BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Exercise as a preventive and therapeutic strategy for non-communicable diseases in people living with HIV: evidence, mechanisms and clinical implications.","authors":"Nicholas Mwebaze, Timothy Makubuya, Loyce Nahwera, Annet Nankwanga, Denis Bwayo, Evert Verhagen","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003128","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesise evidence on exercise for preventing and managing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among HIV clients, emphasising sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Meta-analyses, randomised trials, cohort studies, mechanistic investigations and implementation reports involving adolescents and adults aged 15+ Priority was given to cardiometabolic, musculoskeletal, neurocognitive, immunological, behavioural, safety, feasibility and low- and middle-income country outcomes.</p><p><strong>Rationale: </strong>People living with HIV face elevated risk of cardiovascular disease, heart failure and type 2 diabetes due to persistent immune activation, chronic inflammation and treatment related metabolic effects. Exercise is a scalable, low-cost intervention with broad benefits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aerobic and combined aerobic plus resistance training performed ≥3 times weekly for ≥5 weeks improves cardiorespiratory fitness and functional capacity with moderate effects, without adverse effects on CD4 or viral load. Resistance and concurrent training increase strength and lean mass and may attenuate bone mineral density loss. Exercise reduces depressive symptoms, improves quality of life and benefits attention and executive function. Mechanistic studies report reduced pro inflammation, improved endothelial function, enhanced mitochondrial capacity and greater antioxidant defence. Feasibility is high with appropriate screening and progression and with adaptations for neuropathy, frailty, pregnancy, low bone density and multimorbidity. Task shifting, digital or community delivery improve uptake despite limited evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise should be integrated into HIV and NCD care using frequency, intensity, time and type principles. Programmes require risk stratification, age and sex sensitivity and behaviour change support. Further research should evaluate mechanistic endpoints, high-intensity interval training dosing, pragmatic delivery models and economic outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambling and problem gambling among male junior elite footballers in Sweden: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, age differences and correlates.","authors":"Anders Nilsson, Håkan Wall, Johanna Gripenberg, Tobias H Elgan","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003241","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine gambling behaviours and problem gambling among Swedish male junior elite football players, including differences between players below and above the legal gambling age, and to identify gambling-related risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among players in the U16, U17 and U19 teams of the 32 clubs in the two highest divisions. In total, 741 players responded (43.3%). Past-year problem gambling was assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine correlates of problem gambling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 32% had gambled in the past year, with higher participation among players who had reached the legal gambling age (63.2% vs 22.4%). Problem gambling was nearly two times as common in this group (13.4%) compared with younger players (7.5%). Slots participation showed the strongest association with problem gambling followed by depressive symptoms. Awareness of gambling policies within clubs was low (15%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gambling and problem gambling are more common among junior elite footballers, including underage players, than in the general population. The sharp increase in gambling after reaching the legal age, combined with low policy awareness, highlights the need for preventive interventions, clearer gambling policies and education within football clubs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147976462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of osteochondral restoration, cell-based regeneration and cell-free implants for knee chondral defects: a systematic review.","authors":"Shivani M Reddy, Caroline B Rains, Joseph Marchese, Leila C Kahwati","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002889","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chondral defects of the knee can impair function, reduce quality of life and accelerate progression to osteoarthritis. Treatment aims to delay further cartilage damage and reduce the risk of early-onset osteoarthritis and knee replacement. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness and safety of chondral defect repair procedures on the knee.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed and Cochrane Library.