BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of fundamental movement skill mastery in school-aged children and adolescents: a systematic review.","authors":"Miguel Lorenzo-Martínez, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Aida Carballo-Fazanes, Ezequiel Rey","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review aimed to summarise worldwide levels of fundamental movement skills (FMS) mastery in children and adolescents according to their age and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were identified by searching three electronic databases (Medline, Scopus and Web of Science). The final search included literature up to 28 December 2023. Only studies assessing FMS mastery in typically developing children or adolescents using process-oriented tools were included. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. The results of studies were quantitatively summarised, and weighted means of mastery levels were calculated based on age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>31 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising data from 22 595 subjects across 10 different countries. FMS mastery generally increases with age, although different FMS develop at different rates. In terms of sex, males demonstrated higher mastery in most object-control skills, while females outperformed males in all stability skills and certain locomotor skills.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings provide valuable insights into age-related trends and sex differences in FMS development among children and adolescents. It seems that many children worldwide do not achieve mastery in most FMS during childhood. Regular FMS assessments are crucial to identify development delays and to design appropriate interventions. Moreover, there appear to be specific ages at which developing targeted interventions for certain FMS is more critical, as mastery of these skills is more readily attainable.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42023404061.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising body postures by injury scenarios: a video review analysis of hamstring strain injuries in the National Football League.","authors":"Tom Myslinski, Naoaki Ito, Gwansik Park, Leigh Weiss, Bryan Heiderscheit, Eric Sugarman, John Mellody, Joe Cormier, Tyler Williams, Roland Ramirez, Sam Ramsden, Kristy B Arbogast, Jeff R Crandall","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to (1) establish the agreement of multiple expert reviewers' identification of hamstring strain injury (HSI) scenarios and related body postures among National Football League (NFL) players and (2) determine the prevalence of each HSI scenario and associated body posture in the NFL between 2018 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Videos from 305 HSIs in the NFL were reviewed in a blinded fashion by two expert reviewers, who classified the injuries into seven predefined injury scenarios developed by a separate committee of experts. Lower extremity body postures were also identified. Cohen's Kappa coefficients were calculated to determine inter-rater agreement and used to select the subset of injuries to be described via injury scenario and body posture with the intent of minimising bias or ambiguity in reporting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>137/305 (45%) injury videos met the criteria for inclusion in the final dataset based on assessment of classification agreement. Agreement in injury scenario and body posture ranged from poor to moderate. Sprinting injuries were the most common scenario (59/137, 43%). Unique scenarios specific to American football demonstrated the importance of excessive trunk flexion during contact, or during acceleration and change of direction (54/137, 39%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using a systematic approach involving multiple expert reviewers, sprint-related injury scenarios were highlighted as the most common injury scenario for HSIs. Specific to American football; however, excessive trunk flexion during contact plays or during acceleration and change of direction may be important to consider for injury prevention or rehabilitation from HSIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002749"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Priority setting of healthcare provider barriers and facilitators to supporting patient physical activity in rheumatology: a nominal group technique study.","authors":"Manuel Ester, Daniel Case Gillespie, Kiran Dhiman, Racheal Githumbi, Melissa Sipley, Kamala Adhikari, Claire Barber","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the most important barriers, facilitators and resources identified by rheumatology healthcare providers (HCPs) to supporting physical activity (PA) among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nominal group technique (NGT) sessions were conducted with rheumatology HCPs following a structured process of idea generation, discussion and independent rating. Determinants and resources were grouped into themes and mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 rheumatology HCPs participated in four NGT sessions. RA HCPs identified 14 facilitators and 14 barriers to PA promotion, along with 12 helpful resources and 13 additional resource needs. The most important facilitators were patient-centred PA discussions, reassurance around movement safety and delegating PA counselling to exercise professionals. Key barriers included limited time, patient information overload and ineffective handouts. Six overarching