Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for the Youth 8-item short form in a large sample of Finnish adolescents","authors":"Jaime Navarrete,&nbsp;Francesca Brandolin,&nbsp;Päivi Lappalainen,&nbsp;Carlos García-Rubio,&nbsp;Cláudia Ferreira,&nbsp;Juan V. Luciano,&nbsp;Raimo Lappalainen,&nbsp;Noona Kiuru","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y) and its 8-item short form (AFQ-Y8) are widely used measures of psychological inflexibility in adolescents. This study evaluated the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability of the Finnish AFQ-Y8 using an observational psychometric design with a nested RCT subsample for longitudinal analyses. The main analyses were conducted in a community sample of 885 Finnish adolescents from 15 secondary schools (aged 14-18 years; 56.2% female). To examine cross-cultural validity (measurement invariance testing), data from 246 Spanish adolescents (48.4% female) and 152 Portuguese adolescents (60.5% female) from previous AFQ-Y8 validation studies were also included. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; WLSMV estimator), multi-group CFA for measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) across gender, depression status, time, and countries, correlations with related constructs (depression, stress, mindfulness, and life satisfaction), ROC curve analyses, reliability indices (including 7-week test-retest), and the estimation of clinically useful change indices were computed. CFA supported a robust single-factor structure (CFI = .989, TLI = .985, RMSEA = .069, 90% CI [.056, .083]) and broad measurement invariance, with partial strict invariance across Finland, Spain, and Portugal. AFQ-Y8 scores correlated strongly with symptoms of depression and stress, mindfulness, and life satisfaction. The scale also demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .89, ω = .89), satisfactory test–retest reliability (ICC = .84), and promising utility for identifying depression caseness and interpreting meaningful change. These findings support the use of the AFQ-Y8 to identify and monitor psychological inflexibility in adolescents, a core process targeted in ACT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148500524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized control trial of an online ACT-based eco-anxiety and sustainable well-being course for young adults","authors":"Jeremy S. Bekker,&nbsp;Amy N. Gorniak,&nbsp;Mikaela K. Ahlstrom,&nbsp;Bryce O. Klingonsmith,&nbsp;Jared S. Warren","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Helping young people live meaningful and happy lives in a changing climate is a major challenge for modern psychology (Pereira &amp; Freire, 2021). Rates of eco-anxiety are rising in young people, with current estimates suggesting 45% of young people in the UK and the United States report that worry about climate change impacts their daily lives (Hickman et al., 2021). We created a novel online sustainable well-being course built on the tenets of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), positive psychology, and systems theory with the goal of reducing eco-anxiety and promoting subjective well-being. This article shares the results of the pilot study we completed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of this course. We hypothesized that taking the course would result in lower eco-anxiety and higher well-being in service of increased capacity for meaningful and values-directed living in the context of a changing climate. Using a randomized crossover repeated measures research design to assess pre and post effects, quantitative results indicated that participating in the course led to significant reductions in eco-anxiety and improvements in hedonic well-being, but did not lead to significant improvements in overall well-being, pro-environmental values or behavior. Qualitative results indicated that participants found the course engaging and useful. Future directions for research on sustainable well-being courses are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148843068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defusion techniques on self-referential thought in laboratory-based experimental research: A meta-analysis of believability and discomfort outcomes","authors":"Annalisa Oppo ,&nbsp;Lilian Pasquini ,&nbsp;Alberto Misitano ,&nbsp;Alice Savoia ,&nbsp;Giovambattista Presti","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Negative self-referential thoughts often acquire aversive and rigid functions through relational framing, contributing to psychological inflexibility. Cognitive defusion techniques aim to alter these verbally derived functions by reducing the extent to which thoughts govern behavior or evoke distress. Despite their centrality in ACT, no meta-analysis has focused specifically on defusion procedures applied to self-referential stimuli or on functionally distinct outcomes such as believability and discomfort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental studies conducted with adult non-clinical samples employing an isolated defusion technique and assessing believability and/or discomfort pre–post intervention were eligible for inclusion. Searches were conducted in PubMed and EBSCOhost through October 30, 2025. Risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB 2 tool. Random-effects models were applied, and subgroup analyses examined differences across defusion procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve studies (22 samples; n = 659) met inclusion criteria. Defusion produced large reductions in believability (Hedges’ g = 1.04, SE = 0.12) and discomfort (g = 1.12, SE = 0.17). Word repetition yielded larger effects on believability (g = 1.29) than other techniques (g = 0.59), with a similar pattern for discomfort (1.38 vs. 0.76).