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Journal of Medicine and Philosophy最新文献

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The WEIRD Trio: The Cultural Gap between Physicians, Learners, and Patients in Pluralistic Societies. WEIRD三人组：多元社会中医生、学习者和患者之间的文化差距。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae040
Lester Liao
{"title":"The WEIRD Trio: The Cultural Gap between Physicians, Learners, and Patients in Pluralistic Societies.","authors":"Lester Liao","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae040","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physicians are shaped by sociological and philosophical factors that often differ from those of their patients. This is of particular concern in pluralistic societies when navigating ethical disagreements because physicians often misunderstand or even dismiss patient perspectives as being irrational. This paper examines these factors and why many physicians approach ethics as they do while elucidating various patient perspectives and demonstrating how they make sense when considered from a different cultural worldview. Many physicians are trained in contexts that are WEIRD: Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. These sociological characteristics tend to go hand in hand with the trio of individualism, secularism, and existentialism. These then shape an approach to ethics that focuses on the individual patient, makes no reference to the divine, and focuses on a patient's personal desires. This contrasts significantly with many patients who are collectivistic or religious, and then make rational decisions based on other values. The social fact of pluralism implores physicians to temper confidence in their own cultures while considering others to promote mutual understanding and improved care. This paper concludes with a discussion of how bridges can be built across cultures without sliding into relativism, beginning with recognizing and communicating our shared moral intuitions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11802465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Journal After Fifty Years. 五十年后的期刊
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae041
{"title":"The Journal After Fifty Years.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Communicating Genetic Information: An Empathy-based Framework. 遗传信息交流：基于移情的框架。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae036
Riana J Betzler, Jonathan Roberts
{"title":"Communicating Genetic Information: An Empathy-based Framework.","authors":"Riana J Betzler, Jonathan Roberts","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae036","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary healthcare environments are becoming increasingly informationally demanding. This requires patients, and those supporting them, to engage with a broad range of expert knowledge. At the same time, patients must find ways to make sense of this information in the context of their own values and needs. In this article, we confront the problem of communication in our current age of complexity. We do this by focusing on a field that has already had to grapple with these issues directly: genetic counseling. We articulate an empathy-based framework that provides a way to integrate the teaching and counseling models of genetic counseling. As well as being useful for those providing genetic counseling in the era of genomic medicine, this framework has the potential to address challenges of communication in healthcare settings beyond genetic counseling. Furthermore, it has important ramifications for ethical debates about autonomy and decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"57-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Where There's Hope, There's Life 1 : On the Importance of Hope in Health Care. 哪里有希望，哪里就有生命 1：论希望在医疗保健中的重要性。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae037
Steve Clarke, Justin Oakley
{"title":"Where There's Hope, There's Life 1 : On the Importance of Hope in Health Care.","authors":"Steve Clarke, Justin Oakley","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is widely supposed that it is important to ensure that patients undergoing medical procedures hope that their treatments will be successful. But why is hope so important, if indeed it is? After examining the answers currently on offer in the literature, we identify a hitherto unrecognized reason for supposing that it is important that patients possess hope for a successful treatment, which draws on prospect theory, Kahneman and Tversky's hugely influential descriptive theory about decision-making in situations of risk and uncertainty. We also consider some concerns about patient consent and the potential manipulation of patients that are raised by our account.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11802475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Hospice and Palliative Medicine in the Ars Moriendi. 安宁疗护与姑息治疗在《莫尔迪之歌》中的作用。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae039
Levi Durham
{"title":"The Role of Hospice and Palliative Medicine in the Ars Moriendi.","authors":"Levi Durham","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae039","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is disagreement among physicians and medical ethicists on the precise goals of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM). Some think that HPM's goals should differ from those of other branches of medicine and aim primarily at lessening pain, discomfort, and confusion, while others think that HPM's practices should aim, like all other branches of medicine, at promoting health. I take the latter position: using the ars moriendi to set a standard for what it means to die well, I argue that if HPM's practices were to aim at mitigating suffering with little regard to promoting health, some patients would die worse deaths than if HPM's practices were to aim at health. According to the ars moriendi, flourishing at the end of one's life requires that persons exercise their agency and pursue the goods most important to them. On this view, HPM's practices should promote patients' health to enable them to pursue these goods.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Defense of the Obligation to Keep Promises to the Dead. 为履行对死者承诺的义务辩护。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae034
James Stacey Taylor
