BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Associations between 24-hour movement compositions and cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents: a five-part compositional analysis using data from the International Children's Accelerometery Database (ICAD).","authors":"Zoë A Marshall, Adam Runacres, Pedro Curi Hallal, Russ Jago, Soyang Kwon, Kate Northstone, Russell R Pate, Jardena Puder, John J Reilly, Luis B Sardinha, Niels Wedderkopp, Ester Van Slujis","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002568","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The benefits of physical activity (PA) and the negative impacts of sedentary time (SED) on health in youth are well established. However, uncertainty remains surrounding how PA and SED jointly influence cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors. The aim of this study was to determine the joint influence of SED, light-, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA (LPA, MPA and VPA), and sleep on CMR factors using five-part compositional analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were pooled from 16 cohort studies comprising 22 474 children and adolescents from the International Children's Accelerometery Database. PA was measured using hip-mounted accelerometers with sleep self-reported. CMRs included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and glucose. Time spent for sleep, SED, LPA, MPA and VPA was analysed using a compositional linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall PA composition explained between 3.0 and 27.0% of the variance in CMR factors after accounting for age, sex, ethnicity and seasonal variation. However, when movement behaviours were explored in isolation, only sleep was associated with all CMR factors. In girls, compositions with 10 min more VPA were associated with a 2.5-4.4% greater BMI and WC. However, 10 min reallocations of time in boys had no impact on any CMR factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight that sleep and VPA are significantly associated with all CMR factors in youth, and therefore specific recommendations are needed to improve the current, and future, health of children and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002568"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tendon and ligament injuries of the finger and thumb in athletes: a narrative review.","authors":"Anaas Mergoum, Nicholas Larson, Konrad Kulesza, Victoria Kasprzak, James Smith","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002475","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute finger and thumb injuries of the ligament and tendons are common. Indeed, a cross-sectional study in 2012 showed that they accounted for 38.4% of all upper extremity injury visits to the emergency room in the USA. Understanding the anatomy and mechanical functions of tendons and ligaments in the digits is crucial for recognising various types of injuries and their treatment. Treating an athlete with such conditions comes with the added pressure of ensuring a timely return to play. This review will cover the anatomy, diagnoses and management of select tendinous and ligamentous injuries of the fingers and thumb seen in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sport and physical recreation on health-related outcomes among children and young people with physical disability: systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Kerry West, Leanne Hassett, Juliana S Oliveira, Wing S S Kwok, Minke Geerts, Heidi Gilchrist, Stephen Gilbert, Rae Anderson, Amabile B Dario, Gavin John Robertson, Jennifer N Baldwin, Catherine Sherrington","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002350","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe quantitative studies of sport or physical recreation for children and young people with physical disability and evaluate effects on health-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Six databases searched from inception to December 2023.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Quantitative studies evaluating sports or physical recreation among children and young people≤18 years with physical disability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>77 studies (n=2584) were included in the review, with 11 randomised controlled trials included in meta-analyses. Pre-post measurement design, health condition cerebral palsy and intervention of dance were most common. Meta-analysis could not be performed for participation outcomes because there were only two eligible trials. Sport and physical recreation had a small positive impact on activity limitations (nine trials, n=271, standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.30, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.57, p=0.018, low certainty evidence) and a medium positive impact on physical impairment (seven trials, n=216, SMD 0.63, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.18, p=0.025, very low certainty evidence) compared with control. No effect was found on quality of life (three trials, n=133, SMD -0.02, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.38, p=0.917, moderate certainty evidence) or cognitive or behavioural impairment (four trials, n=124, SMD 0.54, 95% CI -0.29 to 1.36, p=0.202, very low certainty evidence). A small number of mild adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sport and physical recreation likely improve activity and physical impairment outcomes for children and young people with physical disability. More research assessing participation outcomes and evaluation of existing sport and recreation programmes in the community is indicated.PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42020159283.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic low back pain management: clinical and psychophysiological outcomes of multimodal approaches-a randomised controlled trial on yoga and mindfulness.","authors":"Yusra Saleem, Shamoon Noushad, Sadaf Ahmed, Basit Ansari","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002697","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) presents as a widespread medical issue which severely affects personal health status while generating substantial economic expenses. Traditional treatment methods often have limited efficacy, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies such as yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). This study aims to compare the efficacy of Sphinx pose yoga and MBSR in managing CLBP. The focus is on evaluating improvements in pain intensity, functional disability, quality of life, heart rate variability and physiological markers associated with CLBP. This multicentre parallel-arm randomised controlled trial will compare the efficacy of yoga to MBSR for CLBP in healthcare providers. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: Sphinx pose yoga therapy (Group A), MBSR (Group B), usual care (Group C) and a combined yoga-MBSR intervention (Group D). Each intervention will last 12 weeks. Primary outcomes include pain intensity, functional disability (Oswestry Questionnaire) and physiological markers (cortisol, β-endorphins, substance-P, interleukin-6, C reactive protein). Secondary outcomes encompass quality of life (WHO Quality of Life), stress (Sadaf Stress Scale), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7) and heart rate variability. Data will be collected at baseline (week 0), at the end of the intervention (week 12) and 12 weeks after the intervention (week 24). Trial registration number NCT06910982.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower extremity functional performance tests and their measurement properties in athletes: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.","authors":"Rosalyn Cooke, Alison Rushton, James Martin, Andy Soundy, Lee Herrington, Nicola R Heneghan","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002389","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong></p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify functional performance tests (FPTs) with potential to identify athletes at risk of lower extremity injury (LEI) and assess their measurement properties.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine and Sports Science guidance.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Two-stage systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and SPORTDiscus databases from inception to 24 November 2023, supplemented by hand searching of reference lists, key journals and grey literature.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Search 1 identified FPT predicting LEI in athletes aged >16 years competing at elite, pre-elite or collegiate levels and feasible in the field. Search 2 assessed measurement properties of identified FPT. COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments risk of bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties were applied, and evidence summarised using modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-nine studies evaluating 15 FPTs were included. Reliability (n=14), measurement error (n=11), structural validity/internal consistency (n=2), criterion validity (n=11), construct validity (n=5) and responsiveness (n=1) were assessed. No FPT demonstrated high certainty for measurement properties. Y-balance test (YBT) demonstrated moderate certainty for three properties (intrarater reliability, criterion validity and responsiveness). Knee to wall (KTW), single-leg squat (SLS), drop vertical jump (DVJ) and single hop for distance (SHFD) showed moderate certainty for two properties (reliability, intra/inter test-retest; criterion validity). Side hop, functional movement screen and landing error scoring system showed moderate certainty for one measurement property. Practicability assessment revealed poor reporting of time requirements and results production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate-certainty evidence supported reliability and validity of five FPTs (YBT, KTW, SLS, DVJ, SHFD) used to identify athletes at LEI risk. Studies with low bias and comprehensive practicability evaluations are lacking. <b>PROSPERO registration number</b> CRD42020188932.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of football cleat stud shape, sex and fatigue state on plantar loading during lateral cutting.","authors":"Emily Karolidis, Alex Denton, Michael Hahn","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002517","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Consequential interactions at the cleat-surface interface are associated with non-contact torsional injury mechanics, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, in football.This study investigates the effect of sex and fatigue on plantar pressure distribution and centre of pressure excursion in cleated footwear geometries of higher (bladed) and lower (elliptical) available traction to better understand the aetiology of female injury patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>College-aged football participants (10 male, 10 female) performed a fatiguing running and cutting protocol in cleated footwear of different stud shapes. Insole pressure was recorded during intermittent lateral cuts across a multistage fatigue protocol. Peak plantar pressure during the initial cutting stance and centre of pressure trajectory across the full cutting stance were compared across both cleat types and with fatigue progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant main and interaction effects of sex, cleat and fatigue were found on peak pressure across the anterior heel, medial forefoot and lateral toes. Results suggest elliptical cleats increased peak pressure during the initial cutting stance compared with bladed cleats. Systemic fatigue progression increased the mediolateral centre of pressure excursion and posterolateral peak pressure. This posterolateral deviation is largest among females in the bladed cleat, potentially indicative of instability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest optimising cleated footwear for female athletes during their most susceptible fatigued state. Data suggest improving lateral and posterior stud arrangement on a female-informed cleat design to reduce posterolateral excursion during cutting stance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12161356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study of open goals in physical activity promotion: protocol for 'Open to Move'.","authors":"Melanie M Clarke, Davide Gargioli, Stuart Jh Biddle, Amanda L Rebar, Mark R Beauchamp, Patricia C Jackman, Simon Rosenbaum, Stewart A Vella, Christian Swann","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002621","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Open goals (eg, 'see how many steps you can reach today') have developed as a promising strategy for increasing physical activity and producing beneficial psychological outcomes such as autonomous motivation, enjoyment and confidence. However, it is not yet clear what the long-term outcomes of open goals are, what factors moderate their use or whether/how individuals transition away from open goals. Therefore, in this study ('Open to Move'), we aim to understand the mechanisms that explain why, when and for whom open goals are beneficial in promoting and maintaining physical activity. 