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>Interventions were matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI), osteochondral autologous transplantation (OATS) and cell-free implants. Comparators included microfracture (MF). Eligible study designs were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs). Eligible outcomes included patient-reported outcomes (PROs), clinical response, treatment failure, reoperation and harms. Risk-of-bias assessments (RoB) on all included studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) for the RCTs and Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions tool for the NRSIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>13 studies reported effectiveness and 8 studies reported harms. MACI was more effective than MF, measured by PROs and response to treatment (<i>moderate</i> certainty of evidence (COE) from RCTs, <i>very low</i> to <i>low</i> COE from NRSIs). Evidence comparing OATS with MF suggested no difference in effectiveness, as measured by PROs (<i>low</i> COE from RCTs and <i>very low</i> COE from NRSIs). MACI and OATS had similar harms to MF (COE <i>low</i> and <i>very low</i>). Evidence for cell-free implants suggested greater effectiveness (<i>moderate</i> COE) and fewer harms (<i>low</i> COE) compared with MF. No studies compared these procedures to sham surgery or conservative management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MACI and OATS showed greater or comparable effectiveness compared with MF. Harms were comparable between procedures, though reporting was sparse. Rigorous study design, standardised effectiveness outcomes and consistent reporting of harms would strengthen the evidence base. These findings can inform clinical decision-making and identify future research needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e002889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on dental disease prevention in sub-elite competitive endurance sports: a mixed-methods analysis.","authors":"Annabel Simpson, Rebecca O'Hanlon, Chris Easton, Fiona Henriquez, Mia C Burleigh","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003230","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competitive athletes consistently demonstrate high rates of oral disease. This mixed-methods study investigated and compared the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of athletes, coaches and dental healthcare professionals (DHPs) regarding oral disease prevention in a cohort of predominantly endurance athletes to inform future targeted health promotion. An online questionnaire was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from sub-elite competitive endurance athletes, coaches, and DHPs, which were analysed using a mixed-methods approach. Responses from 67 athletes, 33 coaches, and 33 DHPs were analysed. Median knowledge scores were poor for athletes and coaches (36.4%) and DHPs (45.5%), with 0% as the lowest possible score and 100% the highest. Few coaches considered dental disease prevention part of their role, although most acknowledged responsibility for broader athlete health. DHPs applied evidence-based preventive principles to all patients but exhibited limited awareness of sport-specific risk factors and reported barriers in treating athletes, including time constraints and limited knowledge of the competitive sports environment. Overall, knowledge of dental disease prevention in competitive sport was low across all groups. Targeted educational and behavioural interventions could help reduce disease burden and its impact on athlete performance and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to return to sports in football players recovering from lower limb soft tissue injuries: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Jente Wagemans, Elaheh Ahmadi, Jan Taeymans, Jeroen Van Eetvelt, Geert Van Neylen, Peter Catteeuw, Heiner Baur, Dirk Vissers","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003245","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Depict football players' average times to return to sports (RTS) after non-contact lower limb soft-tissue injuries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review with meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, WoS, Scopus, PEDro, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: </strong>We included records investigating time to return to sports in football players suffering from non-contact lower limb soft-tissue injuries.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>Time to return to sports was the main outcome. We appraised the quality of the included studies with the QualSyst tool for quantitative research. A random-effects model was wielded for the meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>39 studies were included. Time to return to match (RTM) for ligament injuries ranged from 43 days (lateral collateral ligament) to 249.6 days (ACL rupture and repair (ACLR); RTM for muscle injuries ranged from 21 days (hamstring muscle injury) to 69.1 days (soleus); RTM for tendon injuries ranged from 29.4 days (patella tendinopathy) to 220.4 days (Achilles tendon rupture). Time to return to training (RTT) for ligament injuries is also longest for ACLR (212.9 days) and lowest for lateral ankle sprain (19.9 days); RTT for muscle injuries ranged from 8 days (hamstring muscle injury grade 0 to 65.3 days (HMI grade 3)); popliteus tendinopathy (11 days) had lowest RTT among tendon injuries, groin pain had the longest (45 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review provides an overview of RTS times-expressed as RTT and RTM-for lower limb injuries in football players. Our results also underscore the existing variability in wielded RTS definitions and injury classifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common MRI findings in pre-signing medical assessments of professional soccer players.","authors":"Elena Höhne, Scherwin Mahmoudi, Thomas Vogl, Katrin Eichler, Christian Booz, Simon Bernatz, Christian Haser, Fabian Plachel, Florian Pfab, Ibrahim Yel","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003233","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>In professional soccer, comprehensive musculoskeletal assessments are performed prior to player transfers to evaluate both the current condition and future risk of injury. MRI plays a crucial role in this process, effectively revealing musculoskeletal findings even in the absence of symptoms. This study presents common musculoskeletal MRI findings in professional soccer players undergoing pre-signing assessments and their associations with age, playing position and footedness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, musculoskeletal 3 Tesla MRI scans obtained