Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science最新文献

{"title":"Defusion techniques on self-referential thought in laboratory-based experimental research: A meta-analysis of believability and discomfort outcomes","authors":"Annalisa Oppo ,&nbsp;Lilian Pasquini ,&nbsp;Alberto Misitano ,&nbsp;Alice Savoia ,&nbsp;Giovambattista Presti","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Negative self-referential thoughts often acquire aversive and rigid functions through relational framing, contributing to psychological inflexibility. Cognitive defusion techniques aim to alter these verbally derived functions by reducing the extent to which thoughts govern behavior or evoke distress. Despite their centrality in ACT, no meta-analysis has focused specifically on defusion procedures applied to self-referential stimuli or on functionally distinct outcomes such as believability and discomfort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental studies conducted with adult non-clinical samples employing an isolated defusion technique and assessing believability and/or discomfort pre–post intervention were eligible for inclusion. Searches were conducted in PubMed and EBSCOhost through October 30, 2025. Risk of bias was evaluated using the RoB 2 tool. Random-effects models were applied, and subgroup analyses examined differences across defusion procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twelve studies (22 samples; n = 659) met inclusion criteria. Defusion produced large reductions in believability (Hedges’ g = 1.04, SE = 0.12) and discomfort (g = 1.12, SE = 0.17). Word repetition yielded larger effects on believability (g = 1.29) than other techniques (g = 0.59), with a similar pattern for discomfort (1.38 vs. 0.76).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Defusion reliably alters both discriminative (believability) and eliciting (discomfort) stimulus functions of self-referential thoughts. Differences across techniques suggest that distinct defusion procedures engage different behavioral processes, highlighting the relevance of analyzing defusion as a procedure, a process, and an outcome within a process-based CBS framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147748462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Acceptance & Action Diabetes Questionnaire in Spanish (AADQ-S)","authors":"Kathryn E. Kanzler ,&nbsp;Yajaira Johnson-Esparza ,&nbsp;Olivia Morris ,&nbsp;P. Adam Kelly ,&nbsp;Isiah Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Raquel L. Romero ,&nbsp;Luz M. Garcini ,&nbsp;Lilian Dindo ,&nbsp;Amber B. Amspoker","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes is a devastating disease that disproportionately affects Hispanic/Latino/Latinx (H/L) populations. Assessing factors that influence diabetes outcomes is crucial, including diabetes acceptance, which is linked to better glycemic control, improved physical and mental health, and enhanced quality of life. The Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire (AADQ) is an established measure of diabetes acceptance, available in five languages. However, despite the incidence of diabetes in H/L communities being more than twice that of non-Hispanic White patients, no Spanish-language version of the AADQ currently exists. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the AADQ (AADQ-S).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The AADQ-S was developed by a team of bilingual experts following best practices for translation. To evaluate its psychometric properties, the study evaluated associations among the AADQ-S and self-reported current HbA1c, diabetes self-care (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among 144 Spanish-speaking participants at a diabetes center in the southwestern United States. Descriptive, correlational, and factor analytic models were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants (71%) reported female cis-gender identity, 54% had completed at least high school, and more than half reported an annual income below $20,000. Nearly half (43%) reported they were born in Mexico; most (76%) had unmanaged diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7%). A series of factor analyses was conducted to evaluate the structure with best fit to the data. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also calculated to evaluate internal consistency reliability. The resulting 10-item AADQ-S demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (0.85). Results indicate lower AADQ-S scores (i.e., lower diabetes acceptance) were associated with higher HbA1c (r = −0.24) and worse self-rated general health (r = −0.23). However, the AADQ-S was unrelated to days of healthy self-care (r = 0.06), indicating mixed convergent validity.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study found that the AADQ-S demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and evidence of construct validity. Also discovered in this study, the link between diabetes acceptance and self-reported self-management may be more complex than previously understood, especially in marginalized populations, requiring further investigation. Limitations include the modest sample size and self-reported HbA1c. The AADQ-S allows a better understanding of diabetes acceptance, a critical target to improve assessment, treatment targets, and outcomes for H/L populations dealing with type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the network centrality hypothesis within process-based acceptance and commitment therapy – A single case experiment utilizing perceived causal networks","authors":"A. Lavefjord ,&nbsp;F.T.A. Sundström ,&nbsp;A. Hammar ,&nbsp;L. Preihs ,&nbsp;J.Clason van de Leur ,&nbsp;S. Forslund ,&nbsp;S. Scholten ,&nbsp;K. Magnusson ,&nbsp;L. Klintwall ,&nbsp;M. Buhrman ,&nbsp;L.M. McCracken","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Idiographic network analysis, assessing associations between a system of variables of interest, also called nodes, is a proposed method for personalizing psychological treatment. The aim of this study was to test the centrality hypothesis that a treatment condition delivering interventions guided by the most central network node will yield better outcomes compared to a treatment condition delivering interventions guided by the least central node. We tested this using perceived causal networks (PECAN) and focusing on psychological inflexibility processes. Effects were examined in terms of pain interference, motivation, and pain intensity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We used a single case design with multiple baselines across six participants. Therapists were blind to treatment conditions. While participants were not blind to the responses that they provided for creating the PECAN, they were blind to the resulting network and the treatment conditions. Randomization was applied to baseline length and to whether the most central node or the least central node intervention came first.