BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of an app-based physical training for long- and post-COVID treatment (A PILOT) study: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Sarah Isabel Krieg, Lynn Matits, Lennart Mentz, Johannes Kirsten, Birgit Friedmann-Bette, Andreas Niess, Peter Deibert, Philipp Maier, Michèle Natale, Gunnar Erz, Daniel Alexander Bizjak, Jana Schellenberg","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002540","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long- and post-COVID syndrome (PCS) affect at least 65 million individuals globally, with an estimated incidence of 10% among over 651 million documented cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PCS impacts nearly every organ system, posing significant challenges for healthcare systems and patients. Despite this, effective guidelines for multimodal training or rehabilitation remain absent. The app-based physical intervention for long- and post-COVID treatment (A PILOT) study is a prospective, multicentre, two-armed, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an app-based multimodal training intervention in patients with PCS. 100 participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). Over 2 months, the IG will follow a standardised app-based intervention programme incorporating breathing exercises, endurance and strength training and progressive muscle relaxation. The CG will adhere to general WHO exercise recommendations during the waiting period and gain access to the app after the study concludes. Comprehensive assessments, including physical examinations, blood tests, psychological questionnaires, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, will be conducted pre- and post-intervention. The primary endpoints are the effects of app-based multimodal training on physical performance, neurocognitive function and health-related quality of life. Secondary endpoints include mental health outcomes (eg, depression, perceived stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness), echocardiographic and anthropometric measures and alterations in inflammatory markers and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway. This study aims to provide critical insights into structured app-based programmes, potentially establishing a framework for improving recovery in PCS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Omron and ActiGraph monitors in estimating daily step counts and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity in free-living adults.","authors":"Hiroko Shimura, Shinpei Okada, Kazushi Maruo, Kaori Daimaru, Naoki Deguchi, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Hiroyuki Sasai","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002402","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared the Omron Active style Pro HJA-750C (OM) and the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT (AG) in estimating daily physical activity-step counts and time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)-in free-living adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Japanese adults without gait abnormalities wore both devices during waking hours for seven consecutive days. Data were aggregated into daily steps and MVPA. A valid day required ≥10 hours of AG wear time with ≥100 and <50 000 accumulated steps from both devices. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots with multilevel analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final dataset included 129 participants (age 23-89 years, 50.4% women), totalling 887 observations (5-7 daily observations/participant). OM estimated an overall mean of 7456 (SE 253) steps/day and 68.9 (SE 2.8) min/day in MVPA. Bland-Altman plots showed that OM estimated -56 steps/day (95% limits of agreement (LoA) = -1599; 1486) and +23 min/day (LoA = -17; 63) in MVPA compared with AG. Differences tended to increase with higher mean estimates for both step counts and MVPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OM estimated substantially more daily time spent in MVPA but showed similar daily step counts compared with AG. Differences were larger with higher activity levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grip strength, muscle soreness and pain threshold perception evolution in baseball pitchers in a simulated 75-pitch game: a repeated measures study.","authors":"Mathieu Tremblay, Samuel Anderson Sirois, Jacques Abboud, Martin Descarreaux","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002146","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>In baseball pitching, neuromuscular fatigue and its manifestations on muscle strength, muscle soreness and pain perception affect pitching performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the evolution of grip strength, muscle soreness and pain threshold perception and pitching velocity in baseball pitchers throughout a simulated 75-pitch game.