous events occur, they give rise to dichotomies in the perception of (i) crisis; (ii) complexity; and (iii) systems which only serve as a positive feedback loop. This paper proceeds by exploring each of these dichotomies as they apply to the various levels of response and identifies how they can impact decision-making in the most high-consequence, low-frequency public events. Furthermore, this paper provides a visual representation of the various levels of response, the interplay of the systems and the complexity encountered by those at the tactical, operational, strategic and executive levels responding to the Lindt Café Siege. Mapping the systems involved in responding to the Lindt Café Siege visually illustrated the complexity of the response in the differing levels of decision making as one moved further away from the incident, and most importantly the dichotomies found to have potentially impacted on decision making. Whilst we found that the systems operated as expected, the deficiencies in decision-making as noted by the Inquest were due to some extent by several contributing factors. These factors were found to arise from systems relativity, institutional dimensional reduction, complexity dichotomy and consequence relativity. The results of this analysis have informed a series of recommendations for command development and response planning within similar contexts, including how a systems thinking approach can enhance decision making in complex and ambiguous situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment Using Social-Trust-Driven Consensus Method and Deep Contrastive Clustering","authors":"Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Hu-Chen Liu,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Tan,&nbsp;Xiu-Zhen Jiang","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a crucial process in occupational health and safety management, the occupational health and safety risk assessment (OHSRA) aims to evaluate, prioritise, and reduce the risk of occupational hazards in workplaces to ensure employee health and safety. In this paper, a new integrated OHSRA model combining the social-trust-driven consensus (STDC) method and the deep contrastive clustering is suggested for the risk assessment and classification of occupational hazards under a polytopic fuzzy linguistic environment. Specifically, the STDC method is applied to achieve expert consensus on the risk assessments of occupational hazards, and the deep contrastive clustering is utilised to obtain the risk classifications of occupational hazards. In addition, the polytopic fuzzy linguistic theory is employed to deal with experts' hesitant risk assessment information. Finally, a practical case in coal mining is provided to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed OHSRA model. The results show that equipment-related risks and injuries caused by falling objects are the highest-risk occupational hazards and should be controlled by appropriate precautions. Moreover, a comparative analysis confirms that the proposed model can effectively cope with inconsistent linguistic risk assessments given by experts and produce reliable risk classifications of occupational hazards in OHSRA.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Crisis Management: Analysis of Controversies in the Technology Industry","authors":"Pablo Fernández-de la Cruz,&nbsp;Alicia Blanco-González,&nbsp;Giorgia Miotto","doi":"10.1111/1468-5973.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corporate crises represent a threat to firms' legitimacy, stability and stakeholder trust. The main objective of this study is to create a longitudinal descriptive mapping of controversy exposure with implications for crisis-management theory taking into consideration the technology industry, identifying patterns (recurrence, clustering, concentration) that may inform early warning systems and vulnerability assessment. The research examines controversies related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria. It also analyzes crisis management models defining the relationship between complaints, controversies and crises. The sample comprises 71 technology companies and a total of 2474 controversies from the LSEG Workspace database (2018–2024). The results suggest that a preventive approach based on the close analysis of common escalation patterns from complaints to controversies to crisis may help companies to anticipate and mitigate potential issues. The technology industry is examined due to its relevance in the global economy and its high public exposure to ESG controversies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-5973.70189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148322292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148074626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management","volume":"34 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148073521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}