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Language and Linguistics Compass最新文献

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Teaching & learning guide for: An overview of the NP versus DP debate 教学和学习指南:NP与DP辩论的概述
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12413
Yılmaz Köylü
{"title":"Teaching & learning guide for: An overview of the NP versus DP debate","authors":"Yılmaz Köylü","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132256481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The use of linguistic and world knowledge in language processing 在语言处理中运用语言学和世界知识
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12411
Tessa Warren, Michael Walsh Dickey
{"title":"The use of linguistic and world knowledge in language processing","authors":"Tessa Warren,&nbsp;Michael Walsh Dickey","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There has been considerable investigation of the roles that linguistic and world knowledge play during language comprehension. This investigation is important because its results have ramifications for both basic questions about how the mature intact language comprehension system functions and for applied questions regarding how comprehension systems that are impaired by aphasia might function. In the current paper, we review debates and research related to the representation and use of linguistic and world knowledge in language comprehension and then describe a recent computational model that takes both world and linguistic knowledge into account in predicting language comprehension difficulty. We then review empirical work that attempts to characterize the interactions and potential trade-offs between world and linguistic knowledge during language comprehension, and relate this work to the computational model previously described. We conclude with a brief overview of a few open questions regarding the representation of linguistic and world knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12411","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131890223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration approach 提高阅读率和理解力?阅读加速方法的优点和局限性
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12408
Sebastian P. Korinth, Telse Nagler
{"title":"Improving reading rates and comprehension? Benefits and limitations of the reading acceleration approach","authors":"Sebastian P. Korinth,&nbsp;Telse Nagler","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12408","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12408","url":null,"abstract":"The reading acceleration phenomenon refers to the effect that experimentally induced time constraints can generate instantaneous improvements of reading rate, accuracy and comprehension among typical and reading impaired readers of different age groups. An overview of studies applying the fading manipulation (i.e., letters are erased in reading direction), which induces the time constraints causing the acceleration phenomenon, is provided in the first part of this review. The second part summarises the outcomes of studies using a training approach called the reading acceleration program (RAP) that integrated core principles of the acceleration phenomenon to generate persistent reading performance improvements. Our review shows ample evidence for the validity of the acceleration phenomenon, since it has been replicated across various languages and populations. However, although there are several explanatory approaches for underlying mechanisms, none of them is well substantiated by empirical evidence so far. Similarly, although generally positive effects of RAP","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129982651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
An overview of the NP versus DP debate 国民党对民主党辩论的概述
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12406
Yılmaz Köylü
{"title":"An overview of the NP versus DP debate","authors":"Yılmaz Köylü","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article provides an overview of what is known as the noun phrase (NP) versus determiner phrase (DP) debate. I first revisit the arguments by which a language would be assigned an NP or rather a DP structure, followed by the proper characterisation, function and features of determiners. I then summarise the typological endeavour of Bošković, surveying some of the syntactic and semantic correlates of the NP versus DP parameter and applying four of the diagnostics Bošković developed to Turkish as well as providing examples from other languages such as Korean, Vietnamese and Lithuanian. For each diagnostic, I provide some counterarguments that cast doubt on the validity of those diagnostics. I conclude, in line with Kornfilt (2017, 2018) that proposing correlations between an NP or a DP status of the nominal domain and a certain clustering of syntactic or semantic properties should be abandoned.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123190570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Building mental models from multiple texts: How readers construct coherence from inconsistent sources 从多个文本中建立心理模型:读者如何从不一致的来源中构建连贯
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12409
Gaston Saux, Mary Anne Britt, Nicolas Vibert, Jean-François Rouet
{"title":"Building mental models from multiple texts: How readers construct coherence from inconsistent sources","authors":"Gaston Saux,&nbsp;Mary Anne Britt,&nbsp;Nicolas Vibert,&nbsp;Jean-François Rouet","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12409","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Text comprehension theories propose that readers try to achieve a coherent representation of the situation depicted in a text. When reading multiple texts on the same topic, however, achieving a coherent representation of a situation poses additional challenges. Different sources may offer inconsistent descriptions or interpretations of the situation, or even contradict one another. Thus, additional assumptions are needed to explain how readers build a coherent representation of a situation when reading multiple individual texts on the same subject. This paper reviews research contributions from the psychology of text comprehension on how readers integrate inconsistent information from multiple sources. We concentrate on two key processes: The construction of an interconnected representation of sources and text contents, and the evaluation of the acquired information. We begin by briefly discussing the standard approach of single-text comprehension theories to representational coherence. Then, we examine the Documents Model Framework and other, associated proposals that claim that readers can achieve coherence of divergent text contents by constructing a representation of the texts which integrates information about the sources of the contents. We also consider the role of source evaluation as a reader strategy for constructing a single, coherent solution. Finally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications and we make suggestions for further readings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116316304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The neurocognitive basis of skilled reading in prelingually and profoundly deaf adults 语言前和深度失聪成人熟练阅读的神经认知基础
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12407
Karen Emmorey, Brittany Lee