themes were emphasised after grouping and theoretical mapping: patient-provider conversations, interdisciplinary teamwork, counselling skills, monitoring and feedback, time and capacity and resource quality. The six categories of key resources were tailored programmes, educational handouts, referral tools, exercise professionals, online tools and professional development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key barriers and facilitators influencing how rheumatology HCPs support PA among RA patients, highlighting the importance of tailored discussions, interdisciplinary teamwork, counselling skills and supportive resources. HCPs emphasised the need for high-quality, RA-specific resources such as allied health networks and RA-specific programmes. Theoretical mapping pinpointed targets within capability, opportunity and motivation to enhance PA promotion. Ongoing work is underway to codevelop evidence-based tools addressing these determinants to improve PA support for individuals with RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Don't tell the coach': contact breast injury and breast pain in under-18 international female rugby players.","authors":"Eloise Elizabeth Kirby, Melissa Elizabeth Annie Jones, Seren Lois Evans, Vicky M Gottwald, Julian Andrew Owen","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Contact breast injury (CBI) and exercise-induced breast pain (EIBP) are common in adult female contact sports; however, incidence in adolescent players is unknown. The present study investigated the occurrence, mechanism and reporting behaviours of CBI and EIBP in under-18 international female rugby union.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was distributed to players (n=110, 17.0±0.7 years) participating in the Women's U18 Six Nations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incidence of CBI and EIBP was 39% and 43%, respectively. Seventy-seven percent of players affected by CBI had experienced multiple incidents in the previous year. Activities associated with the highest severity of EIBP were running, jumping and tackling, with 27% reporting that breast pain inhibited their performance. Concerningly, 64% of players did not report CBI, and no injuries were reported to coaching/medical personnel. Notably, over half of players did not consciously adopt strategies to prevent CBI, which may be attributed to various bio-psycho-social mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While there is a worryingly high incidence of CBI and EIBP in adolescent female international rugby players, reporting remains low, and there is a lack of uptake of support/protective strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the effectiveness of female-specific protective equipment and educational programmes, aiming to improve breast health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002736"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on sport mental health assessment tool-1 false negative rates from the 2024 Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games.","authors":"Travis Anderson, Jessica Bartley, Angel Brutus, Karen D Cogan, Ashley N Triplett, Amber Donaldson, Jonathan Finnoff, Eric G Post, William M Adams","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002608","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool-1 (SMHAT-1) was developed to screen elite athletes for mental health concerns. Previous work demonstrated high false negative rates (FNRs) for the initial triage step of the tool, but given the novelty of the deployment of the SMHAT-1 during large multisport, multinational competitions, replication of these findings was justified and required. This study, therefore, aimed to recalculate classification performance metrics at the triage step and investigate potential reasons for the high FNRs observed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All athletes (n=847) completed steps 1 and 2, including an additional Posttraumatic Stress Disorder questionnaire, and FNRs were calculated. Exploratory analysis, including an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), was used to investigate the latent constructs being captured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Classification performance metrics indicated FNRs ranging from 0% (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) and PHQ9 Item 9) to 63.16% (Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire (BEDAQ)), consistent with previous findings. The EFA identified nine latent factors in step 2, with each instrument appearing to mostly favour its own independent factor, highlighting a range of distinct latent constructs. An exploratory mixed graphical model revealed some step 2 clusters that were not closely linked with the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) items.