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Head Injury and Antisocial Personality Features in a Sample of Juvenile Detainees 青少年在押人员头部损伤与反社会人格特征
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/15412040231181349
Victoria Laugalis, Eric J. Connolly
{"title":"Head Injury and Antisocial Personality Features in a Sample of Juvenile Detainees","authors":"Victoria Laugalis, Eric J. Connolly","doi":"10.1177/15412040231181349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040231181349","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has reported high prevalence rates of head injury amongst juvenile justice involved youth and relations between head injury and different forms of offending. However, little is currently known about the extent to which head injury is associated with antisocial personality features – characteristics that are strongly correlated with adult antisocial personality disorder symptomatology. The current study aimed to address this void in the existing body of research by analyzing a longitudinal sample of juvenile detainees ( N = 881) to examine the relationship between head injury during childhood or early adolescence and a wide range of antisocial personality features in late adolescence. Results from a series of logistic regression models reveal that head injury is associated with impulsivity and aggression more than other features of antisocial personality. The implications of these results for juvenile justice intervention programming and avenues for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42519250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prosecutor Decision-Making Following Juvenile Life Without Parole Sentencing Reform 少年不得假释终身监禁量刑改革后的检察官决策
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/15412040231173345
Leah Ouellet, Jennifer Wareham
{"title":"Prosecutor Decision-Making Following Juvenile Life Without Parole Sentencing Reform","authors":"Leah Ouellet, Jennifer Wareham","doi":"10.1177/15412040231173345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040231173345","url":null,"abstract":"Prosecutors play an integral role in implementing sentencing reform measures in the United States. Following the Supreme Court’s recent restrictions of the use of life without parole sentences for juveniles (JLWOP), county prosecutors in Michigan were tasked with initiating resentencing proceedings by filing sentencing motions for individuals who were currently serving JLWOP (so-called “juvenile lifers”). These motions intimated whether, following the changes in sentencing policy, the prosecutor sought a new life without parole sentence or if they consented to the default term-of-years sentence that would allow a juvenile lifer an opportunity for release. In this paper, we analyze the best-fitting characteristics predicting prosecutor filing decisions. Guided by the focal concerns framework, we ultimately find evidence that prosecutors made filing decisions in ways that were consistent with their existing decision-making schema, relying on characteristics that aligned with typical conceptions of blameworthiness and dangerousness. Prosecutors’ decisions were not associated with characteristics reflecting the new guidance or mitigative logics provided by Supreme Court’s rulings, such as age and immaturity. We conclude that prosecutors’ implementation of sentencing reform measures is constrained by the extent that new policy parameters overlap with existing focal concerns and provide several policy recommendations for addressing this issue.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"325 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48429348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Latent Profiles of Responding on the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 Subscale Scores by Race/Ethnicity among Juvenile Justice-Involved Boys and Girls 马萨诸塞州青少年筛查工具的潜在反应概况——参与青少年司法的男孩和女孩按种族/民族划分的2分量表
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1177/15412040231153116
Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Crosby A. Modrowski, P. Kerig, Robyn E Kilshaw, Christopher Cambron, Ashley K. Allen
{"title":"Latent Profiles of Responding on the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 Subscale Scores by Race/Ethnicity among Juvenile Justice-Involved Boys and Girls","authors":"Jeremiah W. Jaggers, Crosby A. Modrowski, P. Kerig, Robyn E Kilshaw, Christopher Cambron, Ashley K. Allen","doi":"10.1177/15412040231153116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040231153116","url":null,"abstract":"The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument (MAYSI-2) is one of the most widely utilized screening measures for detecting mental health concerns among youth entering juvenile detention settings. Previous research has demonstrated clear patterns of sex differences in the severity of mental health symptoms among detained boys and girls. However, few studies have examined potential racial or ethnic differences in MAYSI-2 scores, which is a significant limitation. This study examined sex and racial/ethnic differences in patterns of youth responses on the MAYSI-2. Data were collected from a total of 5417 youth detained in a short-term detention facility in the Mountain West. Results of latent profile analyses demonstrated that, among both boys and girls, youths’ racial/ethnic identity was associated with distinct patterns of responding on the MAYSI-2. These findings have implications for informing screening in the juvenile justice system and increasing recognition and response to ethnic/racial and sex differences among detained youth.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"350 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Barriers to School Reentry: Perceptions of School Reentry Among Detained and Committed Youth 重返校园的障碍：在押青少年重返校园的认知
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221147017
K. Noorman, Julie Brancale