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All participants had at least one outcome changing in beneficial directions in line with hypotheses. However, two participants also had one outcome each that changed in contradiction to the hypotheses.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Adapting psychological treatment by matching interventions to the most central node in a perceived causal network looks promising. However, it is unlikely that this method will always be the best matching method. We need to keep exploring additional personalization methods and under which circumstances they are efficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived experiences of therapy for anxiety: A systematic review of qualitative studies using a realist-informed approach","authors":"Tim Lindeberg ,&nbsp;Emi Patmisari ,&nbsp;Helen McLaren","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological interventions for anxiety are widely supported as effective, yet the lived processes of therapeutic change remain contextually underexplored. This systematic review synthesised qualitative studies examining clients’ accounts of therapy for anxiety. A comprehensive search across six databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) returned 3529 records. Following screening and full-text assessment, 27 studies were included in the synthesis. A realist-informed thematic approach was used to examine how specific processes enabled or constrained change across therapeutic contexts. Four categories of therapeutic mechanisms were identified: cognitive, emotional, behavioural, and relational. These were integrated into a model of <em>Therapeutic Growth</em>. Within this model, four dyadic processes captured recurrent ways in which participants described engaging with therapy over time (Reflective Action, Courageous Participation, Nurtured Expression, and Co-Constructed Meaning). Additionally, four triadic domains reflected more complex patterns in which multiple mechanisms interacted across relational and contextual conditions. <em>Therapeutic growth</em> was experienced as gradual and context-dependent, emerging through experiences of insight, emotional safety, behavioural engagement, and relational connection. This review offers a process-oriented account of how therapy for anxiety may support change. The <em>Therapeutic Growth</em> model may assist practitioners in identifying which cognitive, emotional, behavioural, or relational processes are most salient for a given client and how these processes might be supported flexibly over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147748459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for distress in university students with chronic physical health conditions: a single-arm feasibility study of an app-based intervention’ [Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 40 (2026) 100994]","authors":"Vasiliki Gkofa ,&nbsp;Emma Godfrey ,&nbsp;Whitney Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.101000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of perceived discrimination and affirmation in LGBQ people: Heterosexism during childhood and interoceptive awareness as individual contexts","authors":"Eddie S.K. Chong ,&nbsp;Shuk Kwan Po ,&nbsp;Seong Man Ho ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Skinta","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined how two person-level contextual factors, heterosexism during childhood and interoceptive awareness, shape LGBQ individuals’ psychophysiological responses to perceived everyday discrimination and affirmation. Situated within minority stress and social safeness perspectives, and guided by an idionomic approach to within-person heterogeneity, we investigated both the prospective associations of these factors with health indicators and their moderating roles in momentary responses. A sample of 141 LGBQ adults in Hong Kong completed baseline measures of early exposure to heterosexism and interoceptive awareness before participating in a recall-based, repeated-measures lab task involving discrimination, affirmation, and neutral writing conditions. Outcomes included LGBQ collective self-esteem, rumination, affect, somatic distress, and heart rate variability (HRV). Both early heterosexism and interoceptive awareness prospectively predicted nearly all self-reported outcomes in expected directions. Moderation analyses showed that, among individuals with greater early heterosexism, the beneficial effects of perceived affirmation on LGBQ collective self-esteem, rumination, and negative affect were smaller whereas the adversarial effects of perceived discrimination on somatic distress and a frequency-domain HRV indicator were larger. In contrast, the moderating role of interoceptive awareness was limited to positive affect with unexpected simple effects. Effects on HRV indicators were inconclusive. Findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed and body-oriented approaches in clinical and community services for LGBQ people. These results also underscore the value of assessing contextual antecedents for advancing LGBQ health research and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process-based therapy in an interdisciplinary framework for pain recovery: from psychological processes to interdisciplinary processes","authors":"Klara Albajes ,&nbsp;Valentina Barrios ,&nbsp;Eduardo Keegan ,&nbsp;Jenny Moix ,&nbsp;Mariana Miracco ,&nbsp;Lester Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new psychosocial approach has recently been proposed to overcome the limitations and challenges of psychological pain therapy research. Process-based Therapy is an intervention model focusing on therapeutic processes, based on a testable theory, which promotes individualisation by adopting a dynamic and timely approach to the selection of intervention treatment procedures. Although this framework already incorporates a biopsychosocial foundation, its application has so far been primarily confined to psychological intervention. However, the use of an interdisciplinary