Medicine Health Care and Philosophy最新文献_第7页

Potentiality switches and epistemic uncertainty: the Argument from Potential in times of human embryo-like structures. 潜能转换与认识的不确定性：人类胚胎样结构时代的潜能论。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10181-9

Ana M Pereira Daoud, Wybo J Dondorp, Annelien L Bredenoord, Guido M W R De Wert

{"title":"Potentiality switches and epistemic uncertainty: the Argument from Potential in times of human embryo-like structures.","authors":"Ana M Pereira Daoud, Wybo J Dondorp, Annelien L Bredenoord, Guido M W R De Wert","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10181-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10181-9","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in developmental biology enable the creation of embryo-like structures from human stem cells, which we refer to as human embryo-like structures (hELS). These structures provide promising tools to complement-and perhaps ultimately replace-the use of human embryos in clinical and fundamental research. But what if these hELS-when further improved-also have a claim to moral status? What would that imply for their research use? In this paper, we explore these questions in relation to the traditional answer as to why human embryos should be given greater protection than other (non-)human cells: the so-called Argument from Potential (AfP). According to the AfP, human embryos deserve special moral status because they have the unique potential to develop into persons. While some take the development of hELS to challenge the very foundations of the AfP, the ongoing debate suggests that its dismissal would be premature. Since the AfP is a spectrum of views with different moral implications, it does not need to imply that research with human embryos or hELS that (may) have 'active' potential should be completely off-limits. However, the problem with determining active potential in hELS is that this depends on development passing through 'potentiality switches' about the precise coordinates of which we are still in the dark. As long as this epistemic uncertainty persists, extending embryo research regulations to research with specific types of hELS would amount to a form of regulative precaution that as such would require further justification.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vaccine refusal as unfair free-riding. COVID-19 疫苗拒绝接种是不公平的搭便车行为。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10188-2

Joshua Kelsall

引用次数: 0

Sharing a medical decision. 分享医疗决定

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10179-3

Coos Engelsma

引用次数: 0

A fair exchange: why living kidney donors in England should be financially compensated. 公平交换：英国活体肾脏捐献者应获得经济补偿的原因。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10171-x

Daniel Rodger, Bonnie Venter

{"title":"A fair exchange: why living kidney donors in England should be financially compensated.","authors":"Daniel Rodger, Bonnie Venter","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10171-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10171-x","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, hundreds of patients in England die whilst waiting for a kidney transplant, and this is evidence that the current system of altruistic-based donation is not sufficient to address the shortage of kidneys available for transplant. To address this problem, we propose a monopsony system whereby kidney donors can opt-in to receive financial compensation, whilst still preserving the right of individuals to donate without receiving any compensation. A monopsony system describes a market structure where there is only one 'buyer'-in this case the National Health Service. By doing so, several hundred lives could be saved each year in England, wait times for a kidney transplant could be significantly reduced, and it would lessen the burden on dialysis services. Furthermore, compensation would help alleviate the common disincentives to living kidney donation, such as its potential associated health and psychological costs, and it would also help to increase awareness of living kidney donation. The proposed system would also result in significant cost savings that could then be redirected towards preventing kidney disease and reducing health disparities. While concerns about exploitation, coercion, and the 'crowding out' of altruistic donors exist, we believe that careful implementation can mitigate these issues. Therefore, we recommend piloting financial compensation for living kidney donors at a transplant centre in England.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"625-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10725849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10067691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Foucault and medicine: challenging normative claims. 福柯与医学：挑战规范性主张。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10170-y

Chris A Suijker

{"title":"Foucault and medicine: challenging normative claims.","authors":"Chris A Suijker","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10170-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10170-y","url":null,"abstract":"Some of Michel Foucault's work focusses on an archeological and genealogical analysis of certain aspects of the medical episteme, such as 'Madness and Civilization' (1964/2001), 'The Birth of the Clinic' (1973) and 'The History of Sexuality' (1978/2020a). These and other Foucauldian works have often been invoked to characterize, but also to normatively interpret mechanisms of the currently existing medical episteme. Writers conclude that processes of patient objectification, power, medicalization, observation and discipline are widespread in various areas where the medical specialty operates and that these aspects have certain normative implications for how our society operates or should operate. The Foucauldian concepts used to describe the medical episteme and the normative statements surrounding these concepts will be critically analyzed in this paper.By using Foucault's work and several of his interpreters, I will focus on the balance between processes of subjectification and objectification and the normative implications of these processes by relating Foucault's work and the work of his interpreters to the current medical discipline. Additionally, by focusing on the discussion of death and biopower, the role of physicians in the negation and stigmatization of death is being discussed, mainly through the concept of biopower. Lastly, based on the discussion of panopticism in the medical discipline, this paper treats negative and positive forms power, and a focus will be laid upon forms of resistance against power. The discussed aspects will hopefully shed a different and critical light on the relationship between Foucault's work and medicine, something that eventually can also be deduced from Foucault's later work itself.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"539-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10725842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Authenticity and the argument from testability: a bottom-up approach : Author. 真实性与可检验性论证：一种自下而上的方法：作者。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10166-8