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings confirm previous concerns regarding the APSQ's sensitivity and underscore the challenge of using a single triage tool to capture the broad spectrum of mental health issues assessed by the SMHAT-1. Future work should consider a bespoke triage tool to better capture the diverse mental health needs of elite athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective head-and-neck cooling as a treatment method for concussions in elite male rugby union players: the Clinical Observed Outcomes with Local HEad-and-neck cooling After Diagnosed concussions (COOLHEAD) study protocol.","authors":"James Brown, Michael Dunlop, Marelise Badenhorst, Cameron Owen, Niklas Marklund, Peter Andrews, Andrew Hay, Marco Bazo, Herman Rossouw, David Hanly, Craig Dyson, Daniel Jones, Keith Stokes, Simon P T Kemp, Matt Cross, Ben Jones","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002915","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sports-related concussions (SRCs) typically occur when the brain is hyperthermic. Acute head-and-neck cooling should, therefore, reduce the brain's metabolic demands, with the potential to improve recovery following an SRC. Elite ice hockey players who underwent head-and-neck cooling after sustaining a concussion (SRC) showed reduced return-to-play times, although further investigation is warranted. This paper aims to describe the methods proposed for investigating the clinical effects and feasibility of acute head-and-neck cooling in elite male rugby union players. A quasi-experimental study will be conducted in two professional male rugby competitions (clusters): the United Rugby Championship 'intervention group' and the PREM Rugby 'standard care group'. Both groups will follow World Rugby's standardised, graduated return-to-play concussion management protocols. In addition to this, within 30 min of the SRC, the intervention group will be offered head-and-neck cooling for 45 min. The quantitative phase of the study will collect return-to-play times and clinical outcomes in both groups (sample size calculated: 100 concussions per cohort). The qualitative phase will explore the experiences of players and medical teams with the intervention. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, using appropriate regression modelling techniques, will adjust for possible confounders between the two groups, and thematic content analysis will be employed in the analysis of the respective phases. The Clinical Observed Outcomes with Local HEad-neck cooling After Diagnosed concussions study will provide evidence regarding acute head-and-neck cooling as a potential adjunct treatment to current concussion management in elite male rugby union.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise, radial pressure waves, and photobiomodulation for management of non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy in runners: a three-arm non-blinded randomised control trial.","authors":"Adam S Tenforde, Linh Pham, Logan Walter Gaudette, Margaret M Funk, Katie El Vogel, Michelle M Bruneau, Xiaoning Yuan, Jeremy D Schroeder, Brad Isaacson, Nelson Hagar, Elizabeth Metzger, David C Nolan, Joshua Tam, Karin Gravare Silbernagel","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002442","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common running injury. Exercise loading programme (EXER) is the primary treatment. Other options include radial pressure wave (RPW, commonly referred to as shockwave) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). We hypothesised that EXER+RPW and EXER+RPW+PBMT would result in greater reduction in symptoms measured using the eight-item Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) and greater improvement in functional outcomes compared with EXER. A secondary aim was to explore outcomes using elective treatment for three additional months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Runners with AT and symptoms exceeding 3 months were randomised to EXER, EXER+RPW or EXER+RPW+ PBMT. RPW was delivered once weekly for three treatments. Those assigned to receive PBMT additionally received treatment two times a week for 3 weeks. VISA-A, University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item were obtained at baseline and intervals over 3 months. Afterwards, runners could elect to receive a different treatment for three additional months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six runners enrolled (24 males, 22 females; average age±SD:40±12 years). Runners assigned EXER+RPW had a greater improvement than EXER at 3 months in VISA-A (mean 33 vs 18 points, p=0.023; 95% CI 28.4 to 2.4), and no differences were detected between EXER+RPW+ PBMT and EXER (25 vs 18 points, p=0.12; 95% CI 25.9 to -10.8). There were greater improvements in running index measures, pain interference and social roles in EXER+RPW compared with EXER. VISA-A increased over 3 month crossover to EXER+RPW and EXER+RPW+PBMT (11 points, both p<0.05 compared with EXER).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Combined EXER and RPW had the largest measured reduction in symptoms at 3 months. However, all groups met clinical improvement, highlighting the importance of EXER. Larger studies in other physically active populations may clarify clinical benefits of each treatment.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04725513.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of obesity and physical fitness on hypertension: a mediation analysis including over 380 000 Swiss young male conscripts from 2007 to 2022.","authors":"Cédric Gubelmann, Zeno Stanga, Kaspar Staub, Pedro Marques-Vidal","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002455","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a known risk factor for hypertension, but the extent to which physical activity mediates this relationship remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional data from medical exams of Swiss Armed Forces conscripts between 2007 and 2022 (N=382 583). Physical fitness was assessed via the Conscription Physical Test (CPT), which included five components, one of which was an endurance test (ET). Both CPT and ET results were categorised as 'fit' or 'unfit'. Weight status was classified based on body mass index (BMI) into normal