{"title":"Bullying Victimization and Smartphone Addiction of Chinese Adolescents: The Chain Mediating Role of School Belonging and Anxiety/Depression","authors":"Di Guan, Siyi Zhang, Huaxia Xiong, Yaqing Mao","doi":"10.1002/car.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is crucial to identify protective factors that can resist the adverse consequences resulting from bullying victimization (BV). Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study explores the relationship between BV, smartphone addiction, school belonging and anxiety/depression among Chinese adolescents. A total of 12,009 Chinese adolescents (grades 7–9, 52.66% female) from eastern, central and western China participated in this research. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping techniques were employed to test the proposed model. The results indicated that BV was positively associated with smartphone addiction and anxiety/depression, while negatively associated with school belonging. Both school belonging and anxiety/depression serve as independent mediators between BV and smartphone addiction, and they also play a chain-mediating role. These findings provide empirical support for the conservation of resources theory by uncovering a potential chain mediation mechanism through school belonging and anxiety/depression and suggest that strengthening students' school belonging may represent a promising focus for preventing smartphone addiction among bullied adolescents.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148088191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Chinese Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being and Deviant Behaviour: A Moderated Mediation Model","authors":"Lu Wang","doi":"10.1002/car.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Extant research has established associations among adverse childhood experiences, mental health and deviant behaviour, yet the pathways through which adverse childhood experiences exert their effects through social-relational mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. Based on data from 1004 adolescents in Jilin Province, this study investigated whether social exclusion mediates the associations between adverse childhood experiences and psychological well-being and deviant behaviour, and whether these associations differ by gender. Results indicated that adverse childhood experiences have a direct positive effect on adolescents' deviant behaviour, whereas the direct effect on psychological well-being is not significant. Social exclusion plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent deviant behaviour, and a full mediating role in the link between adverse childhood experiences and adolescents' psychological well-being. Group-difference analyses revealed that the impact of adverse childhood experiences on social exclusion is more pronounced among females, whereas the influence of social exclusion on psychological well-being is more significant among males. The findings illuminate the mechanism whereby early family adversity undermines adolescent psychosocial outcomes through peer relationships, underscoring the importance of social work interventions addressing social exclusion and gender-specific differences.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148081953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander McTier, Jillian Ingram, Jennifer Morrison, Sarah Brow
{"title":"Recording Disabled Children Within Scotland's Child Protection System: A Test Collection","authors":"Alexander McTier, Jillian Ingram, Jennifer Morrison, Sarah Brow","doi":"10.1002/car.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disabled children have been found to be at three to four times greater risk of harm and abuse than their non-disabled peers (Jones et al. <span>2012</span>; Sullivan and Knutson <span>2000</span>). Applying this to the 9% of Scotland's children who are reported as disabled (Scotland's Census <span>2022</span>), disability among Scotland's children in need of care and protection would be expected to be in the range of 27%–36%. This increased level of risk is not, however, reflected in Scotland's children's social work statistics. Just 5% of children on the child protection register and 10% of ‘looked after’ children were recorded as having a disability (Scottish Government <span>2025</span>).</p><p>While it is possible that the harm and abuse of disabled children are being missed by services, the more likely scenario is that disabled children at risk of or experiencing harm and abuse are being identified but are not consistently being recorded as disabled in children's social work management information systems. Disability is a contested term and consequently a complex area of measurement (Franklin et al. <span>2020</span>). There are many reasons for an under-recording of disability, including differing definitions of disability, variable practitioner skill and confidence in identifying and reporting disability (particularly among younger children) and waiting lists for specialist health and disability assessments (Cappa et al. <span>2015</span>; Loeb et al. <span>2018</span>; McTier <span>2024</span>). However, without improvements to the collection of statistics, the number and needs of disabled children will only be partially visible. In response, this article reports on a data improvement project that has developed and tested a revised set of disability indicators in one part of Scotland's child protection system, specifically joint investigative interviews using the Scottish Child Interview Model.</p><p>A joint investigative interview is a forensic interview, conducted jointly by a specially trained police officer and social worker, with a child who may have been a victim or witness of a crime or who may be at risk of significant harm. The interview forms part of a multi-agency child protection investigation.</p><p>The Scottish Child Interview Model, which began delivery in 2020, is a new approach to joint investigative interviewing which is trauma-informed, focused on the child's needs, and seeks to achieve best evidence through improved planning and interviewing techniques. As part of the approach, interviewers develop a ‘Plan for the Child's Needs’ that draws on information about each child's strengths, resources, previous experience of trauma, relationships, disability, health and wellbeing to help ensure the interview is tailored to each child.</p><p>Development and implementation support for the Scottish Child Interview Model has been led by the National Joint Investigative Interviewing Team, which is a collaborative partnership bet","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander McTier, Jillian Ingram, Jennifer Morrison, Sarah Brow