during pre-signing medical assessments of professional soccer players from August 2019 to March 2025 were included. Clinical data were extracted from medical records and supplemented with publicly available player information. Structural abnormalities exceeding expected physiological or age-related adaptations were systematically recorded and categorised according to institutional reporting practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 professional soccer players (mean age 25.4±4.7 years) were included. The most frequent MRI findings were secondary cleft signs and lumbar degenerative disc changes (in 21/50 and 20/50 players), followed by chondropathy of the knee (34%), labral degeneration (26%), femoroacetabular impingement (22%) and other soft tissue or bone-related changes. The prevalence of secondary clefts differed significantly across playing positions (χ²=8.07, p=0.045) with strikers showing the highest proportion (68.75%) compared with other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Routine MRI screening in professional soccer players revealed typical frequent structural changes, even in the absence of symptoms. While most findings were consistently distributed across positions, some showed variation depending on playing position. These results highlight the value of early imaging in guiding individualised monitoring and injury prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily stress, sleep, fatigue and muscle soreness and their associations with injury and time loss in Para athletes: a 50-week prospective study.","authors":"Fernanda Madaleno, Juliana Ocarino, Evert Verhagen, Larissa Pinheiro, Evi Wezenbeek, Erik Witvrouw, Dawit Albieiro Gonçalves, Lucas Siqueira Moraes, Marco Tulio de Mello, Andressa Silva, Renan Resende","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002950","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To study the associations between daily self-reported stress, sleep quality, muscle soreness and fatigue in the previous week and weekly injury status and injury-related time loss in the following week among Para athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from January to December 2022 at two Brazilian Paralympic Reference Centers, including Para athletes from swimming, athletics, powerlifting and taekwondo. The OSTRC-H2 questionnaire was administered weekly to record injuries, while the Hooper questionnaire was applied daily to assess sleep quality, stress, muscle soreness and fatigue. Multilevel logistic regression estimated ORs and 95% CIs for associations between daily Hooper variables in the previous week and injury status and injury-related time loss in the following week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one Para athletes participated. High stress levels were associated with greater odds of presenting a gradual-onset injury status in the following week compared with low stress levels (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.72). High fatigue levels were associated with increased odds of presenting a substantial gradual-onset injury status (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.45). Moderate fatigue (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.89) and muscle soreness (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99) were associated with lower odds of injury-related time loss, while moderate sleep quality was linked to increased odds of time loss (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Monitoring self-reported stress, fatigue and muscle soreness may help identify athletes more likely to report gradual-onset or substantial gradual-onset injury status or to experience injury-related time loss, highlighting the value of tailored injury prevention strategies in Para sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e002950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study exploring factors linked to adolescent athletes' mental health during sports injury.","authors":"Catherine Wheatley, Rachel Arnold, Lee Moore, Lauren J Cleave, Robert H Mann, Eesha J Shah, Carly Mckay","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003082","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescent athletes have specific developmental risks for sports injury and the onset of mental health problems. Research has typically focused on mental health during specific sports injury phases, such as rehabilitation, with little consideration for factors linked to adolescence. This qualitative study retrospectively explored factors influencing adolescent athletes' mental health across the injury course, emphasising developmental, social, environmental and sport-cultural contexts. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 27 athletes aged 16-21 years who had sustained a severe time-loss injury in the past 6 months. Participants completed a visual timeline to support reflections on mental health from injury onset to rehabilitation or return to sport. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, combining inductive and deductive approaches. Five themes described factors linked to fluctuating mental health. 'Finding my inner strength' explores how injury introduced vulnerability to developing personal identities, which led to self-blame for injury-risk behaviour, training through pain and social withdrawal. 'Making sense of my emotions' describes how injury triggered overwhelming worries, amplified by unexplained pain and losing sport as a coping strategy. 'Learning to look after myself' considers how athletes' growing independence and emotional autonomy can be thwarted by parents during injury, prompting frustration and lowered self-esteem. 'Accepting peer judgement and support' explores how worries about peer evaluation led to concealing injury and social withdrawal, and social exclusion prompted lowered mood and self-esteem. 