Annual Review of Applied Linguistics最新文献_第6页

Lexical diversity development in newly arrived parent-child immigrant pairs: Aptitude, age, exposure, and anxiety 新来的亲子移民对的词汇多样性发展：能力倾向、年龄、暴露和焦虑

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190521000039

Amelia Lambelet

{"title":"Lexical diversity development in newly arrived parent-child immigrant pairs: Aptitude, age, exposure, and anxiety","authors":"Amelia Lambelet","doi":"10.1017/S0267190521000039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190521000039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Language Aptitude Outside the Classroom (LAOC) study investigates the factors that contribute to successful English-learning among newly arrived parent-child immigrants. Two types of factors are considered: cognitive abilities (aptitude measured with the LLAMA tests and working memory) and contextual-affective factors (exposure and anxiety). Participants are pairs of Spanish-speaking immigrants in the US. Each pair consists of a parent and their child aged 7–16. Their English proficiency is measured longitudinally during a one-year period using a listening comprehension test, a verbal fluency test, and an oral narrative (frog story). This contribution focuses on the lexical diversity of the oral narratives (Guiraud Index). Linear mixed models were run on the entire sample and on adults and children separately using time, aptitude, working memory, exposure to English, and anxiety as predictors of lexical diversity of the oral narratives (random effect = dyad, random slope = time). The results show that the development of lexical diversity over a one-year period is predicted by exposure to the language (and, for the children, anxiety). Two subtests of the LLAMA aptitude battery are also significant predictors when the entire sample is considered, but this effect nevertheless disappears for the adults when modeled separately from the children.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"76 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190521000039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43657876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Working memory and language aptitude in relation to listening strategy instruction in an instructed SLA context 二语习得语境下工作记忆和语言能力与听力策略教学的关系

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190521000040

Saime Kara Duman, Şebnem Yalçın, G. Erçetin

{"title":"Working memory and language aptitude in relation to listening strategy instruction in an instructed SLA context","authors":"Saime Kara Duman, Şebnem Yalçın, G. Erçetin","doi":"10.1017/S0267190521000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190521000040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present small-scale study explores whether working memory (WM) and language aptitude (LA) explain any variance in L2 listening comprehension beyond baseline listening ability and explicit strategy-based listening instruction in an instructed EFL setting at the tertiary level. In a pretest/posttest non-randomized group design, the experimental group (N = 19) received explicit strategy-based listening instruction for 12 hours while the control group (N = 17) followed their regular L2 listening course syllabus. L2 listening comprehension was measured with an L2 academic listening comprehension test. WM measures (Foster et al., 2015) included an operation span task (OST), a symmetry span task (SST), and a rotation span task (RST). LA was assessed with LLAMA (Meara, 2005). The findings revealed the effectiveness of strategy-based intervention for L2 listening comprehension. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that baseline listening scores explained about 52% of the variance in the post-listening scores, while listening strategy instruction explained an additional 16% of the variance. On the other hand, WM and LA did not explain any variance in listening comprehension scores, suggesting that the two individual learner differences in the present study are not significant predictors of L2 listening comprehension.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"108 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190521000040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48479225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Brain, musicality, and language aptitude: A complex interplay 大脑、音乐天赋和语言天赋:复杂的相互作用

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190520000148

S. Turker, S. Reiterer

{"title":"Brain, musicality, and language aptitude: A complex interplay","authors":"S. Turker, S. Reiterer","doi":"10.1017/S0267190520000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190520000148","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Music and language are highly intertwined auditory phenomena that largely overlap on behavioral and neural levels. While the link between the two has been widely explored on a general level, comparably few studies have addressed the relationship between musical skills and language aptitude, defined as an individual's (partly innate) capacity for learning foreign languages. Behaviorally, past research has provided evidence that individuals’ musicality levels (expressed by singing, instrument playing, and/or perceptive musical abilities) are significantly associated with their foreign language learning, particularly the acquisition of phonetic and phonological skills (e.g., pronunciation, speech imitation). On the neural level, both skills recruit a wide array of overlapping brain areas, which are also involved in cognition and memory. The neurobiology of language aptitude is an area ripe for investigation, since there has been only limited research establishing neurofunctional and neuroanatomical markers characteristic of speech imitation and overall language aptitude (e.g., in the left/right auditory cortex and left inferior parietal areas of the brain). Thus, as noted above, in this short review for ARAL, the aim is to describe the most recent neuroscientific findings on the neurobiology of language aptitude, to discuss the complex interplay between language aptitude and musicality from neural and behavioral perspectives, and to briefly outline what the promise of future research in this area holds.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"95 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190520000148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Language aptitude and language awareness: Polyglot perspectives 语言能力与语言意识：Polyglot视角

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190521000027

Kenneth Hyltenstam

{"title":"Language aptitude and language awareness: Polyglot perspectives","authors":"Kenneth Hyltenstam","doi":"10.1017/S0267190521000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190521000027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper discusses the notion of language aptitude as a factor contributing to successful language acquisition achievements in polyglots. The difficulty in distinguishing between what is, indeed, language aptitude and what is language awareness is the main focus of the paper. A polyglot is operationalized here as a person who, after puberty, (a) acquired/learned at least six new languages (L2s), (b) commands at least six L2s at an intermediate or advanced proficiency level, and (c) presently uses these languages relatively unimpededly in oral interaction. The article draws specifically on a controlled investigation of ten polyglots who were extensively interviewed and tested for language aptitude, motivation, language awareness, and use of language learning strategies. Results show well above average, often outstanding, aptitude scores and an immediate preference for explicit learning. It appears that the combination of strong motivation and high levels of language aptitude and language awareness is what makes polyglots unusually successful second language learners. This paper suggests that language aptitude is both a prerequisite for developing high levels of language awareness and (since the two concepts are partially overlapping), much of the dynamism sometimes ascribed to aptitude is indeed awareness.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"55 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190521000027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49243536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The methodology of the research on language aptitude: A systematic review 语言天赋研究的方法论综述