team approach has been well-established as both effective and cost-efficient in addressing the multiple dimensions of pain. Building upon the biopsychosocial principles of Process-based Therapy, the present proposal introduces an interdisciplinary enhancement—Process-based Interdisciplinary Therapy (PbIT)—to extend its implementation to coordinated, multi-domain pain recovery. Socio-demographic and mediating variables, together with specific therapeutic strategies and interventions, are key elements to integrate all biopsychosocial factors in a therapeutic context. The interdisciplinary approach presented provides an expanded Process-based Therapy that further operationalises and reinforces the biopsychosocial model of pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating racial bias in a White sample using a prophylactic functional response class training method","authors":"Denise Aparecida Passarelli ,&nbsp;Júlio C. de Rose ,&nbsp;Táhcita Medrado Mizael ,&nbsp;Bryan Roche","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Racial biases can be captured using self-report methods and simulated first-person shooter games, such as Correll's Police Officer's Dilemma Task (PODT). The current study adopts a behavior-analytic approach to reducing racial bias on such measures. The prophylactic intervention involved exposing 116 White adults (mean age: 23.13 years; 67 females) to different configurations of the Function Acquisition Speed Test (FAST) across four conditions, before completing two self-report measures and the PODT. These conditions aimed to create functional response classes that were either consistent with racial bias, inconsistent with racial bias, or included both types (i.e., relational flexibility). A fourth control condition involved no intervention. Participants in the stereotype-consistent condition (C3) were more accurate in shooting armed Black targets compared to White targets. In addition, participants in both the stereotype-consistent (C3) and control (C4) groups showed significantly more false alarms for unarmed Black targets than for unarmed White targets, as well as a significantly more liberal decision criterion when responding to Black targets, meaning participants required less certainty before deciding to shoot Black targets. No such racial bias was observed in relational flexibility (C1) or stereotype-inconsistent (C2) conditions. These findings offer insight into how verbal relational training can influence and reduce racial bias in shoot decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Same or different: Teaching nonarbitrary relational responding to preschoolers with disabilities","authors":"Xiaoyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Maithri Sivaraman ,&nbsp;Kristina Chen ,&nbsp;Elle Kirsten","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2026.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying similarities and differences between stimuli is a foundational skill in early childhood and a critical component of preschool curricula. Relational Frame Theory describes such responding based on formal properties as being foundational to language. However, research indicates that children with developmental disabilities and language delays may not readily acquire same/different relational responding (Kent et al., 2017). This study employed a concurrent multiple-probe design to examine the effectiveness of Multiple Exemplar Instruction (MEI) in teaching nonarbitrary same/different relational responding across two types of speaker and listener responses to three preschoolers with disabilities. Results showed that all participants demonstrated increased accuracy in same/different responses to novel stimuli following the intervention. Furthermore, two of our participants met mastery criterion on nonarbitrary analogy without direct teaching. These findings add to the literature on using MEI across topographies to promote relational responding in young children with language delays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological flexibility, parental competence, and prosociality in caregivers of children with special health care needs: A network analysis of family functioning and child outcomes","authors":"Pui Tik Yau ,&nbsp;Andrew T. Gloster ,&nbsp;Wai Tong Chien ,&nbsp;Yuen Yu Chong","doi":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcbs.2025.100970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parents of children with special health care needs (CSHCN) experience considerable caregiving stressors that can be related to parental psychological well-being, child behavioral adjustment, and family functioning. This cross-sectional study examined the interrelationships among parenting competence, parental psychological flexibility, and parental prosociality using network analysis to explore their mechanisms in relation to caregiving outcomes. Baseline data from 242 parents enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating the Prosocial-oriented Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT) program were analyzed. Stepwise hierarchical regression analyses indicated that psychological flexibility (β = .32; P &lt; .001), parenting competence (β = .32; P &lt; .001), and parental prosociality (β = .17; P = .002) collectively explained 41.4 % of the variance in parental well-being. Parenting competence (β = −.36; P &lt; .001) and parental prosociality (β = −.18; P = .003) accounted for 33.7 % of the variance in child internalizing and externalizing problems, while parental prosociality (β = .22; P &lt; .001) and psychological flexibility (β = .21; P = .002) explained 23.7 % of the variance in child prosocial behavior. The network indicated that psychological flexibility processes, particularly the values and committed action, as the most central and influential nodes, serving as a pathway linking the relationships among all variables. These findings underscore the relevance of parenting competence and potentially trainable processes such as psychological flexibility and prosociality in relation to caregiving outcomes. Integrating these processes into therapeutic interventions may offer a promising approach; however, the findings are correlational and cross-sectional. Longitudinal and experimental research is needed to clarify temporal ordering and potential causal pathways and to refine intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47544,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100970"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}