'Open to Move' is a 12-month, exploratory, mixed-methods longitudinal study involving healthy adults aged 18-69 in Australia. Participants will receive a walking programme based on open goals via a mobile app and website, which will also provide feedback on their step counts and fortnightly one-to-one meetings online for the first 6 months. The outcomes will be measured using self-report surveys, interviews, recorded step counts on a mobile phone and process evaluation. The study is ongoing, and 81 participants have commenced thus far, with a target of 210 participants. We expect to conclude recruitment by August 2025 and anticipate that data collection will be completed by August 2026. This study will develop an understanding of the long-term outcomes of open goals, moderating factors and transitions to other goal types-providing important insights for developing a programme theory that can inform full-scale testing and implementation of open goals within physical activity interventions in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of 20 min yoga module for reducing burnout among healthcare workers: protocol of randomised control trial and results of pilot study.","authors":"Vikas Upadhyay, Vartika Saxena, Apar Avinash Saoji, Monika Pathania, Bela Goyal","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002637","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burnout among healthcare workers is a significant global concern that affects their well-being and professional efficacy. Yoga has shown promise in reducing burnout and improving mental health outcomes. However, due to their hectic schedules, healthcare workers often struggle to find time for self-care. A 20 min yoga module has been developed specifically for them to address this. So, this study aims to assess the efficacy of a specific 20 min yoga module in reducing burnout among healthcare workers. An open-label, two-arm, randomised controlled trial involving healthcare workers aged 20-35 years participating for 4 weeks. Exclusion criteria included recent illness, respiratory ailments, pregnancy, life-threatening medical conditions or physical inability to perform yoga. After randomisation of 108 participants, they will be equally allocated to either the yoga group (20 min yoga) or the control group (20 min medium-paced walking). The primary outcome will be burnout, whereas the secondary outcomes include stress, anxiety, selective attention and happiness. Data collection: at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention, compliance is monitored via daily attendance records. Descriptive and inferential analyses will employ intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis using SPSS 26.0. A study with 20 participants found that a 20 min yoga intervention significantly improved emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment, happiness and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety/Six-letter cancellation test scores. Cortisol levels showed trends of reduction but were not significant. These results inform the upcoming main trial. Ethical approval is obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee via letter number AIIMS/IEC/20/762. The trial findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. Trial registration number: CTRI/2021/01/030568; Clinical Trial Registry of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining athlete monitoring for true indicative injury prevention.","authors":"Carlos Jimenez, Evert Verhagen","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002479","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injury prevention and performance optimisation in sports are evolving from generic strategies to more personalised, timely and data-informed approaches. Traditional systems often rely on infrequent assessments and binary classifications of injury, which fail to reflect the complexity of athlete health. This perspective advocates for a refined approach to athlete screening and monitoring that captures historical and real-time data to support precise, context-driven decisions. We differentiate between screening as a point-in-time evaluation of underlying risk and monitoring as the continuous assessment of an athlete's changing condition. The key principles of this approach include using valid, outcome-specific measures, timely data collection close to decision points and seamless integration into daily practice. By moving beyond simplistic metrics and incorporating advanced analytical techniques, this approach offers a more nuanced and proactive way to manage athlete health. It bridges the gap between research and real-world application, supporting better decision-making and long-term performance outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of eccentric cycling in older adults affected by sarcopenia and heart failure: a feasibility and efficacy study protocol.","authors":"Valentina Muollo, Samuel D'Emanuele, Mahsa Amini, Roberto Di Marco, Valentina Cavedon, Shelley Keating, Matteo Lanceni, Martina Setti, Giovanni Benfari, Laura Ghiotto, Federico Schena, Cantor Tarperi","doi":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002667","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for both cardiovascular diseases and sarcopenia, with exercise playing a crucial role in managing these conditions. While resistance training is widely recommended for sarcopenia, alternative exercise modalities like eccentric cycling (EC) remain largely underexplored, particularly for patients with heart failure (HF) and sarcopenia. EC, which involves muscle lengthening during contraction, offers advantages such as lower metabolic and circulatory demands than conventional concentric cycling, making it an attractive option for frail individuals with limited physical capacity. EC has emerged as a promising method, providing mechanical overload at lower energy expenditure. Despite its potential, studies on EC in older adults with HF and sarcopenia are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week EC programme in this population. Before training, participants will undergo a 2-week familiarisation period with a gradually increasing workload to ensure adaptation and minimise discomfort. The training programme will start with two sessions per week, progressing to three sessions per week, with workloads adjusted every 2 weeks to maintain the target rate of perceived exertion. The study will also assess the impact of EC on body composition, muscle strength and neuromuscular activity of upper and lower limbs, cardiorespiratory fitness and physical performance. Despite potential challenges such as patient adherence and small sample size, the study's findings are expected to provide important first data regarding the feasibility and benefits of EC for improving functional capacity in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47417,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine","volume":"11 2","pages":"e002667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}