{"title":"Barriers to School Reentry: Perceptions of School Reentry Among Detained and Committed Youth","authors":"K. Noorman, Julie Brancale","doi":"10.1177/15412040221147017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221147017","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile justice-involved youth, despite their history of poor academic performance, have high educational aspirations for their post-release life. However, few expect to meet their educational aspirations. Barriers in the transition from the juvenile justice setting to the community contribute to the disconnect between youths’ educational aspirations and expectations. However, to date, few studies have included the perspectives of incarcerated youth in assessing barriers to educational attainment. This study addresses the gap in the literature using data from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement to examine self-reported barriers to meeting the educational aspiration of attending at least some college. Results indicate a lack of interest in school among juvenile justice-involved youth to be the most prevalent and significant barrier to higher educational expectations, despite self-reported high aspirations. We discuss policy implications to improve the reentry process and increase school attachment.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"175 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48017073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Empirical Test of Dual System Pathways 双系统路径的实证检验
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221138042
D. Herz, A. Eastman, Himal Suthar
{"title":"An Empirical Test of Dual System Pathways","authors":"D. Herz, A. Eastman, Himal Suthar","doi":"10.1177/15412040221138042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221138042","url":null,"abstract":"Although a growing body of research has documented the characteristics and experiences of young people with child welfare and juvenile justice system contact (i.e., dual system involvement), less is known about the pathways leading to dual system involvement. Sequence analysis was used to empirically identify pathways by plotting child welfare and juvenile justice spells for a cohort of 4404 dual system youth in Los Angeles County between 2014 to 2016. Procedures produced a five-cluster model delineated by the extent of child welfare involvement and the ages at which involvement occurred. Comparisons across pathways demonstrated that youth with less child welfare involvement in childhood had the least intrusive juvenile justice experiences and lower recidivism than youth experiencing longer and deeper child welfare involvement in late childhood and adolescence. Pathway findings have significant implications for building a delinquency prevention continuum prior to system involvement and after involvement for young people and their family members who enter the child welfare system.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"50 1","pages":"195 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65432593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Latino Paradox, the Racial Invariance Thesis, and Recidivism Among a Sample of Juvenile Offenders 拉丁裔悖论、种族不变性命题与青少年罪犯的累犯
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221137295
P. G. Lowery, Dominic Zicari
{"title":"The Latino Paradox, the Racial Invariance Thesis, and Recidivism Among a Sample of Juvenile Offenders","authors":"P. G. Lowery, Dominic Zicari","doi":"10.1177/15412040221137295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221137295","url":null,"abstract":"A plenitude of research on juvenile recidivism exists within the criminological literature, and some scholars have suggested using the Latino paradox and racial invariance thesis to make sense of racial and other disparities in recidivism. However, there is an extremely limited body of literature that tests one or both of these theories on juvenile recidivism, and the research which does exist is limited in its generalizability. To address this gap, we use statewide data from Virginia’s Department of Juvenile Justice over 5 years to test the Latino paradox and racial invariance thesis. Furthermore, given the nested nature of the data (juveniles within counties/independent cities), we merged county-level data from the Virginia State Police and American Community Survey into the data and used two-level hierarchical generalized linear models to analyze the data. Our findings largely supported the Latino paradox and offered some support for the second interpretation of the racial invariance thesis. Implications for theory and recommendations for public policy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"222 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effects of Community versus Custodial Sanctions in Youth Justice 社区与羁押制裁对青少年司法效果的准实验研究
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-14 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221133094
Gwendolyn J. Koops-Geuze, H. Wermink, F. Weerman
{"title":"A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effects of Community versus Custodial Sanctions in Youth Justice","authors":"Gwendolyn J. Koops-Geuze, H. Wermink, F. Weerman","doi":"10.1177/15412040221133094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221133094","url":null,"abstract":"Although community sanctions have become a popular alternative to custodial sanctions in youth justice, primary questions about the recidivism effects of community sanctions remain unanswered. The current study aims to fill this gap through a quasi-experimental analysis of 2-year recidivism differences between 4,425 youth subject to community sanctions versus custodial sanctions in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2016. Recidivism was analyzed in terms of overall, serious, and very serious recidivism for the full sample, a low risk subsample, and a medium-high risk subsample. Findings indicate that youth subject to community sanctions are less likely to recidivate overall, and less like likely to recidivate seriously than youth subject to custodial sanctions. Community sanctions were found to be particularly beneficial for preventing very serious recidivism among low risk youth. Additionally, it was found that medium-high risk youth subject to community sanctions are less likely to recidivate overall, and less seriously than medium-high risk youth subject to custodial sanctions. Implications of these findings for future research and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"106 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Protecting Against Adversity: The Role of Positive Childhood Experiences in Youth Recidivism 抵御逆境：积极的童年经历在青少年累犯中的作用