Jasper Debrabander

{"title":"Authenticity and the argument from testability: a bottom-up approach : Author.","authors":"Jasper Debrabander","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10166-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10166-8","url":null,"abstract":"Jesper Ahlin Marceta published an article in this journal in which he formulated his \"argument from testability\", stating that it is impossible, at least practically, to operationalize procedural authenticity. That is, using procedural accounts of authenticity, one cannot reliably differentiate between authentic and inauthentic desires. There are roughly two ways to respond to the argument from testability: top-down and bottom-up. Several authors have endeavored the top-down approach by trying to show that some conceptions of authenticity might be operationalizable after all. At present, however, the bottom-up approach has not been put to the test. That is, no attempt has been made to use a currently existing assessment tool to guide the development of an account of authenticity. In this paper, I will investigate what it means to develop an account of authenticity bottom-up based on measures of concordance. More specifically, I will investigate the following three research questions. First, how do concordance and authenticity relate at a conceptual level? As crucial similarities exist between these concepts, concordance measures seem to offer a good starting point for the bottom-up approach. Second, how do judgements of concordance differ from judgements of authenticity? Both their scope and the way they are justified will turn out to be different. This suggests novel ways to react to Marceta's argument from testability. Third, should we develop a theory of concordance? The positive answer to this question will point towards a central limitation of the bottom-up approach.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"583-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10381674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Editors' statement on the responsible use of generative AI technologies in scholarly journal publishing. 更正：编辑关于在学术期刊出版中负责任地使用人工智能生成技术的声明。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10183-7

Gregory E Kaebnick, David Christopher Magnus, Audiey Kao, Mohammad Hosseini, David Resnik, Veljko Dubljević, Christy Rentmeester, Bert Gordijn, Mark J Cherry

引用次数: 0

Abortion, euthanasia, and the limits of principlism. 堕胎，安乐死，以及原则的极限。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10162-y

Brieann Rigby, Xavier Symons

引用次数: 0

Defending explicability as a principle for the ethics of artificial intelligence in medicine. 将可解释性作为人工智能医学伦理的原则进行辩护。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10175-7

Jonathan Adams

{"title":"Defending explicability as a principle for the ethics of artificial intelligence in medicine.","authors":"Jonathan Adams","doi":"10.1007/s11019-023-10175-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-023-10175-7","url":null,"abstract":"The difficulty of explaining the outputs of artificial intelligence (AI) models and what has led to them is a notorious ethical problem wherever these technologies are applied, including in the medical domain, and one that has no obvious solution. This paper examines the proposal, made by Luciano Floridi and colleagues, to include a new 'principle of explicability' alongside the traditional four principles of bioethics that make up the theory of 'principlism'. It specifically responds to a recent set of criticisms that challenge the supposed need for such a principle to perform an enabling role in relation to the traditional four principles and therefore suggest that these four are sufficient without the addition of explicability. The paper challenges the critics' premise that explicability cannot be an ethical principle like the classic four because it is explicitly subordinate to them. It argues instead that principlism in its original formulation locates the justification for ethical principles in a midlevel position such that they mediate between the most general moral norms and the contextual requirements of medicine. This conception of an ethical principle then provides a mold for an approach to explicability on which it functions as an enabling principle that unifies technical/epistemic demands on AI and the requirements of high-level ethical theories. The paper finishes by anticipating an objection that decision-making by clinicians and AI fall equally, but implausibly, under the principle of explicability's scope, which it rejects on the grounds that human decisions, unlike AI's, can be explained by their social environments.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"615-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10725847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10167149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editors' statement on the responsible use of generative AI technologies in scholarly journal publishing. 编辑关于在学术期刊出版中负责任地使用生成人工智能技术的声明。

IF 2.1 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-023-10176-6

Gregory E Kaebnick, David Christopher Magnus, Audiey Kao, Mohammad Hosseini, David Resnik, Veljko Dubljević, Christy Rentmeester, Bert Gordijn, Mark J Cherry

引用次数: 0