{"title":"The neurocognitive basis of skilled reading in prelingually and profoundly deaf adults","authors":"Karen Emmorey,&nbsp;Brittany Lee","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deaf individuals have unique sensory and linguistic experiences that influence how they read and become skilled readers. This review presents our current understanding of the neurocognitive underpinnings of reading skill in deaf adults. Key behavioural and neuroimaging studies are integrated to build a profile of skilled adult deaf readers and to examine how changes in visual attention and reduced access to auditory input and phonology shape how they read both words and sentences. Crucially, the behaviours, processes, and neural circuity of deaf readers are compared to those of hearing readers with similar reading ability to help identify alternative pathways to reading success. Overall, sensitivity to orthographic and semantic information is comparable for skilled deaf and hearing readers, but deaf readers rely less on phonology and show greater engagement of the right hemisphere in visual word processing. During sentence reading, deaf readers process visual word forms more efficiently and may have a greater reliance on and altered connectivity to semantic information compared to their hearing peers. These findings highlight the plasticity of the reading system and point to alternative pathways to reading success.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39219450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Mental maps and perceptual dialectology 心理地图与感性辩证法
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12405
Jennifer Cramer
{"title":"Mental maps and perceptual dialectology","authors":"Jennifer Cramer","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perceptual dialectology is the study of the thoughts, beliefs and attitudes that nonlinguists have about their dialect landscapes. The field foregrounds these perceptions which have been historically presumed to be of only peripheral significance in linguistic research. One of the most influential tools for studying the perceptions of nonlinguists has been the mental map task, in which participants are asked to indicate on a map where specific varieties of a language can be found, providing a label for each region delimited. This article examines the history of mental mapping in perceptual dialectology, explores recent advances in the collection, analysis and processing of such maps using Geographic Information Systems tools and other technological advancements, and provides insights about how these advances are allowing researchers to answer more questions about connections between language use, language perception, place, people and identities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The coming of age: How do linguists tease apart chronological, biological and social age? 年龄的到来:语言学家如何区分时间年龄、生理年龄和社会年龄?
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12404
Míša Hejná, Anna Jespersen
{"title":"The coming of age: How do linguists tease apart chronological, biological and social age?","authors":"Míša Hejná,&nbsp;Anna Jespersen","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Age is one of the key variables in the field of language variation and change (LVC). The vast majority of experimental work generally views a speaker's date of birth—chronological age—as a good reflection of both their social age, for example, which generation they identify with and how strongly and their biological age, that is, the physiological age of their body. This paper aims to provide the reader with tools to tease apart these three ways of conceptualising the variable of age. It reviews qualitative and quantitative methods from fields adjacent to LVC that will enable linguists of different theoretical interests to tap into biological and social aspects of ageing. In doing so, it provides a practical manual for linguists wishing to work from a more multifaceted understanding of one of the key variables in many linguistic subfields.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131319330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Word embeddings for biomedical natural language processing: A survey 生物医学自然语言处理中的词嵌入:综述
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12402
Billy Chiu, Simon Baker
{"title":"Word embeddings for biomedical natural language processing: A survey","authors":"Billy Chiu,&nbsp;Simon Baker","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Word representations are mathematical objects that capture the semantic and syntactic properties of words in a way that is interpretable by machines. Recently, encoding word properties into low-dimensional vector spaces using neural networks has become increasingly popular. Word embeddings are now used as the main input to natural language processing (NLP) applications, achieving cutting-edge results. Nevertheless, most word-embedding studies are carried out with general-domain text and evaluation datasets, and their results do not necessarily apply to text from other domains (e.g., biomedicine) that are linguistically distinct from general English. To achieve maximum benefit when using word embeddings for biomedical NLP tasks, they need to be induced and evaluated using in-domain resources. Thus, it is essential to create a detailed review of biomedical embeddings that can be used as a reference for researchers to train in-domain models. In this paper, we review biomedical word embedding studies from three key aspects: the corpora, models and evaluation methods. We first describe the characteristics of various biomedical corpora, and then compare popular embedding models. After that, we discuss different evaluation methods for biomedical embeddings. For each aspect, we summarize the various challenges discussed in the literature. Finally, we conclude the paper by proposing future directions that will help advance research into biomedical embeddings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121866336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
How are signed languages learned as second languages? 手语作为第二语言是如何学习的?
IF 2.5
Language and Linguistics Compass Pub Date : 2020-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/lnc3.12403
Chloe Marshall, Aurora Bel, Sannah Gulamani, Gary Morgan
{"title":"How are signed languages learned as second languages?","authors":"Chloe Marshall,&nbsp;Aurora Bel,&nbsp;Sannah Gulamani,&nbsp;Gary Morgan","doi":"10.1111/lnc3.12403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lnc3.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review addresses the question: How are signed languages learned by adult hearing learners? While there has been much research on second language learners of spoken languages, there has been far less work in signed languages. Comparing sign and spoken second language acquisition allows us to investigate whether learning patterns are general (across the visual and oral modalities) or specific (in only one of the modalities), and hence furthers our understanding of second-language acquisition (SLA). The paper integrates current sign language learning research into the wider field of SLA by focussing on two areas: (1) Does ‘transfer’ occur between the spoken first language and signed second language and (2) What kind of learning patterns are the same across language modalities versus unique to each modality?</p>","PeriodicalId":47472,"journal":{"name":"Language and Linguistics Compass","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/lnc3.12403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131696327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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