{"title":"Recording Disabled Children Within Scotland's Child Protection System: A Test Collection","authors":"Alexander McTier, Jillian Ingram, Jennifer Morrison, Sarah Brow","doi":"10.1002/car.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disabled children have been found to be at three to four times greater risk of harm and abuse than their non-disabled peers (Jones et al. <span>2012</span>; Sullivan and Knutson <span>2000</span>). Applying this to the 9% of Scotland's children who are reported as disabled (Scotland's Census <span>2022</span>), disability among Scotland's children in need of care and protection would be expected to be in the range of 27%–36%. This increased level of risk is not, however, reflected in Scotland's children's social work statistics. Just 5% of children on the child protection register and 10% of ‘looked after’ children were recorded as having a disability (Scottish Government <span>2025</span>).</p><p>While it is possible that the harm and abuse of disabled children are being missed by services, the more likely scenario is that disabled children at risk of or experiencing harm and abuse are being identified but are not consistently being recorded as disabled in children's social work management information systems. Disability is a contested term and consequently a complex area of measurement (Franklin et al. <span>2020</span>). There are many reasons for an under-recording of disability, including differing definitions of disability, variable practitioner skill and confidence in identifying and reporting disability (particularly among younger children) and waiting lists for specialist health and disability assessments (Cappa et al. <span>2015</span>; Loeb et al. <span>2018</span>; McTier <span>2024</span>). However, without improvements to the collection of statistics, the number and needs of disabled children will only be partially visible. In response, this article reports on a data improvement project that has developed and tested a revised set of disability indicators in one part of Scotland's child protection system, specifically joint investigative interviews using the Scottish Child Interview Model.</p><p>A joint investigative interview is a forensic interview, conducted jointly by a specially trained police officer and social worker, with a child who may have been a victim or witness of a crime or who may be at risk of significant harm. The interview forms part of a multi-agency child protection investigation.</p><p>The Scottish Child Interview Model, which began delivery in 2020, is a new approach to joint investigative interviewing which is trauma-informed, focused on the child's needs, and seeks to achieve best evidence through improved planning and interviewing techniques. As part of the approach, interviewers develop a ‘Plan for the Child's Needs’ that draws on information about each child's strengths, resources, previous experience of trauma, relationships, disability, health and wellbeing to help ensure the interview is tailored to each child.</p><p>Development and implementation support for the Scottish Child Interview Model has been led by the National Joint Investigative Interviewing Team, which is a collaborative partnership bet","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoqing Li, Yanfang Zhong, Jinxiu Long, Yuran Sun
{"title":"Association Between Violence Exposure Within and Across Contexts and Sleep Problems Among Chinese Children","authors":"Xiaoqing Li, Yanfang Zhong, Jinxiu Long, Yuran Sun","doi":"10.1002/car.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has established that exposure to violence is linked to sleep problems among children. However, it is unclear whether linkages between exposure to violence and sleep problems vary by form (witnessing and victimisation) or context (family, school and community). This study compared associations of two forms (witnessing and victimisation) of violence exposure within and across contexts (family, school and community) with sleep problems among children. Gender differences were also examined in the above association. A total of 710 students (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 10.94, <i>SD</i> = 0.76) were recruited from 10 elementary schools in Zhejiang Province, China. All participants completed the Multiple Forms of Violence Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used to analyse the data. Results showed that within the family context, family victimisation was more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence. Across contexts, both witnessing school violence and witnessing community violence were more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence, while family victimisation was more relevant than community victimisation. No significant gender differences were found in the above association. These findings help to understand the association between different forms of violence exposure across different contexts and sleep problems, thus providing practical guidance for the prevention and intervention of sleep problems in violence-exposed children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoqing Li, Yanfang Zhong, Jinxiu Long, Yuran Sun
{"title":"Association Between Violence Exposure Within and Across Contexts and Sleep Problems Among Chinese Children","authors":"Xiaoqing Li, Yanfang Zhong, Jinxiu Long, Yuran Sun","doi":"10.1002/car.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has established that exposure to violence is linked to sleep problems among children. However, it is unclear whether linkages between exposure to violence and sleep problems vary by form (witnessing and victimisation) or context (family, school and community). This study compared associations of two forms (witnessing and victimisation) of violence exposure within and across contexts (family, school and community) with sleep problems among children. Gender differences were also examined in the above association. A total of 710 students (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 10.94, <i>SD</i> = 0.76) were recruited from 10 elementary schools in Zhejiang Province, China. All participants completed the Multiple Forms of Violence Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used to analyse the data. Results showed that within the family context, family victimisation was more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence. Across contexts, both witnessing school violence and witnessing community violence were more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence, while family victimisation was more relevant than community victimisation. No significant gender differences were found in the above association. These findings help to understand the association between different forms of violence exposure across different contexts and sleep problems, thus providing practical guidance for the prevention and intervention of sleep problems in violence-exposed children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}