{"title":"A Defense of the Obligation to Keep Promises to the Dead.","authors":"James Stacey Taylor","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is widely held that to break a promise that one made to a person who is now dead would be to wrong her. This view undergirds many positions in bioethics, ranging from those that concern who may access a person's medical records after she has died, to questions concerning organ procurement and posthumous procreation. Ashley Dressel has argued that there is no reason to believe that promissory obligations can be owed to people who are dead. Although her arguments are unsuccessful, others establish that neither of the promissory obligation accounts that she considers (the \"Authority Account\" and the \"harm-based view\") can justify the standard view that directed posthumous promissory obligation is possible. However, this does not mean that the received view that we should keep our promises to the dead is mistaken. First, the theoretical commitments and argumentative strategies of those who endorse the possibility of posthumous promissory obligations preclude them from grounding such on either of these accounts of directed promissory obligation. They are thus already committed to justifying such obligations in other ways. Second, the obligation to keep promises to the dead could be justified on the grounds that not to do so would adversely affect the living.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"547-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kidney Sales and Disrespectful Demands: A Reply to Rippon. 卖肾和不尊重的要求：答复里彭。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae033
Luke Semrau
{"title":"Kidney Sales and Disrespectful Demands: A Reply to Rippon.","authors":"Luke Semrau","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simon Rippon, revising an earlier argument against kidney sales, now claims that offers involving the performance of invasive acts, when extended to people under pressure, constitute a kind of rights violation, Impermissibly Disrespectful Demands. Since offers involving kidney sales so qualify, Rippon finds prima facie reason to prohibit them. The present article levels four independent objections to Rippon's argument: the account of Impermissibly Disrespectful Demands implausibly condemns kidney donation as much as kidney sales; the normative importance of having autonomous veto control over bodily incursions does not plausibly underwrite a right to not be extended invasive offers under pressure; Impermissibly Disrespectful Demands can easily be transformed into innocuous offers; and the prohibition has greater welfare costs than Rippon acknowledges.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"522-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why Moral Bioenhancement Cannot Reliably Produce Virtue. 为什么道德生物强化不能可靠地产生美德？
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae035
Gina Lebkuecher, Marley Hornewer, Maya V Roytman, Sydney Samoska, Joseph M Vukov
{"title":"Why Moral Bioenhancement Cannot Reliably Produce Virtue.","authors":"Gina Lebkuecher, Marley Hornewer, Maya V Roytman, Sydney Samoska, Joseph M Vukov","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Moral bioenhancement presents the possibility of enhancing morally desirable emotions and dispositions. While some scholars have proposed that moral bioenhancement can produce virtue, we argue that within a virtue ethics framework moral bioenhancement cannot reliably produce virtue. Moreover, on a virtue ethics framework, the pursuit of moral bioenhancement carries moral risks. To make this argument, we consider three aspects of virtue-its motivational, rational, and behavioral components. In order to be virtuous, we argue, a person must (i) take pleasure in doing the right thing and have the correct motivational attitudes; (ii) reason correctly about what is called for in a particular ethical dilemma; and (iii) intentionally and continuously practice and cultivate virtues. These dimensions of morality-in short: precisely those emphasized in a virtue ethics framework-cannot be consistently or reliably met using existing moral bioenhancement technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"560-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plastic Resilience: Rethinking Resilience in Illness with Catherine Malabou. 塑料复原力：与凯瑟琳-马拉博（Catherine Malabou）一起重新思考疾病中的复原力。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae032
Cillian Ó Fathaigh
{"title":"Plastic Resilience: Rethinking Resilience in Illness with Catherine Malabou.","authors":"Cillian Ó Fathaigh","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on Catherine Malabou's notion of plasticity, this article argues for a conception of resilience as plastic. Resilience has proven an important concept in health care, describing how we manage life-changing illnesses. Yet, resilience is not without its critics, who suggest it neglects a political, social, or personal dimension in illness. In this article, I propose that a concept of plastic resilience can address these criticisms. On this account, success should not be based on a return to function, but rather on how actively we are involved in the formation of a new self after illness. I address some approaches that can benefit from \"plastic resilience,\" namely, art therapy, expert companionship, and shared decision-making. In each case, I underline how we should help patients thematize and engage with their new selves, while also being constantly vigilant for how these changes might impact our current assumptions around their preferences for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"576-589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disability, Offense, and the Expressivist Objection to Medical Aid in Dying. 残疾、犯罪和表达主义对临终医疗援助的反对。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhae031
Brent M Kious
{"title":"Disability, Offense, and the Expressivist Objection to Medical Aid in Dying.","authors":"Brent M Kious","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhae031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhae031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One criticism of medical aid in dying (MAID) is the expressivist objection: MAID is morally wrong because it expresses judgments about disabilities or persons with disabilities, that are offensive, disrespectful, or discriminatory. The expressivist objection can be made at the level of individual patients, medical providers, or the state. The expressivist objection originated with selective abortion, and responses to it in that context typically claim either that selective abortion does not express specific judgments about disabilities, or that any judgments expressed are not offensive. This response is inadequate: MAID often does express negative judgments about disabilities, which could reasonably be seen as offensive. But, does this offensiveness make MAID wrong? Drawing on Joel Feinberg's account of offense, I argue that it is unlikely that the offensiveness of the judgments expressed by individuals who seek MAID or through the state's legalization of MAID is enough to make it morally impermissible.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"532-546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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