发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Journal of Medicine and Philosophy最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Recognizing the Diverse Faces of Later Life: Old Age as a Category of Intersectional Analysis in Medical Ethics. 认识到晚年生活的不同面貌:老年作为医学伦理学交叉分析的一个范畴。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac038
Merle Weßel, Mark Schweda
{"title":"Recognizing the Diverse Faces of Later Life: Old Age as a Category of Intersectional Analysis in Medical Ethics.","authors":"Merle Weßel,&nbsp;Mark Schweda","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public and academic medical ethics debates surrounding justice and age discrimination often proceed from a problematic understanding of old age that ignores the diversity of older people. This article introduces the feminist perspective of intersectionality to medical ethical debates on aging and old age in order to analyze the structural discrimination of older people in medicine and health care. While current intersectional approaches in this field focus on race, gender, and sexuality, we thus set out to introduce aging and old age as an additional category that is becoming more relevant in the context of longer life expectancies and increasing population aging. We analyze three exemplary cases on the individual, institutional, and public health level, and argue that considering the intersections of old age with other social categories helps to accommodate the diverse identities of older people and detect inequality and structural discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9096264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Uncertainty, Evidence, and the Integration of Machine Learning into Medical Practice. 不确定性、证据和机器学习与医疗实践的整合。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac034
Thomas Grote, Philipp Berens
{"title":"Uncertainty, Evidence, and the Integration of Machine Learning into Medical Practice.","authors":"Thomas Grote,&nbsp;Philipp Berens","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In light of recent advances in machine learning for medical applications, the automation of medical diagnostics is imminent. That said, before machine learning algorithms find their way into clinical practice, various problems at the epistemic level need to be overcome. In this paper, we discuss different sources of uncertainty arising for clinicians trying to evaluate the trustworthiness of algorithmic evidence when making diagnostic judgments. Thereby, we examine many of the limitations of current machine learning algorithms (with deep learning in particular) and highlight their relevance for medical diagnostics. Among the problems we inspect are the theoretical foundations of deep learning (which are not yet adequately understood), the opacity of algorithmic decisions, and the vulnerabilities of machine learning models, as well as concerns regarding the quality of medical data used to train the models. Building on this, we discuss different desiderata for an uncertainty amelioration strategy that ensures that the integration of machine learning into clinical settings proves to be medically beneficial in a meaningful way.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"84-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10841967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The Fraught Notion of a "Good Death" in Pediatrics. 儿科中令人担忧的“善终”概念。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac036
Bryanna Moore
{"title":"The Fraught Notion of a \"Good Death\" in Pediatrics.","authors":"Bryanna Moore","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, I sort through some of the confusion surrounding what constitutes the controversial notion of a \"good death\" for children. I distinguish, first, between metaphysical and practical disagreements about the notion of a good death, and, second, between accounts of a good death that minimally and maximally promote the dying child's interests. I propose a narrowed account of the dying child's interests, because they differ from the interests of non-dying children. Importantly, this account illustrates how disagreements at the end of a child's life are sometimes the result of a shift from a future to a present-oriented understanding of the child's interests on the part of some stakeholders but not others, and sometimes the result of a values-based disagreement about how different interests should be weighted. This brings into sharper focus the questions of for whom, and in what way, a child's death might be considered good.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9407524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Critically Appraising Pragmatist Critiques of Evidence-Based Medicine: Is EBM Defensible on Pragmatist Grounds? 批判评价实用主义对循证医学的批评:循证医学在实用主义基础上站得住脚吗?
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac037
S Joshua Thomas
{"title":"Critically Appraising Pragmatist Critiques of Evidence-Based Medicine: Is EBM Defensible on Pragmatist Grounds?","authors":"S Joshua Thomas","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Significant contributions to debates in the philosophy of evidence-based medicine (EBM) have come from a variety of different philosophical quarters, yet mainstream discourse in the field has been largely devoid of contributions from scholars working in the pragmatist tradition. This is a particularly conspicuous omission, given pragmatism's commitment to the melioristic view that philosophy both can, and should, be about the business of concretely bettering the human estate. Two exceptions to this oversight come from Brian Walsh and Maya Goldenberg. Unfortunately, in both cases, the misapplication of pragmatist thinking leads to the mistaken view that EBM is committed to some form of pernicious objectivism. This article aims to revise these pragmatist critiques in order to bring them more consistently in line with pragmatist values and commitments. Doing so shows that EBM is defensible on pragmatist grounds against objectivist attacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9096267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Alzheimer's, Advance Directives, and Interpretive Authority. 阿尔茨海默氏症，预先指示和解释权。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac032
Charles L Barzun
{"title":"Alzheimer's, Advance Directives, and Interpretive Authority.","authors":"Charles L Barzun","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Philosophers have debated whether the advance directives of Alzheimer's patients should be enforced, even if patients seem content in their demented state. The debate raises deep questions about the nature of human autonomy and personal identity. But it tends to proceed on the assumption that the advance directive's terms are clear, whereas in practice they are often vague or ambiguous, requiring the patient's healthcare proxy to make difficult judgment calls. This practical wrinkle raises its own, distinct but related, philosophical question: what criteria may the proxy bring to bear when making such interpretive judgments on which the patient's life may depend? After defending a general policy of enforcing advance directives on normative (rather than metaphysical) grounds, I argue that when advance directives are vague, a patient's proxy may permissibly make her own fresh evaluation of the patient's life as a whole and, in so doing, consider how the patient's character as a demented person contributes or fails to contribute to that life.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10841966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Philosophical Failure and the Reasonability View of Conscientious Objection: Can Reason Adjudicate Metaphysical or Religious Claims? 哲学失败与良心拒服兵役的合理性观点:理性能裁决形而上学或宗教主张吗?
