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Egalitarian Justice and the Prevalence Principle in Human Genome Editing. 平等正义与人类基因组编辑的普遍性原则。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-04-07 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag008
Douglas MacKay, R Jean Cadigan, Eric Juengst, Alexandra Robinson, Rebecca L Walker
{"title":"Egalitarian Justice and the Prevalence Principle in Human Genome Editing.","authors":"Douglas MacKay, R Jean Cadigan, Eric Juengst, Alexandra Robinson, Rebecca L Walker","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhag008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>National and international agencies and organizations are currently considering which ethical principles should inform the governance and use of heritable and non-heritable human genome editing. In this paper, we consider the prevalence principle, according to which heritable and non-heritable genome editing in humans is permissible if and only if it involves the conversion of variants to ones expected to produce traits that are prevalent in the relevant population. This principle thus permits genome editing targeting variants responsible for disease and disability but prohibits genetic enhancement. We consider whether the prevalence principle is supported by considerations of egalitarian justice, as its proponents claim. We argue that it is not and that prominent theories of egalitarian justice instead offer different approaches to genome editing governance. We identify four egalitarian principles policymakers should consider when crafting anticipatory guidance for heritable and non-heritable genome editing.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fair Consent Transactions and Ethical Pluralism. 公平同意交易与伦理多元化。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhaf038
Elizabeth Tropman
{"title":"Fair Consent Transactions and Ethical Pluralism.","authors":"Elizabeth Tropman","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhaf038","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhaf038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the fair transaction view, consent is morally powerful when it occurs in the context of a larger consent transaction that is fair, rather than when one's consent is valid. This fair transaction view represents a novel approach to the ethics of consent and puts pressure on the standard focus on valid consent. If correct, the fair transaction model promises to alter our understanding of when consent in medicine matters morally. In this paper, I examine the prospects for the fair transaction view. I raise both good and bad news for the theory. On the one hand, I show this new approach to consent captures something important when it says that we ought to weigh a number of competing demands fairly. Yet on the other, I argue that this insight is better explained by the larger moral system of ethical pluralism.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mental Illness: A Deviation from Phenomenological, Rather than Moral, Norms? 精神疾病：偏离现象学规范，而非道德规范？
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhaf032
Adrian Downey
{"title":"Mental Illness: A Deviation from Phenomenological, Rather than Moral, Norms?","authors":"Adrian Downey","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-psychiatrists contend that psychiatric practice is fundamentally misguided: it inappropriately medicalises difference by equating it with illness, resultantly forcing unwarranted \"treatment\" on the \"mentally ill.\" I explain why the most popular realist accounts of mental illness-naturalism, constructivism, and hybridism-are typically considered vulnerable to this moral problem. Then, I introduce \"the phenomenological account\" that promises to avoid it. The phenomenological account equates mental health with the being-body experiential mode, which is conducive to the flow experiences empirically demonstrated as constitutively necessary for subjective well-being. Mental illness, meanwhile, is equated with entrapment in the having-a-body mode. This precludes flow and, as such, subjective well-being. I explain why the phenomenological account is better placed to resolve the moral problem than its peers, thus providing a proof of principle demonstration of its potential to rebut the anti-psychiatry argument across the board. Finally, I defend the phenomenological account from three common objections.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
"It's Shaking Your Entire Construction as a Human Being": A Qualitative Analysis on Epistemic Injustice and Medical Gaslighting Consequences in Patients Living with Chronic Pain. “它正在动摇你作为一个人的整个结构”：对慢性疼痛患者认知不公和医疗煤气灯后果的定性分析。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag003
Catherine Isadora Côte
{"title":"\"It's Shaking Your Entire Construction as a Human Being\": A Qualitative Analysis on Epistemic Injustice and Medical Gaslighting Consequences in Patients Living with Chronic Pain.","authors":"Catherine Isadora Côte","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhag003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients living with chronic pain often report experiencing invalidation from healthcare practitioners. Epistemic injustices, that is, the disqualification of a person as a knower, have been used to study medical encounters and chronic pain invalidation. However, these studies are largely theoretical and tend to reproduce epistemic injustices by not giving a voice to the people directly impacted by these injustices. This research is focused on enhancing our understanding of the consequences of epistemic injustice in health care. We conducted seventeen qualitative narrative interviews with people living with chronic pain in the province of Québec, Canada. The results support many consequences that were already identified in the theoretical literature, including the impact on patients' interaction with the healthcare system, but also less-discussed consequences, including the impact of epistemic injustices on patients' agency. We discuss emancipation and resistance strategies to epistemic injustices, as well as the implications of the results for health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidentialism and Patient Testimony. 证据主义和病人证词。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag004
Elisa Reverman
{"title":"Evidentialism and Patient Testimony.","authors":"Elisa Reverman","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhag004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, I argue that patients' testimonial knowledge is assessed with a default evidentialist approach. I primarily support this claim by drawing from work on physicians' accounts of assessing the trustworthiness of patients' testimony. Furthermore, I explicate a three-tiered evidence-ranking approach within these physician accounts and detail how it resembles existing hierarchical evidence-ranking frameworks in medicine. I then discuss the role that aperspectival objectivity plays in this evidentialist approach and highlight some tensions that emerge. Next, I identify some practical, epistemic, and ethical consequences of said evidentialist approach and end on potential strategies for mitigating the potential negative consequences. The account I detail ultimately reveals much of the epistemic complexity surrounding patients' testimonial knowledge as a kind of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147494086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Is Precision Psychotherapy? 什么是精准心理治疗？