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Defusion reliably alters both discriminative (believability) and eliciting (discomfort) stimulus functions of self-referential thoughts. Differences across techniques suggest that distinct defusion procedures engage different behavioral processes, highlighting the relevance of analyzing defusion as a procedure, a process, and an outcome within a process-based CBS framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147748462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A partially hardcoded computational model of arbitrarily applicable relational responding","authors":"Matthias Raemaekers,&nbsp;Martin Finn,&nbsp;Jan De Houwer","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relational Frame Theory (RFT) has inspired a considerable body of research demonstrating fundamental aspects of arbitrarily applicable relational responding (AARR) purported to be the building blocks of human language and cognition. Current empirical research has certain limitations, however. Computational modelling allows researchers to circumvent certain practical limitations to studying (the development of) complex forms of AARR and force them to scrutinize the theory, yet limited research has sought to develop computational models of AARR. RFT can guide researchers developing computational models of AARR by emphasizing its operant and context-sensitive nature and by clarifying the nature of the learning history that is required for its development. We describe a partially hardcoded computational model of AARR inspired by RFT. By combining computational reinforcement learning with hardcoded relational knowledge, we simulate AARR as observed in a conceptual replication of the seminal Steele and Hayes (1991) study. Our results add to a growing literature modeling relational behavior and illustrate that RFT can be useful for researchers interested in computational modelling. Implications and future research directions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147956745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Acceptance & Action Diabetes Questionnaire in Spanish (AADQ-S)","authors":"Kathryn E. Kanzler ,&nbsp;Yajaira Johnson-Esparza ,&nbsp;Olivia Morris ,&nbsp;P. Adam Kelly ,&nbsp;Isiah Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Raquel L. Romero ,&nbsp;Luz M. Garcini ,&nbsp;Lilian Dindo ,&nbsp;Amber B. Amspoker","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes is a devastating disease that disproportionately affects Hispanic/Latino/Latinx (H/L) populations. Assessing factors that influence diabetes outcomes is crucial, including diabetes acceptance, which is linked to better glycemic control, improved physical and mental health, and enhanced quality of life. The Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (AADQ) is an established measure of diabetes acceptance, available in five languages. However, despite the incidence of diabetes in H/L communities being more than twice that of non-Hispanic White patients, no Spanish-language version of the AADQ currently exists. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the AADQ (AADQ-S).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The AADQ-S was developed by a team of bilingual experts following best practices for translation. To evaluate its psychometric properties, the study evaluated associations among the AADQ-S and self-reported current HbA1c, diabetes self-care (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among 144 Spanish-speaking participants at a diabetes center in the southwestern United States. Descriptive, correlational, and factor analytic models were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants (71%) reported female cis-gender identity, 54% had completed at least high school, and more than half reported an annual income below $20,000. Nearly half (43%) reported they were born in Mexico; most (76%) had unmanaged diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7%). A series of factor analyses was conducted to evaluate the structure with best fit to the data. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also calculated to evaluate internal consistency reliability. The resulting 10-item AADQ-S demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (0.85). Results indicate lower AADQ-S scores (i.e., lower diabetes acceptance) were associated with higher HbA1c (r = −0.24) and worse self-rated general health (r = −0.23). However, the AADQ-S was unrelated to days of healthy self-care (r = 0.06), indicating mixed convergent validity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study found that the AADQ-S demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and evidence of construct validity. Also discovered in this study, the link between diabetes acceptance and self-reported self-management may be more complex than previously understood, especially in marginalized populations, requiring further investigation. Limitations include the modest sample size and self-reported HbA1c. The AADQ-S allows a better understanding of diabetes acceptance, a critical target to improve assessment, treatment targets, and outcomes for H/L populations dealing with type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the network centrality hypothesis within process-based acceptance and commitment therapy – A single case experiment utilizing perceived causal networks","authors":"A. Lavefjord ,&nbsp;F.T.A. Sundström ,&nbsp;A. Hammar ,&nbsp;L. Preihs ,&nbsp;J.Clason van de Leur ,&nbsp;S. Forslund ,&nbsp;S. Scholten ,&nbsp;K. Magnusson ,&nbsp;L. Klintwall ,&nbsp;M. Buhrman ,&nbsp;L.M. McCracken","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Idiographic network analysis, assessing associations between a system of variables of interest, also called nodes, is a proposed method for personalizing psychological treatment. The aim of this study was to test the centrality hypothesis that a treatment condition delivering interventions guided by the most central network node will yield better outcomes compared to a treatment condition delivering interventions guided by the least central node. We tested this using perceived causal networks (PECAN) and focusing on psychological inflexibility processes. Effects were examined in terms of pain interference, motivation, and pain intensity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We used a single case design with multiple baselines across six participants. Therapists were blind to treatment conditions. While participants were not blind to the responses that they provided for creating the PECAN, they were blind to the resulting network and the treatment conditions. Randomization was applied to baseline length and to whether the most central node or the least central node intervention came first.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All participants had at least one outcome changing in beneficial directions in line with hypotheses. However, two participants also had one outcome each that changed in contradiction to the hypotheses.