Medicine Health Care and Philosophy最新文献_第6页

Vision, body and interpretation in medical imaging diagnostics 医学影像诊断中的视觉、身体和解读

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10200-3

Renzhen Chen, Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis

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引用次数: 0

The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies: Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic. 公共卫生突发事件期间的研究伦理义务：COVID-19 大流行的启示。

IF 2.3 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10184-6

Mariana Barosa, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Vinay Prasad

{"title":"The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies: Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Mariana Barosa, Euzebiusz Jamrozik, Vinay Prasad","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10184-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10184-6","url":null,"abstract":"In times of crises, public health leaders may claim that trials of public health interventions are unethical. One reason for this claim can be that equipoise-i.e. a situation of uncertainty and/or disagreement among experts about the evidence regarding an intervention-has been disturbed by a change of collective expert views. Some might claim that equipoise is disturbed if the majority of experts believe that emergency public health interventions are likely to be more beneficial than harmful. However, such beliefs are not always justified: where high quality research has not been conducted, there is often considerable residual uncertainty about whether interventions offer net benefits. In this essay we argue that high-quality research, namely by means of well-designed randomized trials, is ethically obligatory before, during, and after implementing policies in public health emergencies (PHEs). We contend that this standard applies to both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions, and we elaborate an account of equipoise that captures key features of debates in the recent pandemic. We build our case by analyzing research strategies employed during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding drugs, vaccines, and non-pharmaceutical interventions; and by providing responses to possible objections. Finally, we propose a public health policy reform: whenever a policy implemented during a PHE is not grounded in high-quality evidence that expected benefits outweigh harms, there should be a planned approach to generate high-quality evidence, with review of emerging data at preset time points. These preset timepoints guarantee that policymakers pause to review emerging evidence and consider ceasing ineffective or even harmful policies, thereby improving transparency and accountability, as well as permitting the redirection of resources to more effective or beneficial interventions.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"49-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139049553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging perspectives in the shared decision making debate. 共同决策辩论中的新观点。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10196-w

Bert Gordijn, Henk Ten Have

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Precision medicine and the problem of structural injustice. 更正：精准医疗与结构性不公正问题。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10173-9

Sara Green, Barbara Prainsack, Maya Sabatello

引用次数: 0

How do roles impact suicidal agents' obligations? 角色如何影响自杀代理人的义务？

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10177-5

Suzanne E Dowie

{"title":"How do roles impact suicidal agents' obligations?","authors":"Suzanne E Dowie","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10177-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10177-5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I assess the role responsibility argument that claims suicidal agents have obligations to specific people not to kill themselves due to their roles. Since the plausibility of the role responsibility argument is clearest in the parent-child relationship, I assess parental obligations. I defend a view that says that normative roles, such as those of a parent, are contractual and voluntary. I then suggest that the normative parameters for some roles preclude permissible suicide because the role-related contract includes a promise to provide continuing care and emotional support. I propose that as we have established criteria for morally acceptable reasons for cancelling, voiding, or amending a contract, we can apply these to the role responsibility argument to establish grounds for releasing a parent from his role-related and contractual obligations. Failure to fulfil one's contractual roles may not be blameworthy, depending upon the circumstances. I propose the factors determining culpability in failure to fulfil one's role-related obligations are: intention, voluntariness, diminished responsibility, mental capacity, and foreseeability.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Personhood as projection: the value of multiple conceptions of personhood for understanding the dehumanisation of people living with dementia. 作为投射的人格：多重人格概念对于理解痴呆症患者非人化问题的价值。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10187-3

Paula Boddington, Andy Northcott, Katie Featherstone

引用次数: 0

From a critique of the principle of autonomy to an ethic of heteronomy. 从对自治原则的批判到异质自治伦理。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10185-5

Florian Martinet-Kosinski

{"title":"From a critique of the principle of autonomy to an ethic of heteronomy.","authors":"Florian Martinet-Kosinski","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10185-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10185-5","url":null,"abstract":"Etymologically, autonomy is the ability to give oneself rules and follow them. It is an important principle of medical ethics, which can sometimes raise some tensions in the care relationship. We propose a new definition of ethics, the ethics of heteronomy: a self-normative, discursive and responsible autonomy. Autonomy cannot be considered without the responsibility each person must have towards others. In the care relationship, autonomy would be more the ability of each person to reach out to others than the ability to decide alone. The care relationship must be seen as an accompaniment of equals where each person allows the other to be rephrased. Autonomy would then no longer be absolute but relative to each situation. Being autonomous would become an ability for adaptation of the patient-doctor pair. The accompaniment allows the birth of a relationship of trust, giving the patient and the doctor the ability to touch and let themselves be touched, thus making each one progress in this reciprocal dialectic. The care relationship becomes the possibility of considering autonomy as a collective and not as an individual notion only. Paradoxically, by promoting the autonomy of the patient-doctor pair, they both develop their own autonomy.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The duty of care and the right to be cared for: is there a duty to treat the unvaccinated? 照顾的责任和被照顾的权利：是否有责任治疗未接种疫苗的人？

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10186-4

Zohar Lederman, Shalom Corcos

引用次数: 0

An analysis of different concepts of "identity" in the heritable genome editing debate. 对可遗传基因组编辑辩论中不同 "身份 "概念的分析。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10189-1

Ying-Qi Liaw

{"title":"An analysis of different concepts of \"identity\" in the heritable genome editing debate.","authors":"Ying-Qi Liaw","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10189-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10189-1","url":null,"abstract":"Human heritable genome editing (HHGE) involves editing the genes of human gametes and/or early human embryos. Whilst 'identity' is a key concept underpinning the current HHGE debate, there is a lack of inclusive analysis on different concepts of 'identity' which renders the overall debate confusing at times. This paper first contributes to reviewing the existing literature by consolidating how 'identity' has been discussed in the HHGE debate. Essentially, the discussion will reveal an ontological and empirical understanding of identity when different types of identity are involved. Here, I discuss genetic, numerical, qualitative and narrative and how each of them is relevant in the HHGE context. Secondly, given the different types of identity, the paper explores how we could navigate these different interpretations of identity in a way that promotes an inclusive and informed discussion between primary stakeholders and the general public in the HHGE debate. Here, I argue for and refine a multi-faceted concept of identity as a suitable framework for discussing the ethical and societal implications of HHGE because it not only could integrate different understandings of identity but also highlight the interconnectedness between these different understandings.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139378542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A reply to Gillham on the impairment principle. 对Gillham关于减值原则的答复。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10180-w

Bruce P Blackshaw

引用次数: 0