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>30 high-level amateur male baseball pitchers were recruited. Repeated measure analysis of covariance with age as a covariate (p<0.05) was used to identify significant differences across blocks of pitches for grip strength, muscle soreness, pain threshold perception and pitching velocity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dominant arm grip strength (55.67±12.32 kg to 48.62±12.25 kg ; -12.66%) and pitching velocity (119.87±8.00 km/hour to 118.75±6.90 km/hour ; -0.93%) declined while muscle soreness perception increased in dominant arm forearm flexors (1.65±1.16 to 4.19±2.02 ; 25.38%), biceps (1.81±1.39 to 4.31±1.85 ; 25%) and non-dominant arm forearm flexors (1.38±1.10 to 2.12±1.63 ; 7.31%) across the pitching blocks (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, a pitch count of 75 fastball pitches triggered an acute decline in grip strength combined with an increase in muscle soreness perception of the throwing arm in baseball pitchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving functional capacity in haemophilia through adapted physical activity: a pilot study protocol.","authors":"Erika Pinelli, Lelia Valdrè, Lydia Piscitelli, Giulio Senesi, Maria Scoppolini Massini, Valentina Guarino, Isabella Diletta Cavalieri, Giuseppe Barone, Raffaele Zinno, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Giuseppina Mariagrazia Farella, Laura Bragonzoni","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002494","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haemophilia, a genetic disorder characterised by deficient clotting factors, often leads to musculoskeletal complications such as haemophilic arthropathy. These complications result in reduced functional capacity, muscle weakness and kinesiophobia, which further exacerbate physical inactivity and psychological distress. The World Federation of Haemophilia recommends including regular physical activity in the management plans for individuals with haemophilia, emphasising its benefits for bone and muscle strengthening, improved coordination, maintenance of healthy body weight and enhanced self-esteem. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted physical activity (APA) programme in individuals with haemophilia. The primary objective is to analyse changes in functional capacity following participants' completion of the exercise programme. Additionally, the study evaluates the programme's impact on joint mobility, kinesiophobia, limitations in daily activities and static and dynamic balance. It is hypothesised that the APA programme may improve or maintain joint mobility, increase muscle strength, enhance proprioception and reduce fear of movement (kinesiophobia), thus contributing to an overall improvement in physical function in participants. The intervention is carefully designed to prioritise safety and proper execution. It incorporates low-impact, low- to moderate-intensity exercises tailored to individual joint functionality. Supervised by qualified professionals, the programme aims to minimise excessive joint loading and prevent haemarthrosis while promoting muscle strength, joint mobility and proprioception. The programme is structured into 1-hour sessions held twice weekly for 6 months. Each session has three sections: warm-up, the main part (strength, mobility, proprioception and balance exercises) and cool-down.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher level of communication between the medical staff and the performance staff is associated with a lower hamstring injury burden: a substudy on 14 teams from the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study.","authors":"Jan Ekstrand, Martin Hägglund, Markus Waldén, Håkan Gauffin, Christophe Baudot, Paco Biosca, Markus Braun, Karl Heinrich Dittmar, Dimitrios Kalogiannidis, Steve McNally, Ricard Pruna, Nelson Puga, Max Sala, Luca Stefanini, Peter Ueblacker, Bruno Vanhecke, Maikel van Wijk, Wart Van Zoest, José Maria Villalón Alonso, Armin Spreco","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002182","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>External risk factors connected to club, team and coaching are believed to be important in the causation of hamstring injuries, but little is known about the preventive measures used. The objective was to analyse the association between preventive factors and hamstring muscle injury burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>14 teams participated in the Union of European Football Associations Champions/Europa Leagues from 2019/2020 to 2022/2023. An open question was sent out in January 2023 to the four teams with the lowest hamstring muscle injury burden, asking why their teams had successfully avoided hamstring muscle injuries and which preventive methods they had used. A questionnaire that investigated the use of these methods was sent to all 14 teams in February 2023. A multiple linear regression model was applied, using injury burden as an outcome variable and the questionnaire responses as possible explanatory variables possibly adjusted for team and season.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preventive methods included factors such as the level of communication between the coach, the medical staff and the performance staff. The adjusted multiple linear regression model indicated that communication between the medical staff and the performance staff was negatively associated with an increased hamstring muscle injury burden, where for every 'higher' grade of the communication variable, the average injury burden decreased by 4.1 (95% CI -8.2 to -0.04, p=0.048) days per 1000 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Better communication between the medical and the performance staff and continuous involvement of the medical staff in load management was associated with a lower hamstring injury burden in male professional football teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive study on injuries and illness in Dutch female adolescent and young adult handball players.","authors":"Riff Ekelschot, Michel Van den Bekerom, Linda Van Maanen-Coppens, Evert Verhagen","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002204","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study describes the magnitude and burden of injuries and illnesses in elite Dutch female adolescent and young adult handball players.