Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science最新文献

{"title":"Charting behavioral cascades from difficult experiences to well-being or distress: Testing the unified flexibility & mindfulness model with network analyses of longitudinal change","authors":"Ronald D. Rogge,&nbsp;Alexandra Garlock,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used 2-wave longitudinal data to evaluate the Unified Flexibility &amp; Mindfulness (UFM) model – a model serving as a conceptual bridge between the mindfulness and ACT literatures. A sample of 1242 adults living in the US (76 % female, 84 % White, 70 % heterosexual, M(age) = 50.7 years, SD = 18.3 years, 31 % with a bachelor's degree, 46 % with a graduate degree, 23 % with an associate's degree or less) completed two 30-min online surveys roughly one month apart. Results of network analyses run on change scores of the 14 behavioral repertoires of the UFM were supportive of the model. Proximal associations emerged tracing a possible adaptive mechanistic chain linking increases in engaging mindful lenses to promote awareness of difficult experiences (describing, observing, present moment awareness) to corresponding increases in flexible decentering of those difficult experiences (acceptance, self-as-context, defusion), to increases in value-driven behavior even in the midst of difficult experiences and setbacks (maintaining contact with values, committed action toward goals), to increases in well-being (life satisfaction, peace of mind, effective coping, subjective happiness). Proximal associations emerged outlining a possible maladaptive mechanistic chain linking increases in the use of an inattentive/distracted lens (lack of present moment awareness) to increases in defensively reacting to difficult experiences (experiential avoidance, fusion, self-as-content), to increases in aimless and haphazard behavior in the face of difficult experiences (losing touch with values, getting stuck in inaction), to decreases in well-being and increases in psychological distress (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress). The results highlighted the processes of the two center stages of the UFM model (fusion, defusion, maintaining contact with values) as some of the most central and influential processes, suggesting that improvement on those processes would likely facilitate improvement on a number of nearby upstream and downstream processes. Implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal associations between perceived coparenting and Chinese adolescents’ wisdom: The role of peer attachment and psychological flexibility","authors":"Hongyi Lin ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Fengyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wisdom refers to a global psychological quality acquired through experience and practice, grounded in intelligence and knowledge, that integrates virtue (manifesting prosocial in virtuous motivation, means, and results toward the common good) and wit (synthesizing practical knowledge, intelligence, and strategic thinking for effective problem-solving). Despite the proliferation of approaches to foster human wisdom, a range of family-related measures (e.g., coparenting, which refers to the collaborative activities of all adults responsible for raising children) are still lacking. Drawing on family systems theory and the theory of wisdom that integrates virtue and wit, this study examined the longitudinal relationships between perceived coparenting and adolescent wisdom, as well as the serial mediating roles of peer attachment and psychological flexibility, across four waves (<em>N</em> = 510, 51.8 % boys; 3-month intervals). As expected, we found that both paternal and maternal coparenting behaviors were significantly directly related to adolescent wisdom 9 months later. Additionally, perceived coparenting was related to adolescent wisdom through the mediating effects of peer attachment and psychological flexibility and the sequential mediating effects of peer attachment and psychological flexibility. These findings expand our understanding of the theoretical mechanism underlying the relationship between perceived coparenting and adolescent wisdom. Moreover, future wisdom education or psychological counseling should consider the importance of peer factors and psychological flexibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145580043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the use of Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor-Value (DNA-V) model for children and young people with mental health difficulties","authors":"Gary Byrne ,&nbsp;Clara Sherlock","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous reviews have found that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may be an effective intervention for children and young people (CYP) presenting with mental health difficulties. However the heterogeneity in treatment protocols and interventions limits interpretations. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an approach developed specifically for CYP; the Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor and Value (DNA-V) model. Databases were searched for studies using the DNA-V model across a number of treatment settings for a range of common mental health and academic difficulties faced by CYP. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. These were also assessed for quality and synthesized using a narrative summary. Outcomes on mental health findings were decidedly mixed. Results favoured DNA-V in addressing anxiety issues but limited evidence for its effectiveness in targeting low mood was reported. Tentative evidence suggests that the model may be of help for students facing academic related stressors. Limited evidence was found that DNA-V targeted specific psychological flexibility processes or changed psychological inflexibility. Despite the increased scope and potential use of DNA-V across many differing settings, findings from the current review are mixed in terms of the effectiveness of the approach for common mental health difficulties among CYP. Possible reasons for this, in addition to future suggestions are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publicly available acceptance and commitment therapy mobile apps: Systematic search and assessment","authors":"Serena Thapar,&nbsp;Daniela Quesada,&nbsp;Bärbel Knäuper","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100974","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy with demonstrated effectiveness across a range of mental health conditions. Healthcare professionals, researchers, and commercial developers have identified mobile health technologies as a promising avenue for expanding access to ACT. Despite the emergence of ACT-based smartphone apps, no studies have systematically evaluated their content, usability, and theoretical fidelity. The absence of standardized evaluation frameworks limits their clinical integration and the potential for iterative improvement.