乙肝等生物学因素能解释中国性别失衡的主要原因吗?证据回顾

IF 8.7 1区 经济学 Q1 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
M. Gupta
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引用次数: 10

摘要

最近的一项研究挑战了东亚和南亚女孩的大量不足反映了重男轻女的假设,表明中国高达75%的女孩不足可归因于乙型肝炎(HBV)。这一说法与一项基于台湾(中国)大量医疗数据集的研究结果不一致,该研究表明,HBV感染使女性生儿子的可能性仅提高0.25%。此外,来自中国的人口统计数据显示,只有那些已经生过女儿的女性生男孩的可能性更高。这种模式使得很难理解任何生物学因素如何解释中国出生性别比失衡的很大一部分,除非能证明它以某种方式选择性地影响了那些生了女孩的人,或者导致他们先生女孩后生男孩。台湾的例子表明,乙肝病毒的情况并非如此,其影响不受先前出生的性别构成的影响。因此,这些数据支持文化而不是生物学对性别失衡的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Can Biological Factors Like Hepatitis B Explain the Bulk of Gender Imbalance in China? A Review of the Evidence
A recent study challenges the assumption that the large deficit of girls in East and South Asia reflects the preference for sons, suggesting that much of the deficit as much as 75 percent in China is attributable to hepatitis B (HBV). The claim is inconsistent with the results of a study based on a large medical data set from Taiwan (China), which indicates that HBV infection raises a woman's probability of having a son by only 0.25 percent. In addition, demographic data from China show that the only groups of women who have elevated probabilities of bearing sons are those who have already borne daughters. This pattern makes it difficult to see how any biological factor can explain a large part of the imbalance in China's sex ratios at birth, unless it can be shown that it somehow selectively affects those who have borne girls or causes them to first bear girls and then boys. The Taiwanese example suggests that this is not the case with HBV, the impact of which is unaffected by the sex composition of previous births. The data thus support the cultural rather than the biological explanation for gender imbalance.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.60
自引率
1.20%
发文量
8
期刊介绍: The World Bank Journals, including the Research Observer, boast the largest circulation among economics titles. The Research Observer is distributed freely to over 9,100 subscribers in non-OECD countries. Geared towards informing nonspecialist readers about research within and outside the Bank, it covers areas of economics relevant for development policy. Intended for policymakers, project officers, journalists, and educators, its surveys and overviews require only minimal background in economic analysis. Articles are not sent to referees but are assessed and approved by the Editorial Board, including distinguished economists from outside the Bank. The Observer has around 1,500 subscribers in OECD countries and nearly 10,000 subscribers in developing countries.
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