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective open cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>10 consecutive seasons were studied using a database including all injuries and illnesses needing medical attention. In total, 102 handball players, who participated in a full-time programme of the Dutch Handball Academy between August 2009 and July 2019, were included. Injuries were classified according to the consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee. Exposure hours were categorised into training and competition exposure. Training exposure included all handball and strength and conditioning sessions. Burden was defined as the injury duration in days divided by the total exposure hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 916 injuries in 101 players and 95 illnesses in 59 players were reported. The average seasonal prevalence was 83.2% for acute injuries and 78.7% for repetitive injuries. The overall incidence rate was 4.24/1000 exposure hours with an incidence of 23.06/1000 competition hours and 2.19/1000 practice hours. The highest average seasonal prevalence and burden were observed for repetitive injuries of the lumbosacral spine, knee and lower leg and acute injuries of the ankle and knee.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High injury prevalence proportions and competition incidence rates were observed. Repetitive injuries of the lumbosacral spine, knee and lower leg, as well as acute injuries of the knee and ankle, formed the largest problem. Future prevention programmes in elite Dutch adolescent and young adult female handball players should therefore focus on these injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incidence and burden of concussion in men's and women's English professional football.","authors":"Bradley Sprouse, John Morris, Simon Cooper, Charlotte Cowie, Steve Kemp, Pippa Bennett, Ian Varley","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002297","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the incidence and burden of concussion in elite English football; and to compare between sexes (men's vs women's football), activity (matches vs training) and level (international vs domestic).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Concussion injuries in men's and women's international football (2012-2022) and men's (2013-2022) and women's (2018-2022) English domestic football were diagnosed and recorded by club/team-based medical practitioners, alongside training and match exposure. Severity was also reported based on days lost due to concussion; subsequently, incidence and burden were calculated. Comparisons were made between sexes (men's vs women's football), activity (matches vs training) and level (international vs domestic) using ORs (relative to non-concussion injuries).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>327 concussions were reported. Concussion accounted for 7% of all injuries in women's international football, 5% in women's domestic, 3% in men's international, and 2% in men's domestic. Concussions were more likely to occur in matches than training (OR 1.03-2.55), with this difference only significant for men's and women's domestic football. The burden was higher for matches than training (OR 1.38-1.63), except for women's international football, which was lower in matches (OR 0.46). Concussions were more likely to occur in women's international training than domestic (OR 1.81), and the burden was higher in international football (OR 1.10-3.93). The incidence (OR 2.09-4.65) and burden (OR 1.55-5.34) of concussion were higher in women compared with men's football.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data provide benchmark statistics for concussions in elite English football, enabling comparisons and assessing the efficacy of future concussion prevention strategies. Contextual factors such as sex (women>men), activity (matches>training), and level (international>domestic) influence the incidence and burden of concussion injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002297"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To compare the effect and durability of the effect of corrective exercise and manual therapy focused on the back versus hip on disability, function, pressure pain, pain map, health and psychological status of the elderly with chronic back and hip pain: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.","authors":"Mobina Khabiri, Amir Letafatkar, Mahdi Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002454","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a protocol for a randomised control trial to compare the effect and durability of the effect of corrective exercise, and manual therapy focused on the back versus hip versus back and hip on disability, function, pressure pain threshold, pressure pain mapping, health and psychological status of the elderly with chronic back and hip pain. A total of 75 elderly participants will be assigned randomly into three groups, including back-focused exercises (n=25), hip-focused exercises (n=25) and back-focused and hip-focused exercises (n=25). Primary outcomes (disability and function) and