weight, overweight (BMI 25-29.99) and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m²). Hypertension was defined as ≥140/90 mm Hg. The study explored CPT and ET as mediators between BMI and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20.6% of the conscripts had hypertension, 20.4% overweight and 4.5% obese. Conscripts with overweight or obesity had a higher risk of hypertension compared with normal weight (OR and (bias-corrected 95% CI) of natural direct effect: 1.803 (1.766 to 1.845) and 2.727 (2.570 to 2.865)), with a protective effect of being fit (natural indirect effect for CPT: 0.976 (0.971 to 0.982) and 0.917 (0.881 to 0.953)). When ET was assessed, similar findings were obtained: 1.765 (1.731 to 1.804) and 2.680 (2.482 to 2.887) for overweight and obesity, with a protective effect of being fit (0.991 (0.983 to 0.999) and 0.925 (0.861 to 0.991)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Male Swiss conscripts with overweight and obesity face an increasing risk of hypertension, with the protective benefit of physical fitness showing an increasing trend as BMI increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12506149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Female sex, training volume and sleep amount are risk factors for sports-related injuries: a 1-year prospective cohort study on adolescent elite athletes.","authors":"Josefin Abrahamson, Emma Sandstedt, Mikael Sansone, Ida Lindman","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002699","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are limited studies regarding risk factors for sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary aim was to identify risk factors for sustaining a sports-related injury among adolescent athletes during a follow-up of up to 1 year. A further aim was to investigate sex differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Potential risk factors in adolescent elite athletes (n=171) were addressed through a baseline questionnaire. An injury was defined as any physical complaint resulting from competition or training, regardless of medical attention or time loss. The occurrence of new injuries was prospectively monitored during the following year using weekly questionnaires. χ² test and independent t-test were used to analyse sex differences in baseline data. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine baseline variables as potential risk factors for the appearance of new injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female sex (OR 3.51, p=0.02) increased the injury risk. Training ≥9 sessions/week increased the risk in males (OR 3.98, p=0.03). Sleep amount ≥8 hours/night (OR 0.16, p=0.049) decreased the risk in females. Male athletes trained ≥9 sessions/week to a greater extent compared with female athletes (57% of males vs 30% of females (p<0.001)). The yearly injury prevalence for all athletes was 81%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Female sex is a risk factor for sports-related injuries in adolescent athletes, as well as low sleep amount in females and high weekly training volume in males. Adolescents are injury-prone, and further development and optimisation of programmes for injury prevention is crucial, especially in female adolescent athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological services delivered to Team USA Olympic and Paralympic athletes after positive screen on the SMHAT-1 questionnaires.","authors":"Travis Anderson, Jessica Bartley, Eric G Post, Ashley N Triplett, Amber Donaldson, Jonathan Finnoff, William M Adams","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002758","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool-1 (SMHAT-1) screens for athlete mental health concerns, yet little is known about outcomes following positive screens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the follow-up outcomes of Team USA athletes who exceeded thresholds on the SMHAT-1 questionnaire prior to the 2024 Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 847 SMHAT-1 assessments were completed (Paralympic, 26.7%; women, 52%). Questionnaires exceeding established thresholds were classified as a positive screen, which elicited follow-up by a Team USA mental health provider. During follow-up, mental health providers recorded follow-up outcomes using one of nine predefined outcomes. Outcomes were analysed for athletes with a single positive screen and for all unique positive screen combinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>450 (53.1%) athletes had a positive screen. The most common outcomes were: 'discussion without further action' (31.8%), 'athlete already connected to outside services' (26.0%) and 'inability to contact the athlete' (20.4%). However, 43.1% of follow-ups required a service to be provided to the athlete.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While many positive screens did not require new clinical interventions, the proportion of athletes receiving follow-up care (43.1%) or were already in care (26.0%), underscores the need for diverse psychological resources to support elite athlete mental health. The inability to reach 20.4% of athletes following a positive screen suggests that alternative approaches for the deployment of the SMHAT-1 may be needed to allow for immediate clinician follow-up care. These findings support ongoing SMHAT-1 use and highlight the need for sufficient psychological services resources to meet athletes' follow-up needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"e002758"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}