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Adapting psychological treatment by matching interventions to the most central node in a perceived causal network looks promising. However, it is unlikely that this method will always be the best matching method. We need to keep exploring additional personalization methods and under which circumstances they are efficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived experiences of therapy for anxiety: A systematic review of qualitative studies using a realist-informed approach","authors":"Tim Lindeberg ,&nbsp;Emi Patmisari ,&nbsp;Helen McLaren","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological interventions for anxiety are widely supported as effective, yet the lived processes of therapeutic change remain contextually underexplored. This systematic review synthesised qualitative studies examining clients’ accounts of therapy for anxiety. A comprehensive search across six databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) returned 3529 records. Following screening and full-text assessment, 27 studies were included in the synthesis. A realist-informed thematic approach was used to examine how specific processes enabled or constrained change across therapeutic contexts. Four categories of therapeutic mechanisms were identified: cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and relational. These were integrated into a model of <em>Therapeutic Growth</em>. Within this model, four dyadic processes captured recurrent ways in which participants described engaging with therapy over time (Reflective Action, Courageous Participation, Nurtured Expression, and Co-Constructed Meaning). Additionally, four triadic domains reflected more complex patterns in which multiple mechanisms interacted across relational and contextual conditions. <em>Therapeutic growth</em> was experienced as gradual and context-dependent, emerging through experiences of insight, emotional safety, behavioural engagement, and relational connection. This review offers a process-oriented account of how therapy for anxiety may support change. The <em>Therapeutic Growth</em> model may assist practitioners in identifying which cognitive, emotional, behavioural, or relational processes are most salient for a given client and how these processes might be supported flexibly over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147748459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for distress in university students with chronic physical health conditions: a single-arm feasibility study of an app-based intervention’ [Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 40 (2026) 100994]","authors":"Vasiliki Gkofa ,&nbsp;Emma Godfrey ,&nbsp;Whitney Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of perceived discrimination and affirmation in LGBQ people: Heterosexism during childhood and interoceptive awareness as individual contexts","authors":"Eddie S.K. Chong ,&nbsp;Shuk Kwan Po ,&nbsp;Seong Man Ho ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Skinta","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined how two person-level contextual factors, heterosexism during childhood and interoceptive awareness, shape LGBQ individuals’ psychophysiological responses to perceived everyday discrimination and affirmation. Situated within minority stress and social safeness perspectives, and guided by an idionomic approach to within-person heterogeneity, we investigated both the prospective associations of these factors with health indicators and their moderating roles in momentary responses. A sample of 141 LGBQ adults in Hong Kong completed baseline measures of early exposure to heterosexism and interoceptive awareness before participating in a recall-based, repeated-measures lab task involving discrimination, affirmation, and neutral writing conditions. Outcomes included LGBQ collective self-esteem, rumination, affect, somatic distress, and heart rate variability (HRV). Both early heterosexism and interoceptive awareness prospectively predicted nearly all self-reported outcomes in expected directions. Moderation analyses showed that, among individuals with greater early heterosexism, the beneficial effects of perceived affirmation on LGBQ collective self-esteem, rumination, and negative affect were smaller whereas the adversarial effects of perceived discrimination on somatic distress and a frequency-domain HRV indicator were larger. In contrast, the moderating role of interoceptive awareness was limited to positive affect with unexpected simple effects. Effects on HRV indicators were inconclusive. Findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed and body-oriented approaches in clinical and community services for LGBQ people. These results also underscore the value of assessing contextual antecedents for advancing LGBQ health research and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-based therapy in an interdisciplinary framework for pain recovery: from psychological processes to interdisciplinary processes","authors":"Klara Albajes ,&nbsp;Valentina Barrios ,&nbsp;Eduardo Keegan ,&nbsp;Jenny Moix ,&nbsp;Mariana Miracco ,&nbsp;Lester Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new psychosocial approach has recently been proposed to overcome the limitations and challenges of psychological pain therapy research. Process-based Therapy is an intervention model focusing on therapeutic processes, based on a testable theory, which promotes individualisation by adopting a dynamic and timely approach to the selection of intervention treatment procedures. Although this framework already incorporates a biopsychosocial foundation, its application has so far been primarily confined to psychological intervention. However, the use of an interdisciplinary team approach has been well-established as both effective and cost-efficient in addressing the multiple dimensions of pain. Building upon the biopsychosocial principles of Process-based Therapy, the present proposal introduces an interdisciplinary enhancement—Process-based Interdisciplinary Therapy (PbIT)—to extend its implementation to coordinated, multi-domain pain recovery. Socio-demographic and mediating variables, together with specific therapeutic strategies and interventions, are key elements to integrate all biopsychosocial factors in a therapeutic context. The interdisciplinary approach presented provides an expanded Process-based Therapy that further operationalises and reinforces the biopsychosocial model of pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}