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Which Kind of Body in "Mental" Pathologies? Phenomenological Insights on the Nature of the Disrupted Self. 精神 "病症中的哪种身体？关于 "混乱的自我 "本质的现象学见解。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad008
Valeria Bizzari
{"title":"Which Kind of Body in \"Mental\" Pathologies? Phenomenological Insights on the Nature of the Disrupted Self.","authors":"Valeria Bizzari","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhad008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guided by a phenomenological perspective, this paper aims to account for the existence of a corporeal consciousness-something that clinicians should take into account, not merely in the case of physical pathologies but especially in the case of mental disorders. Firstly, I will highlight three cases: schizophrenia, depression, and autism spectrum disorder. Then, I will show how these cases correspond to three different kinds of bodily existence: disembodiment (in the case of schizophrenia), chrematization (in melancholic depression), and dyssynchrony (in the autism spectrum disorder). Finally, I will argue for the importance of an \"expressive common environment\" between the patient and the clinician, who are two distinct, embodied conscious subjects resonating with one another. In this view, the primary goal of the therapeutic process seems to develop a shared understanding of the patient's life-world, which finds its main expression through the disrupted body.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"116-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Logic of Pregnancy. 怀孕的逻辑。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad005
Jonna Bornemark
{"title":"The Logic of Pregnancy.","authors":"Jonna Bornemark","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article takes its point of departure in Bracha Ettinger's discussion on the \"matrixial borderspace\": the structure of the experience of \"the womb,\" both from a \"mother-pole\" and a \"fetus-pole\". Ettinger describes this borderspace as a place of differentiation-in-co-emergence, separation-in-jointness, and distance-in-proximity. The question this article poses is what kind of logic this experience is an expression of, as there seems to be a discrepancy in relation to the classical Aristotelian logic of identity. As an alternative to classical Aristotelian logic, Nicholas of Cusa's logic of the non-aliud is explored as a paradigm more in line with Ettinger's description of pregnancy specifically and more generally, to an understanding of life as a co-poietic emergence of structures of pactivity and permeability.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"128-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9524562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Phenomenology of Objectification in and Through Medical Practice and Technology Development. 在医疗实践和技术发展中以及通过医疗实践和技术发展实现物化的现象学。
IF 1.3 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad007
Fredrik Svenaeus
{"title":"The Phenomenology of Objectification in and Through Medical Practice and Technology Development.","authors":"Fredrik Svenaeus","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhad007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectification is a real problem in medicine that can lead to bad medical practice or, in the worst case, dehumanization of the patient. Nevertheless, objectification also plays a major and necessary role in medicine: the patient's body should be viewed as a biological organism in order to find diseases and be able to cure them. Listening to the patient's illness story should not be replaced, but, indeed, developed by the physical examination of his body searching for the causes of his complaints. Whereas phenomenologists have so far mainly been identifying the back sides of objectification in medicine, in this paper the aim is to analyze differences between detrimental objectifications and objectifications that do not deprive the patient of his subjectivity but, rather, at least in some cases, may lead the patient to feel more at home with his body.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10116949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bioethics, Sociality, and Mental Illness. 生命伦理学、社会性和精神疾病。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad002
Magnus Englander
{"title":"Bioethics, Sociality, and Mental Illness.","authors":"Magnus Englander","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phenomenology of bioethics is approached here in relation to the lived experience as it relates to the everyday lifeworld of persons suffering from mental illness. Taking a road less traveled, the purpose here is to elucidate ethical issues relating to sociality, using findings from qualitative phenomenological psychological research. Qualitative studies of schizophrenia and postpartum depression serve as examples. Layered throughout is the applied phenomenological argument pointing to the importance of returning to mundane intersubjectivity and the reversibility between mental illness, the existential context of suffering, and sociality.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10214859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9900299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solastalgia: Climatic Anxiety-An Emotional Geography to Find Our Way Out. 《太阳痛:气候焦虑——寻找出路的情感地理》
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad006
Susi Ferrarello
{"title":"Solastalgia: Climatic Anxiety-An Emotional Geography to Find Our Way Out.","authors":"Susi Ferrarello","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper will discuss the notion of solastalgia or climatic anxiety (Albrecht et al., 2007; Galea et al., 2005) as a form of anxiety connected to traumatic environmental changes that generate an emotional blockage between individuals, their environment (Cloke et al., 2004) and their place (Nancy, 1993). I will use a phenomenological approach to explain the way in which emotions shape our constitution of reality (Husserl, 1970; Sartre, 1983, 1993, 1996; Seamon and Sowers, 2009; Shaw and Ward, 2009). The article's overall goal is to describe the relationship between environment and \"climatic\" emotions to understand what we can do to improve our well-being. I believe that scientistic and reductionistic ways of looking at climatic anxiety do not consider this complex dynamic and fail to propose actual solutions for the well-being of both the environment and the individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What is Phenomenological Bioethics? A Critical Appraisal of Its Ends and Means. 什么是现象学生物伦理学？对其目的和手段的批判性评估》。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad001
Lewis Coyne
