{"title":"Expanding the Typology of Absolutive Syntax in Mayan: Evidence From Northern Mam","authors":"Willie Myers","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Past work on Mayan languages has divided the family into two groups based on syntactic ergativity: ‘high-absolutive’ languages in which objects raise to a position above the ergative subject and enter into Agree with a high probe and ‘low-absolutive’ languages in which objects remain low and enter into Agree with a low probe. This <span>object raising</span> approach has been proposed to correlate with a constellation of syntactic properties, related to Ā-extraction constraints, morpheme order, nonfinite embedding, and binding effects. This paper adds a third option to the typology based on data from a Northern Mam variety in which objects systematically fail to agree. Though it appears to fall outside of the established paradigm, I argue that this ‘no-absolutive’ syntax is also directly predicted by an <span>object raising</span> analysis which locates variation in the presence or absence of [EPP] and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>φ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $varphi $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-probe features on <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>Voice</mtext>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $v/{text{Voice}}^{0}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. To support this, I show how no-absolutive Northern Mam patterns as we would expect across all previously proposed correlates of object raising. This paper functions as Part II to Royer and Coon 2025, also in this volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lnc3.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language Change Across Real and Apparent-Time: Case Studies From Yucatan Spanish","authors":"Jim Michnowicz","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Variationist sociolinguistics possesses two powerful techniques for examining language change across time: real-time analyses, where the relative distribution of variants is compared for two or more different points in time, and apparent-time analysis, where different age groups in the same study are taken to represent different stages of change. While real and apparent-time are often thought of as conflicting methodologies, in reality they work best in tandem, and have been used together since the earliest sociolinguistic studies. The present study examines three case studies based on Yucatan Spanish, a regional variety of Mexican Spanish in contact with Yucatec Maya, that differs in important ways from surrounding dialects. Due to its unique sociolinguistic context, Yucatan Spanish presents an ideal location to study language change in progress, and the case studies detailed will demonstrate how real and apparent-time methods complement each other to provide a more complete picture of language change as it happens.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lnc3.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Teaching and Learning Guide for: The Cross-Linguistic Patterns of Phonation Types","authors":"Christina M. Esposito, Sameer ud Dowla Khan","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonverbal Clause Constructions","authors":"Martin Haspelmath","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are about a dozen well-recognised types of nonverbal clause constructions, but the terminology by which these subtypes are known varies widely. This paper gives an overview of the major types and defines each term carefully, from the perspective of general syntax. For a number of well-established concepts that have no corresponding well-established term, I propose novel terms. There are four major predicational types (classificational, attributional, predlocative and appertentive), and four major nonpredicational types (equational, existential, predpossessive and hyparctic).</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lnc3.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collaborative Growth: When Large Language Models Meet Sociolinguistics","authors":"Dong Nguyen","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large Language Models (LLMs) have dramatically transformed the AI landscape. They can produce remarkable fluent text and exhibit a range of natural language understanding and generation capabilities. This article explores how LLMs might be used for sociolinguistic research and, conversely, how sociolinguistics can contribute to the development of LLMs. It argues that both areas of research will benefit from a thoughtful, engaging collaboration. Sociolinguists are not merely end users of LLMs; they have a crucial role to play in the development of LLMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lnc3.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Syrett, K. (2024), Challenges and Strategies for Acquiring Adjectives. Lang Linguist Compass, 18: 70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70000","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article originally published online on 28 September 2024 with incorrect spellings. The article has been since updated to comply with standard US English spelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lnc3.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Abstract and Acoustic Targets in Phonetic Imitation","authors":"Ivy Hauser","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phonetic imitation (also called convergence or accommodation) occurs when talkers alter their pronunciation towards speech they hear. This can happen spontaneously with only a few minutes of exposure in a laboratory experiment even without instruction to imitate. While there is considerable evidence for spontaneous imitation, in many cases it is not clear exactly which aspects of the model talker are being imitated. It is possible to imitate the raw acoustics of the model's voice or more abstract targets like normalised acoustics of the model's voice, phonological patterns the model exhibits, or speech style. Although there is substantial literature demonstrating convergent speech behaviour, existing work typically does not distinguish between these different types of targets. This has theoretical implications for accounts of imitation and normalisation, methodological significance for analysis of imitation studies, and potential applied significance for how imitation is used in language teaching and clinical speech therapy. This paper will review these issues, discuss the statistical challenges associated with measuring convergence to competing targets, and make methodological recommendations for future studies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substantive Bias in Artificial Phonology Learning","authors":"Shuang Zheng, Youngah Do","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reviews the research on substantive bias in phonological learning since the publication of Moreton and Pater's paper on structure and substance in artificial phonology learning. The studies are categorised into vowel patterns, consonant patterns, and suprasegmental patterns. The review highlights advancements in experimental paradigms, a more precise definition of phonetic naturalness, and an expanded exploration of various phonological phenomena in the investigation of substantive bias over the past decade. Based on the review findings, we suggest that future research on the impact of substantive bias on phonological learning should include an examination of the articulatory and perceptual foundations of each phonological pattern, along with an analysis of the similarities in features, articulation, and perception.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sound Symbolism in the Lexicon: A Review of Iconic-Systematicity","authors":"David M. Sidhu","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sound symbolism refers to associations between language sounds (i.e., phonemes) and particular properties (e.g., certain shapes). For example, phonemes like /m/ are associated with roundness, while phonemes like /k/ are associated with spikiness. In this paper I review the accumulating evidence that different instances of sound symbolism can be observed as patterns in real words in existing lexicons (e.g., /m/ occurring more frequently in words for round things). The properties examined include shape, size, texture, valence and arousal. Such effects are an instance of both iconicity (words whose forms resemble their meanings) and systematicity (largescale patterns in the forms of related words in a language). I also discuss open questions on the topic, including how such patterns emerge, and their effects on language processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lnc3.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Semantics and Expression of Apprehensional Modality","authors":"Scott AnderBois, Maksymilian Dąbkowski","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Apprehensionality</i> refers to the semantic domain of negative prospective epistemic modality and the formal expressions used to encode it. In this article, we break down the <i>apprehensional situation</i> into five prototypical components: (I) future reference, (II) possibility, (III) negative evaluation, (IV) avertive intent, and (V) a preferred action. In doing so, we propose a framework for comparing synchronic and diachronic aspects of the semantics and expression of apprehensional modality across languages. We discuss several recent formal accounts of three apprehensional morphemes—Francez's account of Biblical Hebrew <i>pen</i>, Dąbkowski and AnderBois's of A'ingae <i>-sa'ne</i>, and Phillips's of Australian Kriol <i>bambai</i>—relate their formalisms to the apprehensional situation schema, and evaluate their predictions. We summarise previous findings on the grammaticalisation pathways towards and among apprehensional morphemes. We find that apprehensionals grammaticalise from a wide range of sources, including components I–IV of the apprehensional schema. Among the apprehensional functions themselves, both subordination and insubordination are commonly encountered.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}