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac033
Abram L Brummett
{"title":"Philosophical Failure and the Reasonability View of Conscientious Objection: Can Reason Adjudicate Metaphysical or Religious Claims?","authors":"Abram L Brummett","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robert Card has proposed a reasonability view of conscientious objection that asks providers to state the reasons for their objection for evaluation and approval by a review board. Jason Marsh has challenged Card to provide explicit criteria for what makes a conscientious objection reasonable, which he claims will be too difficult a task given that such objections often involve contentious metaphysical or religious claims. Card has responded by outlining standards by which a conscientious objection could be judged reasonable. In this paper, I extend Marsh's critique to key concepts in the standards outlined by Card such as abortifacient, harm, emergency, and discrimination, showing they can be given radically different interpretations given different metaphysical or religious presumptions. To resolve these conflicting interpretations, a reasonability view of conscientious objection will need more than the criteria outlined by Card, it will need the resources to evaluate the reasonability of metaphysical or religious claims.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10850651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Patient Safety and the Question of Dignitary Harms. 患者安全与尊严伤害问题。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac035
Polly Mitchell, Alan Cribb, Vikki Entwistle
{"title":"Patient Safety and the Question of Dignitary Harms.","authors":"Polly Mitchell, Alan Cribb, Vikki Entwistle","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac035","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhac035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient safety is a central aspect of healthcare quality, focusing on preventable, iatrogenic harm. Harm, in this context, is typically assumed to mean physical injury to patients, often caused by technical error. However, some contributions to the patient safety literature have argued that disrespectful behavior towards patients can cause harm, even when it does not lead to physical injury. This paper investigates the nature of such dignitary harms and explores whether they should be included within the scope of patient safety as a field of practice. We argue that dignitary harms in health care are-at least sometimes-preventable, iatrogenic harms. While we caution against including dignitary harms within the scope of patient safety just because they are relevantly similar to other iatrogenic harms, we suggest that thinking about dignitary harms can help to elucidate the value of patient safety, and to illuminate the evolving relationship between safety and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"33-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/8f/jhac035.PMC9935492.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9096712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Can a MacIntyrian Care about Severely Disabled Strangers? 麦金蒂尔人能关心严重残疾的陌生人吗?
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac029
Gennady McCracken
{"title":"Can a MacIntyrian Care about Severely Disabled Strangers?","authors":"Gennady McCracken","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I argue that Alasdair MacIntyre has important resources to provide in the debate over the moral status of severely disabled people. In contrast, Gregory Poore suggests that MacIntyre's virtue theory cannot account for our responsibilities to severely disabled people. Given that MacIntyre bases his theory around community membership, this charge is made especially severe in the case of severely disabled strangers. I present an interpretation of MacIntyre that accounts for responsibilities to severely disabled strangers. I then argue that Poore is wrong to conclude that MacIntyre does not include severely disabled people in communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"47 6","pages":"761-769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10840926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is Aging a Disease? The Theoretical Definition of Aging in the Light of the Philosophy of Medicine. 衰老是一种疾病吗?医学哲学视野下衰老的理论定义。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac030
Cristian Saborido, Pablo García-Barranquero
{"title":"Is Aging a Disease? The Theoretical Definition of Aging in the Light of the Philosophy of Medicine.","authors":"Cristian Saborido,&nbsp;Pablo García-Barranquero","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the philosophical debate on aging, it is common to raise the question of the theoretical definition of aging in terms of its possible characterization as a disease. Understanding aging as a disease seems to imply its medicalization, which has important practical consequences. In this paper, we analyze the question of whether aging is a disease by appealing to the concept of disease in the philosophy of medicine. As a result of this analysis, we argue that a pragmatist approach to the conception of disease is the best alternative to highlight the relevance of the medicalization of aging. From this pragmatist perspective, it can be seen that the notion of aging is going through a conceptual change, and aging can today be understood as a not radically different process from any other condition that is usually considered a disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"47 6","pages":"770-783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Desirability of Difference: Georges Canguilhem and Body Integrity Identity Disorder. 差异的可取性:康圭朗与身体完整性认同障碍。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac027
Richard B Gibson
{"title":"The Desirability of Difference: Georges Canguilhem and Body Integrity Identity Disorder.","authors":"Richard B Gibson","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opponents of the provision of therapeutic, healthy limb amputation in Body Integrity Identity Disorder cases argue that such surgeries stand in contrast to the goal of medical practice - that of health restoration and maintenance. This paper refutes such a conclusion via an appeal to the nuanced and reflective model of health proposed by Georges Canguilhem. The paper examines the conceptual entanglement of the statistically common with the normatively desirable, arguing that a healthy body can take multiple forms, including that of an amputee, provided that such a form enables the continuing ability to initiate new norms of existence. It concludes that the practice of healthy limb amputation in cases of Body Integrity Identity Disorder is not only compatible with the goal of medicine but is potentially the only method of achieving this goal in the face of a complex and often mischaracterized disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"47 6","pages":"711-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
首页 上一页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信