{"title":"What is Phenomenological Bioethics? A Critical Appraisal of Its Ends and Means.","authors":"Lewis Coyne","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmp/jhad001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years the phenomenological approach to bioethics has been rejuvenated and reformulated by, among others, the Swedish philosopher Fredrik Svenaeus. Building on the now-relatively mainstream phenomenological approach to health and illness, Svenaeus has sought to bring phenomenological insights to bear on the bioethical enterprise, with a view to critiquing and refining the \"philosophical anthropology\" presupposed by the latter. This article offers a critical but sympathetic analysis of Svenaeus' efforts, focusing on both his conception of the ends of phenomenological bioethics and the predominantly Heideggerian means he employs. Doing so reveals certain problems with both. I argue that the main aim of phenomenological bioethics as set out by Svenaeus needs to be reformulated, and that there are important oversights in his approach to reaching this end. I conclude by arguing that to overcome the latter problem we should draw instead on the works of Max Scheler and Hans Jonas.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10807990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9385700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Saturated Phenomenon of Flesh and Mineness and Otherness of the Body in Illness. 疾病中肉体、我性的饱和现象与身体的他者性。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad004
Māra Grīnfelde
{"title":"The Saturated Phenomenon of Flesh and Mineness and Otherness of the Body in Illness.","authors":"Māra Grīnfelde","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhad004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key topic within the field of the phenomenology of medicine has been the relationship between body and self in illness, including discussions about the otherness and mineness of the body. The aim of this article is to distinguish between different meanings of bodily otherness and mineness in illness with reference to the interpretation of the body as \"saturated phenomenon,\" inspired by the phenomenology of Jean-Luc Marion. With the help of Marion's ideas it is possible to distinguish between two meanings of bodily otherness and of mineness (objective and non-objective forms). These distinctions support and elaborate on ideas already found in the phenomenology of medicine and offer further insights into the nature of the experience of illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 2","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9798404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Promoting Equity in Health Care through Human Flourishing, Justice, and Solidarity. 通过人类繁荣、正义和团结促进卫生保健公平。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac015
Fabrice Jotterand, Ryan Spellecy, Mary Homan, Arthur R Derse
{"title":"Promoting Equity in Health Care through Human Flourishing, Justice, and Solidarity.","authors":"Fabrice Jotterand,&nbsp;Ryan Spellecy,&nbsp;Mary Homan,&nbsp;Arthur R Derse","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we develop a non-rights-based argument based on beneficence (i.e., the welfare of individuals and communities) and justice as the disposition to act justly to promote equity in health care resource allocation. To this end, we structured our analysis according to the following main sections. The first section examines the work of Amartya Sen and his equality of capabilities approach and outlines a framework of health care as a fundamental human need. In the subsequent section, we provide a definition of health equity based on the moral imperative to guarantee that every individual ought to have the freedom to pursue health goals and well-being. In the later part of the article, we outline a non-right approach to health care based on three pillars: (1) human flourishing, (2) justice as a disposition not a process, and (3) solidarity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"98-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10843584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Recognizing the Diverse Faces of Later Life: Old Age as a Category of Intersectional Analysis in Medical Ethics. 认识到晚年生活的不同面貌:老年作为医学伦理学交叉分析的一个范畴。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac038
Merle Weßel, Mark Schweda
{"title":"Recognizing the Diverse Faces of Later Life: Old Age as a Category of Intersectional Analysis in Medical Ethics.","authors":"Merle Weßel,&nbsp;Mark Schweda","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public and academic medical ethics debates surrounding justice and age discrimination often proceed from a problematic understanding of old age that ignores the diversity of older people. This article introduces the feminist perspective of intersectionality to medical ethical debates on aging and old age in order to analyze the structural discrimination of older people in medicine and health care. While current intersectional approaches in this field focus on race, gender, and sexuality, we thus set out to introduce aging and old age as an additional category that is becoming more relevant in the context of longer life expectancies and increasing population aging. We analyze three exemplary cases on the individual, institutional, and public health level, and argue that considering the intersections of old age with other social categories helps to accommodate the diverse identities of older people and detect inequality and structural discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"21-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9096264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Uncertainty, Evidence, and the Integration of Machine Learning into Medical Practice. 不确定性、证据和机器学习与医疗实践的整合。
IF 1.6 3区 哲学
Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhac034
Thomas Grote, Philipp Berens
{"title":"Uncertainty, Evidence, and the Integration of Machine Learning into Medical Practice.","authors":"Thomas Grote,&nbsp;Philipp Berens","doi":"10.1093/jmp/jhac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhac034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In light of recent advances in machine learning for medical applications, the automation of medical diagnostics is imminent. That said, before machine learning algorithms find their way into clinical practice, various problems at the epistemic level need to be overcome. In this paper, we discuss different sources of uncertainty arising for clinicians trying to evaluate the trustworthiness of algorithmic evidence when making diagnostic judgments. Thereby, we examine many of the limitations of current machine learning algorithms (with deep learning in particular) and highlight their relevance for medical diagnostics. Among the problems we inspect are the theoretical foundations of deep learning (which are not yet adequately understood), the opacity of algorithmic decisions, and the vulnerabilities of machine learning models, as well as concerns regarding the quality of medical data used to train the models. Building on this, we discuss different desiderata for an uncertainty amelioration strategy that ensures that the integration of machine learning into clinical settings proves to be medically beneficial in a meaningful way.</p>","PeriodicalId":47377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy","volume":"48 1","pages":"84-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10841967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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