World Bank Research Observer最新文献_第9页

Instructional Time Loss in Developing Countries: Concepts, Measurement, and Implications 发展中国家的教学时间损失:概念、测量和影响

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP008

H. Abadzi

引用次数: 76

Land Registration, Governance, and Development: Evidence and Implications for Policy 土地注册、治理与发展:证据与政策启示

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2009-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP007

K. Deininger, G. Feder

{"title":"Land Registration, Governance, and Development: Evidence and Implications for Policy","authors":"K. Deininger, G. Feder","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKP007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKP007","url":null,"abstract":"The developmental impact of institutions to establish and maintain secure property rights to land has been a subject of much debate. The authors review the literature on the impact of land administration interventions in specific contexts, highlighting the dependence of outcomes on the governance environment, the effectiveness of the state apparatus, and the distribution of socio-economic power. There is evidence, albeit not uniform, of enhancement of tenure security through land registration with benefits manifesting themselves in higher levels of investment and productivity and a reduced need to defend land rights. Land registration has also been shown to increase activity in land rental markets, leading to higher efficiency overall. Evidence of improved access to credit, due to formalization of land rights, is scant. Even in situations where land registration had positive benefits, the literature contains little rigorous analysis of cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability of impacts. The authors conclude that formalization of land rights should not be viewed as a panacea and that interventions should be decided only after a careful diagnosis of the policy, social, and governance environment. If intervention is justified, the performance of land administration systems needs to be benchmarked in terms of coverage, cost-effectiveness, and quality of service provision.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88160360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 324

Access to financial services : measurement, impact, and policies 获得金融服务:衡量、影响和政策

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2009-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKN008

T. Beck, A. Demirguc-Kunt, P. Honohan

引用次数: 329

Rural Poverty: Old Challenges in New Contexts 农村贫困:新形势下的老挑战

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2009-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKP003

S. Dercon

{"title":"Rural Poverty: Old Challenges in New Contexts","authors":"S. Dercon","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKP003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKP003","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty is still a predominantly rural phenomenon. However, the context of rural poverty has been changing across the world, with high growth in some economies and stagnation in others. Furthermore, increased openness in many economies has affected the specific role of agricultural growth for rural poverty reduction. This paper revisits an old question : how does growth and poverty reduction come about if most of the poor live in rural areas and are dependent on agriculture? What is the role of agricultural and rural development in this respect? focusing on Sub Saharan Africa, and using economic theory and the available evidence, the author comes to the conclusion that changing contexts has meant that agricultural growth is only crucial as an engine for growth in particular settings, more specifically in landlocked, resource poor countries, which are often also characterized by relatively low potential for agriculture. However, extensive market failures in key factor markets and likely spatial effects give a remaining crucial role for rural development policies, including focusing on agriculture, to assist the inclusion of the rural poor in growth and development. How to overcome these market failures remains a key issue for further research.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78898734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 209

Can survey evidence shed light on spillovers from foreign direct investment 调查证据能否揭示外国直接投资的溢出效应

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2008-06-04 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKN006

B. Javorcik

引用次数: 151

Can Biological Factors Like Hepatitis B Explain the Bulk of Gender Imbalance in China? A Review of the Evidence 乙肝等生物学因素能解释中国性别失衡的主要原因吗?证据回顾

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2008-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKN005

M. Gupta

引用次数: 10

Industrial Location in Developing Countries 发展中国家的工业区位

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2008-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKN007

U. Deichmann, S. Lall, S. Redding, A. Venables

{"title":"Industrial Location in Developing Countries","authors":"U. Deichmann, S. Lall, S. Redding, A. Venables","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKN007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKN007","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a diminishing role in industrial countries, the manufacturing sector continues to be an engine of economic growth in most developing countries. This article surveys the evidence on the determinants of industry location in developing countries. It also employs micro data for India and Indonesia to illustrate recent spatial dynamics of manufacturing relocation within urban agglomerations. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that agglomeration benefits, market access, and infrastructure endowments in large cities outweigh the costs of congestion, higher wages, and land prices. Despite this evidence, many countries have tried to encourage industrial firms to locate in secondary cities or other lagging areas. Cross-country evidence suggests that fiscal incentives to do so rarely succeed. They appear to influence business location decisions among comparable locations, but the result may be a negative-sum game between regions and inefficiently low tax rates, which prevent public goods from being funded at sufficiently high levels. Relocation tends to be within and between agglomerations rather than from large cities to smaller cities or lagging regions. Rather than provide subsidies and tax breaks, policymakers should focus on streamlining laws and regulations to make the business environment more attractive.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89323270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 110

What can countries in other regions learn from social security reform in Latin America 其他地区的国家可以从拉丁美洲的社会保障改革中学到什么

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2007-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKM011

I. Gill, Ceren Ozer, Radu Tatucu

{"title":"What can countries in other regions learn from social security reform in Latin America","authors":"I. Gill, Ceren Ozer, Radu Tatucu","doi":"10.1093/WBRO/LKM011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/WBRO/LKM011","url":null,"abstract":"About a dozen countries in Latin America have enacted reforms that include elements being contemplated elsewhere, including the partial privatization of social security. It is not easy to draw universal lessons for social security reform from the experience of countries such as Argentina, Chile, and Mexico, however, where sizeable public pension systems went bankrupt before the populations aged, mainly because of mismanagement. Most developing economies have much smaller social security systems. Relatively well managed systems in industrial countries face problems that are long term in nature and have been brought about by an aging population. The experiences of Latin America nevertheless offer some general lessons for countries in other parts of the world. These lessons relate to changes in labor market incentives accompanying reforms and how workers react to them, government actions that have met with success in managing the transition to funded pensions, and the expectations of individuals from social security systems. Latin Americas reforms suggest that the most effective approach is to keep payroll taxes low, governments solvent, and social security systems focused on providing reasonable insurance against poverty in old age.","PeriodicalId":47647,"journal":{"name":"World Bank Research Observer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2007-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74875424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Two Comments on “Governance Indicators: Where Are We, Where Should We Be Going?” by Daniel Kaufmann and Aart Kraay 《治理指标:我们在哪里，我们应该向哪里去?》丹尼尔·考夫曼(Daniel Kaufmann)和阿特·克雷(art Kraay)的作品

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2007-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKN001

Shanta Devarajan

引用次数: 21

Domestic bond market development : the Arirang bond experience in Korea 国内债券市场的发展:韩国阿里郎债券的经验

IF 8.1 1区经济学

World Bank Research Observer Pub Date : 2007-09-17 DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKM007

J. Batten, P. Szilagyi

引用次数: 14