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to systematically assess the features, functionality, theoretical congruence, and data privacy practices of publicly available, ACT-based mobile apps, designed for independent or adjunctive use, available in major app stores.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A systematic search was conducted in January 2025 using AppTweak to identify ACT-based apps in the Canadian Apple App Store and Google Play Store. Apps meeting the inclusion criteria were downloaded and assessed on either a Samsung Galaxy A15 (Android 14) or iPhone 13 (iOS 17.6.1). Eligible apps included those offering ACT content for independent use or recommended use alongside therapy, without requiring therapist facilitation. A custom assessment framework consisting of 49 criteria was developed by the research team to evaluate general characteristics, ACT fidelity, and technical quality. The Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess usability. Data extraction and ratings were conducted independently by two reviewers. The results were reported as a narrative review using descriptive statistics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The initial search yielded 200 apps, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria and were systematically assessed. All apps addressed at least one ACT process, with all apps covering acceptance, present-moment awareness, and committed action to varying degrees. The average MARS score across the apps was 3.63, with app engagement rated the lowest across apps. Most relied heavily on text-based content and psychoeducation, journaling, and guided meditations, with limited use of highly interactive or visual modalities. While most apps offered an accessible privacy policy, fewer were transparent about third-party data sharing practices. Clinician involvement in app development was common. Importantly, no apps had published peer-reviewed evidence of effectiveness.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Publicly available smartphone apps show promise for delivering ACT-related content at scale, whether as standalone tools or companions to ongoing therapy, but vary widely in theoretical fidelity, user engagement, and transparency of privacy policies. Most apps lack scaffolding to support skill development across the ACT processes and do not leverage multimedia or interactive design to enhance expe","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Deictic) relational responding is not related to autism traits in the general population","authors":"Maura Nevejans ,&nbsp;Jamie Cummins ,&nbsp;Jan De Houwer ,&nbsp;Emiel Cracco ,&nbsp;Jan R. Wiersema","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relational Frame Theory (RFT) proposes that a specific type of relational responding, namely “deictic” relating, is critically involved in perspective-taking and Theory of Mind (ToM). Therefore, it has been proposed that presumed ToM difficulties experienced by individuals with autism may be attributed to difficulties with deictic relating. However, rigorous studies testing whether altered deictic relating is associated with autism are lacking. To this end, we conducted two experiments (<em>N</em>_exp1 = 134, <em>N</em>_exp2 = 120) in which we tested the relationship between autism traits and performance on different types of relational responding, including deictic relating, in a general population sample. In Experiment 1, we investigated the relationship between autism traits and performance on eight types of relational responding via an improved version of the Relational Abilities Index (RAI). In Experiment 2, we adjusted the deictic relating scale to include stimulus functions more directly relevant to perspective-taking. Contrary to our predictions, deictic relating did not correlate significantly with autism traits. Moreover, none of the other RAI subscales correlated reliably with autism traits. These findings question the claims made by RFT about the relationship between autism and relational responding and warrant a reassessment of the accuracy of this position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal pilot evaluation of valued living: An acceptance and commitment therapy-based digital mental health intervention for autistic adults","authors":"Ty B. Aller ,&nbsp;Heather H. Kelley ,&nbsp;Korena S. Klimczak ,&nbsp;Benjamin P. Covington ,&nbsp;Michael E. Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) are scalable, accessible, and easily contextualized to the needs of autistic adults, making them a promising resource to help address common barriers to high quality mental health supports. The current preregistered study employs an open trial design and a mixed methods approach to assess the preliminary efficacy of a DMHI among <em>N</em> = 56 autistic adults. The co-created DMHI contains six sessions based in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), in a skills-training context, aiming to improve subjective wellbeing and quality of life. We found that changes in subjective wellbeing were observed at post-test (4-weeks following baseline), but these changes were not maintained at follow-up (10-weeks following baseline). However, changes in quality of life were observed at post-test and maintained at follow-up. Changes were also observed in our secondary outcomes, including psychological distress and psychological flexibility, most of which were maintained at follow-up. The current study provides preliminary support for the efficacy of an ACT-based DMHI to improve subjective wellbeing and quality of life among autistic adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the fundamental processes underlying interventions designed to promote athletes’ performance and well-being: A contextual behavioral science perspective","authors":"Tomer Gutman ,&nbsp;Matthieu Villatte ,&nbsp;Chun-Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interventions in sport psychology are designed to support athletes’ performance and well-being. These interventions are grounded in various theoretical approaches, differ in terminology, and may be delivered at the individual, interpersonal, or organizational level. However, many remain centered on midlevel terms and higher order theoretical constructs and do not sufficiently engage with the underlying linguistic and behavioral processes that shape intervention outcomes. This paper aims to explore these foundational processes through the lens of Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS) and Relational Frame Theory (RFT). CBS views behavior as influenced by the context in which it occurs, whereas RFT examines the underlying mechanisms involved in the development and structure of language. Together with the pragmatic functional contextualism philosophy, these frameworks offer an integrated process-based perspective that may enhance the effectiveness of both intervention research and applied practice in sport psychology. Two case studies, one focusing on the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment protocol and another on the cultivation of adaptive thinking, along with three widely used frameworks—goal setting, mastery-oriented motivational climate, and mental health awareness—are explored to demonstrate how CBS-RFT principles are embedded within them. By grounding intervention exploration in fundamental processes, this perspective aims to bridge CBS-RFT principles and applied sport psychology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The compassion connection: Experience sampling insights into romantic attraction” [Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (2024) Volume 32]","authors":"J. Ciarrochi ,&nbsp;B. Sahdra ,&nbsp;M.I. Fraser ,&nbsp;S.C. Hayes ,&nbsp;K. Yap ,&nbsp;A.T. Gloster","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100980","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rule-based insensitivity to contingencies according to self-reported generalized pliance/tracking and the instruction functions","authors":"Esmeralda Martínez-Carrillo,&nbsp;Francisco J. Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rule-based insensitivity to contingencies is a behavioral phenomenon in which participants instructed to respond correctly exhibit lower sensitivity to changing contingencies compared to those who learn through trial and error. A recent review highlighted a bias in the literature, suggesting that trial-and-error participants may follow rules that are similar to those followed by individuals who have learned through explicit instruction. Furthermore, two types of rule-following, pliance and tracking, are believed to influence this insensitivity, but the analysis has incurred the conceptual shortcoming of defining these rules from the experimenter's perspective instead of focusing on the functions the rules have for participants. This study aimed to address these limitations by asking participants about the task functions at the end of the experiment and by recruiting those with self-reported generalized pliance and tracking. Ninety participants completed a matching-to-sample task in two conditions: General Instruction (GI) and General Instruction + Responding Criteria (GI + RC; i.e., explicit instruction indicating how to respond correctly). As expected, the GI + RC group showed less sensitivity to changing contingencies. Interestingly, about one-third of GI participants believed they had responding criteria, behaving similarly to the GI + RC group. There were no sensitivity differences between high pliance and high tracking participants, but pliance participants were more motivated to follow instructions and earn points. This study builds upon previous research by examining participants' rule-following in the trial-and-error condition and highlighting the varying functions of traditional tasks for high pliance and tracking individuals. These differences might increase insensitivity in pliance participants, but also enhance their sensitivity by heightening their motivation for the arbitrary reinforcement of the task</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological flexibility and rigidity among Ukrainian military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder and adjustment disorder","authors":"Dmytro I. Boiko,&nbsp;Anastasiia D. Shkodina","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This observational cross-sectional study examined psychological flexibility and rigidity in Ukrainian military personnel participating in the Russian-Ukrainian war. A total of 129 male combatants were divided into three groups: those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, n = 63), those with adjustment disorder (n = 36), and a control group without mental disorders (n = 30). Psychological flexibility and rigidity were assessed using the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Results demonstrated that combatants with PTSD exhibited the lowest psychological flexibility and highest psychological rigidity compared to the control group. Participants with adjustment disorder showed intermediate levels of psychological flexibility between the PTSD and control groups, while maintaining elevated psychological rigidity comparable to the PTSD group. Significant differences were observed across all components of psychological flexibility and rigidity except for acceptance and experiential avoidance, which were similar across all groups. Notably, combatants with PTSD showed significantly higher levels of cognitive fusion and inaction compared to those with adjustment disorder. These findings highlight psychological flexibility as a potential therapeutic target for military personnel with stress-associated mental disorders and suggest that targeted interventions enhancing specific psychological flexibility components may constitute an efficacious approach to addressing combat stress sequelae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}