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221133106
Melissa A. Kowalski, Z. Hamilton, Alex Kigerl, Michael T. Baglivio, Kevin T. Wolff
{"title":"Protecting Against Adversity: The Role of Positive Childhood Experiences in Youth Recidivism","authors":"Melissa A. Kowalski, Z. Hamilton, Alex Kigerl, Michael T. Baglivio, Kevin T. Wolff","doi":"10.1177/15412040221133106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221133106","url":null,"abstract":"An abundance of research has established Adverse Childhood Experiences’ (ACEs’) contributions to deviant behavior. Recently, studies have demonstrated the importance of Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs). Yet, the PCE establishment as a predictive scale is needed. In a multistate, robust sample (N = 254,874) of justice-involved youth, we examined PCE scale effects and ACE-PCE combinations on recidivism using mixed effects logistic regression while adjusting for the impact of state. Presence of PCEs was associated with lower reoffending likelihood, and ACEs were related to increased recidivism odds. Further, PCEs demonstrated a protective impact on ACEs. A ceiling effect on the ACE-PCE composite score was also identified, where an increase in scale items presented a curvilinear recidivism association. Findings provide an examination of PCE influence across multiple youth populations and their ability to counteract ACE effects. Policy implications discuss the utility of PCEs as case management goals and intermediate outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"248 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Family Structure and Delinquency in the English-Speaking Caribbean: The Moderating Role of Parental Attachment, Supervision, and Commitment to Negative Peers 加勒比英语地区的家庭结构与犯罪：父母依恋、监督和对负面同龄人的承诺的调节作用
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-08 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221132192
Kayla R. Freemon, Veronica M. Herrera, Hyunjung Cheon, C. Katz
{"title":"Family Structure and Delinquency in the English-Speaking Caribbean: The Moderating Role of Parental Attachment, Supervision, and Commitment to Negative Peers","authors":"Kayla R. Freemon, Veronica M. Herrera, Hyunjung Cheon, C. Katz","doi":"10.1177/15412040221132192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221132192","url":null,"abstract":"Growing up in a household without two parents present is an established risk factor for youth delinquency. However, much of the research on family structure and delinquency derives from U.S. samples, limiting applicability to the developing world. The present study explores the role of traditional and non-traditional family structures on self-reported delinquency in eight English-speaking Caribbean nations. We further examine the moderating role of family processes (parental attachment and parental supervision) and commitment to negative peers on this relationship. We find that youth from intact nuclear families, with a mother and father present, engage in less delinquency than youth from intact blended, single-parent, or no-parent households. Further, family structure moderated the relationship between delinquency, parental attachment, and commitment to negative peers. Theoretical and research implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"149 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48490438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Positive and Negative Childhood Experiences Interact With Resiliency Theory and the General Theory of Crime in Juvenile Probationers 青少年缓刑犯的积极和消极童年经历与心理弹性理论和一般犯罪理论的相互作用
IF 3.8 1区 社会学
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/15412040221131278
K. Mueller, M. T. Carey
{"title":"How Positive and Negative Childhood Experiences Interact With Resiliency Theory and the General Theory of Crime in Juvenile Probationers","authors":"K. Mueller, M. T. Carey","doi":"10.1177/15412040221131278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15412040221131278","url":null,"abstract":"Self-control and resiliency in juveniles are each thought to be relevant to the onset of delinquency and recidivism, and both are related to family environments and other childhood experiences. The general theory of crime is well established within the literature as an explanation for offending at all ages, and resiliency perspectives stress the importance of things like independence and morality to avoiding/desisting from deviance among juveniles. Here, Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCEs) are examined among 3604 juvenile probationers in the contexts of the general theory of crime and the compensatory, protective factor, and challenge models of resiliency theory. Results show that high ACE scores were associated with diminished self-control, and high PCE scores were correlated with better self-control. Policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47525,"journal":{"name":"Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice","volume":"21 1","pages":"130 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47329799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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