'Adapting to the system' describes how diagnostic uncertainty and rigid or unsupportive sport cultures caused frustration and lowered self-esteem, and prevented help-seeking. Cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation skills at the individual level, and social support and mental health literacy at interpersonal and organisational levels, were positive for adolescents' mental health at challenging points during injury. These factors may make suitable intervention targets to support athlete mental health while injured.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex, but not exposure-related variables, predicts baseline serum glial fibrillar acidic protein and neurofilament light levels in contact sport athletes.","authors":"Melissa Anderson, Caitlin A Gallo, Scott W Passalugo, Jessica Gill, Rany Vorn, Jaclyn B Caccese, Kenneth L Cameron, Steven R Malvasi, Megan H Roach, Jonathan C Jackson, Gerald McGinty, Steven Broglio, Thomas W McAllister, Michael McCrea, Paul F Pasquina, Thomas A Buckley","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003122","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-003122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exposure to repetitive head impacts sustained during routine sports participation may result in elevated levels of brain-derived biomarkers (BDM) glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP), NFL, total tau and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) independent of concussion occurrence. However, the extent to which sport career duration and sex influence BDM remains unclear. This cross-sectional study examined whether biological sex and exposure-related variables, including age of first exposure to contact sports and time since most recent concussion, were associated with preseason serum concentrations of four brain-derived biomarkers in healthy contact and collision sport athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female collegiate athletes (n=700) participating in contact and collision sports were recruited from six Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium sites. Non-fasting venous blood samples were collected during preseason testing, and serum concentrations of GFAP, NFL, UCH-L1 and total tau were quantified. General linear models were used to examine whether biomarker concentrations differed by sex, with sport included as a covariate to account for differences in head impact exposure profiles, age of first exposure (AFE) to contact sports and time since most recent concussion. Separate univariate regressions were conducted within football athletes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sex significantly predicted GFAP (p<0.001, η²=0.123) and NFL (p=0.029, η² =0.042) concentrations, with females exhibiting higher serum levels than males. Neither sport, AFE nor time since concussion significantly influenced biomarker concentrations. No significant predictors were identified for UCH-L1 or total tau. In the football-specific analysis, AFE and time since concussion were not associated with biomarker levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collegiate females participating in contact and collision sports have significantly higher GFAP and NFL serum concentrations than age-matched and sport-matched males, independent of sport, AFE and time since concussion. These findings may contribute to understanding sex-based biological sensitivity to head impact exposure and support the development of biomarker-informed monitoring strategies in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of breaking up sitting with regular active breaks on glucose management and vascular function in adults with type 1 diabetes who use hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery systems: a randomised crossover trial protocol.","authors":"Joseph Graham Jenkins, Matthew Cocks, Samuel J E Lucas, Catarina Rendeiro, Tiago Peçanha, Joseph Maxwell, Jacob Harrison Tennant, Georgia Philpot, Parth Narendran, Robert Andrews, Sam N Scott, Katie Hesketh","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003240","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2026-003240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedentary behaviour is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recent research has found that interrupting prolonged sitting with low-intensity activity acutely improves glycaemic management in people with T1D who use multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. However, the acute glycaemic effects of breaking up sitting with low-intensity walking on people with T1D using hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin systems are yet to be examined. The primary aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of breaking up 7 hours of sitting with 3 min intervals of low-intensity walking every 30 min on glucose management in individuals with T1D who use HCL systems. Adults with T1D (n=24), who use HCL systems, will complete two experimental conditions in this randomised cross-over trial. One condition will require sitting uninterrupted for 7 hours (Sedentary), while the other will require breaking up 7 hours of sitting with 3 min of low-intensity walking every 30 min (Active Breaks). During both conditions, interstitial glucose concentrations (via CGM) and insulin administration (via HCL) will be recorded throughout. In addition, peripheral vascular function (via flow-mediated dilation) and cerebral vascular function (via CO₂ reactivity) will be measured at baseline and post. Data will be analysed using paired t-tests and analyses of variance. The trial has been approved in the UK by the London City and East Research Ethics Committee (25/PR/0098). The findings from the study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international scientific conferences. Trial registration number: ISRCTN56375691.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"12 2","pages":"e003240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}