secondary outcomes (pressure pain threshold, pressure pain mapping, health status and psychological factors) will be evaluated before, immediately after and 6 months after the 8 week exercise intervention. The data will be analysed using a general linear model repeated measures analysis of variance including both within and between factors (three groups*three times) with Bonferroni adjustments used as a post-hoc test at a significant level of 0.05. This trial will demonstrate whether back versus hip versus back-focused and hip-focused manual therapy can better improve the disability, function, pressure pain threshold, pressure pain mapping, health and psychological status of the elderly with chronic back and hip pain. If successful, this study's findings and information will potentially have implications for addressing back and hip pain in the elderly population by an alternative multidisciplinary approach. Trial registration number: IRCT20220911055941N1.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussion knowledge and attitude of English youth rugby players: the RUCKAS-YOUTH survey.","authors":"David Silver, Rachel Faull-Brown, Russell McClusky, Nicola Brown, Stephen Patterson, Keith Stokes, Simon P T Kemp","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002003","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This cross-sectional study describes the concussion knowledge and attitudes of male and female 14-18 year-old school rugby union players in England.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 515 (male 421, female 94) players from 19 schools were collected via the specifically designed Rugby Union Concussion Knowledge and Attitude Survey (RUCKAS-YOUTH) between 2019 and 2022. Knowledge and attitude questions were grouped into themes and analysed against primary cohorts of sex, school status and age group and secondary cohorts of stated Rugby Football Union (RFU) education conduction, concussion history and rugby experience. Associations between knowledge and attitudes were then explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association between total concussion knowledge and attitude was found. Mean concussion knowledge was 79.3% (26.2/33±2.9). The mean concussion attitude safety score was 76% (129.3/170±14.8). RFU 'Don't Be a HEADCASE' module completion was low (16.9%) and was not associated with concussion knowledge. Private school participants reported significantly safer attitudes towards concussion (77.8%, 132.2±14.0) than state school pupils (74.5%, 126.6±15.1), but not greater concussion knowledge. Male and female participants held similar knowledge and attitudes towards concussion, as did participants across the age spectrum. Concussion attitude safety was significantly greater in players with 7-15 years of playing experience than in the younger cohort (U=27 563.0 p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RUCKAS-YOUTH survey provides a detailed description of UK youth rugby concussion knowledge and attitudes. The survey results indicate that attitudes towards concussion, particularly those that influence symptom disclosure, should be a primary focus of concussion risk reduction interventions once key gaps in knowledge are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11877216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-loss and recurrence rate of lateral ankle sprains in male professional football players depending on the severity grade: do we trivialise LAS?","authors":"Zacharias Flore, Karen Hambly, Kyra De Coninck, Götz Welsch","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002271","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are among the most common injuries in professional football (soccer). Despite this, the severity and possible long-term consequences of LAS remain trivialised. This multicentre observational study in German elite football provides insights into time-loss and recurrence rates after LAS. Time-loss and recurrence rates are outcome measures vital for the future evaluation of rehabilitation protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>798 male football players representing 34 teams from 13 professional German football clubs participated in this study during the 2021-2022 season, followed by a 12-month follow-up period. Data collection and reporting were carried out in accordance with the UEFA recommendations for the standardised collection of data on football injuries. Time-loss, recurrence rate and standardised severity grades (I-III) after LAS were recorded for professionals, U23, U19 and U17, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 187 ankle injuries were reported, with 115 out of the total being analysed. The overall time-loss was 29.89 days, with significant differences between youth elite players and professionals (32.96 vs 15.53 days lost; p<0.001). Professional players demonstrated the shortest time-loss in all LAS injury grades. Time-loss decreased with advancing age (<i>R</i> ²=0.03, <i>F</i>(1, 106)=3.16, p=0.078). Grade I LAS's time-loss differs significantly from grades II and III (p<0.001). A recurrent LAS was recorded in 34 players. The overall LAS recurrence rate was 25.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides data on time-loss and recurrence, which serve as reference values for future evaluation of rehabilitation concepts after LAS in elite football players.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"e002271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}