Population Research and Policy Review最新文献

{"title":"The Mental Cost of Food Insecurity among LGBTQ+Americans","authors":"Danielle Xiaodan Morales","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09881-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09881-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study employs insights from food justice scholarship to develop a theoretical framework aimed at comprehending the intersections of food insecurity and mental health disparities within LGBTQ + populations. The framework is empirically tested and refined, drawing upon data from a nationally representative sample of 63,190 respondents from the 2022 Household Pulse Survey. This sample includes 40% cisgender men, 58% cisgender women, and 2% transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals, with 10% identifying as non-heterosexual and 90% as heterosexual. Two distinct pathways are proposed and examined through data analysis. The first pathway reveals that LGBTQ + populations exhibit a higher prevalence of mental health challenges compared to their non-LGBTQ + counterparts. The findings also unveil nuanced mental health dynamics within LGBTQ + communities, with TGNC individuals and bisexual people demonstrating a higher susceptibility to mental health challenges. The second pathway underscores that food injustice amplifies pre-existing mental health disparities within LGBTQ + communities, particularly evident in TGNC individuals who exhibit the most significant rise in depression and anxiety disorders when facing food insecurity. Findings from this study underscore the urgent need for further research and proactive responses to comprehensively address the food inequities experienced by LGBTQ + communities. It is imperative to address the underlying discrimination and stigma that perpetuate these disparities through targeted efforts, including policy initiatives, community action initiatives, and educational programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nowhere to Launch? County-Level Correlates of Home-Leaving and Home-Returning","authors":"Cody Warner, Gregory Sharp","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09875-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09875-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coresidence with parents is now the most common living arrangement among young adults (ages 18–29) in the United States. For many, coresidence comes after first leaving home and living in an independent household. Recent shifts in these residential transitions has spurred renewed research in this area, with a focus on contemporaneous young adult characteristics, individual well-being, and the family context. Largely overlooked in this research is a consideration of the geographic context where young adults make home-leaving and home-returning decisions. Drawing on residential mobility theory and research that emphasizes features of local housing and labor markets, the present study explores if county-level characteristics are associated with the likelihood of either leaving or returning to the parental home. Using data from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, results indicate that youth are less likely to leave home, and more likely to return to it, if they live in areas with higher rental costs. Housing market characteristics also appear to be more important for home-leaving and home-returning for youth who stay in the same county, as opposed to launching to different counties. Findings thus demonstrate that contextual features should be emphasized alongside individual and family features as pathways to independent living.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Marketization and Demarketization: Reconfiguration of the Migration Industry in the Agricultural Sector in Israel","authors":"Rebeca Raijman, Nonna Kushnirovich, Yahel Kurlander","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09876-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09876-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the consequences of the implementation of a bilateral agreement between Israel and Thailand for migrant workers in the agricultural sector. Its purpose is to shed light on the key mechanisms of the transition from the marketization to demarketization of recruiting migrant workers, and to show how this transition affects the forms of labor recruitment and its consequences for the labor migrants. The study is based on three face-to-face surveys conducted among 180 agricultural workers from Thailand. Fifty-five were surveyed in 2011 before the implementation of the bilateral agreement, and 125 were interviewed after the agreement was implemented. Relying on a “before” and “after design, we first highlight the ways in which the private recruitment industry operated in Israel in the context of a state-sponsored temporary labor migration program, identifying the actors involved in the process and explaining how they profited from the labor recruitment. Second, we shed light on the importance of bilateral agreements in eliminating illicit practices for recruiting foreign workers in Israel and its practical consequences for the Thai migrants arriving under the new arrangement. We discuss our findings in light of the theories presented in the paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"2017 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravity Models for Global Migration Flows: A Predictive Evaluation","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09867-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09867-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>This study introduces a comprehensive econometric framework based on gravity equations and designed to forecast migrant flows between countries. The model’s theoretical underpinnings are validated through empirical data, and we show that the model has better out-of-sample predictive ability