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190520000136

Shaofeng Li, Huijun Zhao

{"title":"The methodology of the research on language aptitude: A systematic review","authors":"Shaofeng Li, Huijun Zhao","doi":"10.1017/S0267190520000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190520000136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of the methods utilized in studies investigating the role of language aptitude in second language acquisition (SLA). The synthesis is informed by sixty-five studies generated by a thorough search of the literature, three meta-analyses (Li, 2015, 2016, 2017), and a thematic issue of Studies in Second Language Acquisition (Li & DeKeyser, in press). The synthesis starts by identifying three categories of research investigating the role of aptitude in naturalistic learning, aptitude's associations with instructed learning, and the nature of aptitude pertaining to whether it increases with age and learning experience and how it is connected to other individual difference variables. The synthesis then presents an overview and critique of major measures of aptitude and discusses the construct validity of aptitude measures based on the principles of psychometric assessments. Specifically, the measures are scrutinized along the dimensions of reliability, content validity, divergent/convergent validity, and predictive validity. The content and measurement of implicit aptitude—a newly emerged construct in SLA—are highlighted. The synthesis proceeds to summarize and vet the measures of the outcome variable of aptitude research—L2 proficiency. Throughout the synthesis, methodological features are summarized, issues are identified, and remedies are proposed.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"41 1","pages":"25 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190520000136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Outliers in L2 Research in Applied Linguistics: A Synthesis and Data Re-Analysis 应用语言学第二语言研究中的异类：综合与数据再分析

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190520000057

Christopher Nicklin, Luke Plonsky

{"title":"Outliers in L2 Research in Applied Linguistics: A Synthesis and Data Re-Analysis","authors":"Christopher Nicklin, Luke Plonsky","doi":"10.1017/S0267190520000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190520000057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data from self-paced reading (SPR) tasks are routinely checked for statistical outliers (Marsden, Thompson, & Plonsky, 2018). Such data points can be handled in a variety of ways (e.g., trimming, data transformation), each of which may influence study results in a different manner. This two-phase study sought, first, to systematically review outlier handling techniques found in studies that involve SPR and, second, to re-analyze raw data from SPR tasks to understand the impact of those techniques. Toward these ends, in Phase I, a sample of 104 studies that employed SPR tasks was collected and coded for different outlier treatments. As found in Marsden et al. (2018), wide variability was observed across the sample in terms of selection of time and standard deviation (SD)-based boundaries for determining what constitutes a legitimate reading time (RT). In Phase II, the raw data from the SPR studies in Phase I were requested from the authors. Nineteen usable datasets were obtained and re-analyzed using data transformations, SD boundaries, trimming, and winsorizing, in order to test their relative effectiveness for normalizing SPR reaction time data. The results suggested that, in the vast majority of cases, logarithmic transformation circumvented the need for SD boundaries, which blindly eliminate or alter potentially legitimate data. The results also indicated that choice of SD boundary had little influence on the data and revealed no meaningful difference between trimming and winsorizing, implying that blindly removing data from SPR analyses might be unnecessary. Suggestions are provided for future research involving SPR data and the handling of outliers in second language (L2) research more generally.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"26 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190520000057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41451945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

The Annual Review of Applied Linguistics at 40: Looking Back and Moving Ahead 应用语言学40周年回顾:回顾与前进

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190520000082

Alison Mackey

引用次数: 0

Is an Antiracist and Decolonizing Applied Linguistics Possible? 反种族主义和非殖民化的应用语言学可能吗？

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190520000100

Suhanthie Motha

引用次数: 36

Neurostimulation and Pupillometry: New Directions for Learning and Research in Applied Linguistics 神经刺激与瞳孔测量:应用语言学学习与研究的新方向

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0267190520000069

Nick B. Pandža, I. Phillips, Valerie Karuzis, Polly O'Rourke, Stefanie E. Kuchinsky

{"title":"Neurostimulation and Pupillometry: New Directions for Learning and Research in Applied Linguistics","authors":"Nick B. Pandža, I. Phillips, Valerie Karuzis, Polly O'Rourke, Stefanie E. Kuchinsky","doi":"10.1017/S0267190520000069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190520000069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper begins by discussing new trends in the use of neurostimulation techniques in cognitive science and learning research, as well as the nascent research on their application in second language learning. To illustrate this, an experiment designed to investigate the impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), which is delivered via earbuds, on how learners process and learn Mandarin tones is reported. Pupillometry, which is an index of cognitive effort, is explained and illustrated as one way to assess the impact of tVNS. Participants in the study were native English speakers, naïve to tone languages, pseudorandomly assigned to active or control conditions, while balancing for nonlinguistic pitch ability and musical experience. Their performance after tVNS was assessed using a range of more traditional language outcome measures, including accuracy and reaction times from lexical recognition and recall tasks and was triangulated with pupillometry during word-learning to help understand the mechanism through which tVNS operates. Findings are discussed in light of the literatures on lexical tone learning, cognitive effort, and neurostimulation, including specific benefits for learners of tone languages. Recommendations are made for future work on the increasingly popular area of neurostimulation for the field of applied linguistics in the 40th anniversary issue of ARAL.","PeriodicalId":47490,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Applied Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"56 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0267190520000069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46426668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Reflect, Revisit, Reimagine: Ethnography of Language Policy and Planning 反思，重新审视，重新想象:语言政策和规划的民族志

IF 3.7 1区文学

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S026719052000001X

N. Hornberger

引用次数: 8