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag007
Adrian Kind, Sascha Benjamin Fink, Henrik Walter
{"title":"What Is Precision Psychotherapy?","authors":"Adrian Kind, Sascha Benjamin Fink, Henrik Walter","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision medicine impacts virtually all medical specializations, including psychiatry. Although precision psychiatry, in general, is a flourishing area of research and debate, psychotherapy as one pillar of psychiatry receives little attention. Theoretical discussions about precision psychotherapy are rare; research on precision in psychotherapy is just evolving. In this paper, we provide a conceptualization of precision psychotherapy providing a common idea of what should be understood as precision in the context of psychotherapy and what kind of psychotherapy research is considered to contribute to the aims of precision psychotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147481978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parfitian Priority, Gene Therapy, and Disability. Parfitian优先权，基因治疗和残疾。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-03-14 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag005
Dominic Wilkinson
{"title":"Parfitian Priority, Gene Therapy, and Disability.","authors":"Dominic Wilkinson","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhag005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene therapies for severe genetic disease are often highly expensive. In deciding whether or when to provide them, one ethical consideration is the benefit of treatment relative to cost. Another and separate consideration is concern for medical need and the desire to benefit those who are worse off. The latter is a prioritarian concern. But how should we apply prioritarianism to decisions about gene therapy, particularly since such treatments might affect which individuals come into existence? That question is the main aim of this paper. I focus on a particular version of prioritarianism articulated and defended by Derek Parfit. My primary aim is to explore how, if we were to adopt such an account, we should interpret and practically apply this in medical ethics. In doing so, I assess how it fits with other elements of Parfit's philosophy. I defend a new \"time-relative\" version of priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147460517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collective Paternalism and Vaccination Programs. 集体家长制和疫苗接种计划。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-03-13 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag009
Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Viki Lyngby Hvid, Søren Flinch Midtgaard, Didde Boisen Andersen
{"title":"Collective Paternalism and Vaccination Programs.","authors":"Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, Viki Lyngby Hvid, Søren Flinch Midtgaard, Didde Boisen Andersen","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhag009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One important objection to vaccination policies involving nudging or coercive measures such as restrictions on unvaccinated people's access to public spaces is that they are paternalistic. This objection is weaker than is often assumed. We defend this claim by (1) introducing a novel distinction between individual and collective paternalism; (2) showing that, across a range of circumstances, vaccination programs involve collective, not individual, paternalism; and (3) arguing that collective paternalism is not wrong for the reasons that, arguably, individual paternalism is.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147460499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biohacking Love and the Norms of Relationships. 《生物黑客：爱情与关系规范》。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-03-11 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhag006
Emmanuel Smith, Paul Rezkalla
{"title":"Biohacking Love and the Norms of Relationships.","authors":"Emmanuel Smith, Paul Rezkalla","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhag006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biohacking love-that is, using drugs either to enhance or diminish lust, attraction, and/or attachment-is currently feasible (although imperfectly so). It is likely that in the future, scientists will develop drugs that target lust, attraction, and attachment more accurately than anything currently available, thereby opening up possibilities for people to use such drugs to leave or remain in a relationship. Several scholars have recently argued for the desirability and moral permissibility of using such love drugs. However, we argue that it is most often morally impermissible to use love drugs as interventions in relationships. In particular, we argue that using love drugs is most often incompatible with adhering to the norms of relationships, such as the moral requirement that people in relationships relate to each other virtuously.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reciprocal Accord: Seeing Microbiomes as Parts of Ourselves. 互惠协议：将微生物群视为我们自身的一部分。
IF 1.9 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhaf040
Martin J Fitzgerald
{"title":"Reciprocal Accord: Seeing Microbiomes as Parts of Ourselves.","authors":"Martin J Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhaf040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human beings and their microbiomes are interrelated. Now what is the nature of their relation? In this paper, I claim that human beings have microbiomes as parts of themselves. In other words, rather than merely being casually associated with human beings, those microbiomes that reside in/on/around people are constituent parts of human beings. I argue this by reference to organismal homeostasis as understood as a systems-level phenomenon. To support my argument, I provide a survey of contemporary scientific literature surrounding the composition, location, structure, and function of the human microbiome(s). Finally, I cash out this finding by developing the idea of the \"constitutive publicity\" of the human organism. By this I mean that the human organism is not a \"private\" entity that then finds itself in the world, but rather that it is constantly created, suffused by, and contributing to the \"public\" world.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147272538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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