than alternative global models. We explore the quantitative effects of various socioeconomic, demographic, and geographic factors on migration and illustrate its use to obtain scenario-driven projections of bilateral migration, assessing the potential contributions of migration to population and GDP dynamics in Germany and Portugal for the period 2021–2025. Our projection results highlight the critical role of immigration in sustaining population levels and economic growth, particularly in the context of ageing populations and decreasing fertility rates across Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation South Asian Americans: Evidence from the American Community Survey, 2014–2018","authors":"Fizza Raza, Arthur Sakamoto","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09879-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09879-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using data from the American Community Survey for 2014–2018, we provide empirical evidence about the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of South Asian Americans. Our study investigates not only Indians, but also provides the first multivariate analyses for Bangladeshi, Nepalese, Pakistani, and Sri Lankans. The focus is on second-generation South Asians, but some descriptive statistics are shown for first-generation immigrants. In comparison to Whites, the educational distributions of first-generation immigrants are bimodal to varying degrees across the South Asian groups. However, with the exception of the Nepalese, all of the native-born South Asian groups obtain higher levels of education than Whites. Poverty among South Asian groups tends to reflect their educational levels so that poverty rates decline between the first-generation and the native-born, but second-generation Bangladeshi and Pakistani have somewhat higher than expected poverty due to family size and composition. Second-generation Indians, Pakistanis and Sri Lankans are more likely to be affluent than Whites, and these differences are partly but not fully explained by educational and other demographic characteristics. Other findings provide no support for the popular claim that the wages of second-generation South Asian groups are disadvantaged in comparison to Whites.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of P-TOPALS for Smoothing Input Data for Population Projections ‘At the Edge’","authors":"Sigurd Dyrting, Andrew Taylor, Tom Wilson","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09874-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09874-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sparsely populated areas of developed countries are regions of great demographic diversity and dynamism. While they remain strategically and economically important, trends in urbanization and technology have increased their relative sparsity and isolation making centralized government, service delivery and planning a challenge. Populations of their sub-jurisdictions are small and often exhibit significant heterogeneity in key demographic characteristics, not least between their Indigenous first residents and non-Indigenous citizens. Development of projection models for these areas is challenged by significant input data paucity, biases and structural issues related to the data collection and estimation architectures in place to gather input data across diverse and small populations. While this is the case, the demand for and importance of projections is no less for sparsely populated areas than elsewhere. Variants of the cohort component model are important tools for population projections for SPAs, with their grounding in the demographic accounting equation and modest input requirements. Nevertheless, to attain fit-for-purpose input data requires demographers to consider and select from a growing number of methods for smoothing issues with input data for projections for these regions. In this article we analyze the contributions of recent advances in methods for estimating fertility, mortality, and migration rates for small and diverse populations such as those in SPAs, focusing on the very sparsely populated jurisdiction of the Northern Territory of Australia. In addition to the contributions of our method itself, results at the detailed level demonstrate how abnormal and challenging ‘doing’ projections for sparsely populated areas can be.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s Work Characteristics and Fertility Expectations","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09866-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09866-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Previous research has shown that employment is an important social context affecting fertility, yet relatively little is known about the extent to which work characteristics affect fertility expectations. Using over 25 years of data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we analyzed the associations between part-time work and characteristics associated with autonomy over working time, specifically self-employment and managerial/professional occupation, and childbearing expectations among women ages 18–45 (<em>N</em> = 4,415). Logistic regression models for longitudinal data reveal that work characteristics are significantly associated with fertility expectations, but that the specific nature of the relationship varies by parity. Among women with one child, those working part-time had predicted probabilities of expecting to have additional children that were 2% higher than those working full-time. In contrast, among women without any children, those working part-time had predicted probabilities that were 2% lower than those working full-time. Similar contrasting relationships by parity were found when comparing self-employed women to employees and managers/professionals to those in other occupations. Findings were consistent across racial and ethnic groups. These results suggest that different mechanisms link work characteristics to fertility plans for mothers and non-mothers, specifically that role incompatibility and work-family conflict are more salient for mothers but that financial strain is so for non-mothers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140199657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spillovers of the Heroin Epidemic on Grandparent Caregiving","authors":"Agustina Laurito","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09870-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09870-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper estimates the effect of the OxyContin reformulation and the subsequent heroin crisis on grandparent caregiving in the United States—grandparents who are primarily responsible for their grandchildren. The empirical approach is a difference-in-differences and a series of event studies that exploit variation in the timing of the reformulation of OxyContin and geographic variation in pre-reformulation rates of nonmedical use of OxyContin across states. I find that a standard deviation increase in pre-reformulation nonmedical use of OxyContin leads to higher grandparent caregiving. Increases range from 2.5 to 8.5%, on average, relative to the baseline mean. This change is more pronounced among grandparents between 46 and 65 years of age. When I examine changes in heroin-related mortality as a possible mechanism, I find modest increases in grandparent caregiving when no parents are present or when no or only one parent is present of 1.80 and 1.50% of the baseline mean, on average.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140171355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untold Story of Wartime Children: Results of the Vietnam Health and Aging Study","authors":"Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel, Zachary Zimmer, Sujita Pandey, Tran Khanh Toan","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09869-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09869-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we investigate the long-term effects of the Vietnam War on physical and mental health outcomes of Vietnamese who were children (age 6 to 9 and 10 to 14), teenagers (age 15 to 19), and young adults (age 20 +) during the war, including differences by gender and military participation, and examine the ways in which these effects are moderated by age. Research has documented that the effects of war on physical and mental health may linger well into late adulthood, suggesting a scarring effect of war among wartime children in particular. However, the degree to which scarring differentially affects younger versus older children, or children versus teenagers and young adults, is not well established. Using detailed individual level health data provided by the Vietnam Health and Aging Study (VHAS), we examine the association between the age of exposure to warfare and long-term physical and mental health outcomes of affected cohorts. Our analysis shows that early childhood exposure has long-lasting detrimental effects on an array of adult health outcomes. Wartime children who were exposed before their teen years are significantly more susceptible to functional and physical limitations, and impaired ability to perform daily activities, as older adults. Our results also indicate that while war exposure associates positively with PTSD across all age cohorts, it is pre-teens that are statistically most likely to suffer in old age compared to their older counterparts, suggesting both physical and mental health could be scarred by early childhood exposure to war. Additionally, we find that male wartime children are more likely to suffer from physical limitations, while female wartime children appear to experience PTSD symptoms over the course of their lives. Moreover, children who remained civilian over the course of war disproportionally suffered adverse long-term health effects of war. Taking these findings together, they indicate the importance of post-conflict policy that prioritizes mitigating efforts aimed at improving both physical and mental health of children, particularly those at risk. These targeted post-war policies are critical for not only the post-war recovery, but also for peacekeeping operations within conflict-torn countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"9 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing Affordability Crisis and Delayed Fertility: Evidence from the USA","authors":"Irakli Japaridze, Nagham Sayour","doi":"10.1007/s11113-024-09865-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-024-09865-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the relationship between homeownership and completed fertility. We hypothesize that homeownership unaffordability decreases completed fertility by delaying the start of childbearing, thus, increasing the mother’s age at first birth. Applying a Cox Proportional Hazard model on the 2000 US Census and the 2015–2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that renters delay childbearing relative to homeowners. Using the same methodology and the 2000 US Census, we find that renters in relatively unaffordable real estate markets delay the start of childbearing more than those in more affordable ones. Lastly, we use the 1990 US Census and an Ordinary Least-Squares regression, to show that women’s age at first birth is negatively associated with completed fertility. These results provide evidence that the lack of affordable (owned) housing delays the start of childbearing which reduces completed fertility. Thus, even temporary housing unaffordability, especially difficulty to transition to homeownership, might have long-lasting effects on the age pyramid.</p>","PeriodicalId":47633,"journal":{"name":"Population Research and Policy Review","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}