Child Abuse Review最新文献

{"title":"Developing an Understanding of Complex Trauma Among Child Sexual Assault Survivors in South Africa: Implications for Practice","authors":"Shanaaz Mathews,&nbsp;Lizette M. Berry","doi":"10.1002/car.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>South Africa has extraordinarily high levels of CSA with profound immediate and long-term mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the mental health adjustment of children who experienced CSA and accessed support services using mixed methods. Structured interviews using validated mental health screening tools were conducted with children, between the ages of 7–18 years at three intervals over a 10-month period. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with primary caregivers to explore their views on the child's adjustment, and a validated parenting measure was used to assess parenting practices over time. Nearly 20% of all children met the clinical criteria for depression, but younger children showed increased recovery from depression over time. More than a third (37%) of younger children had full-symptom PTSD at baseline, with about a quarter (24%) of adolescents meeting the full-symptom PTSD criteria. We found that although full-symptom PTSD decreased to 26% for younger children, there was a slight increase (32%) in full-symptom PTSD among adolescents. Children's experiences of poly-victimisation were highlighted through caregiver interviews combined with caregivers' own experiences of unresolved trauma. Therapeutic models need to address the complex nature of trauma that children experience and unresolved trauma experienced by many families to break this intergenerational cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Esteem, Family Support and Online Grooming Risk Among Adolescents: The Role of Problematic Internet Usage","authors":"Yahya Aktu","doi":"10.1002/car.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The online grooming risk (OGR) among adolescents has risen due to the development of technology and the growing use of social media. Although crucial links have been described among family support, self-esteem and OGR, little is known about the mechanisms problematic Internet usage has in these links. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of problematic Internet usage in the relationship among family support, self-esteem and OGR. The participants consist of a total of 406 adolescents in Türkiye, with 283 girls and 123 boys (age, mean ± standard deviation = 16.25 ± 1.68). The relationships among the variables were examined using the Pearson correlation, while mediation analyses were carried out using structural equation modelling. Correlational analyses reveal family support to be negatively associated with both OGR and problematic Internet usage. Meanwhile, family support was positively correlated with self-esteem. Similarly, a positive and statistically significant relationship was determined between OGR and problematic Internet usage. The results indicate problematic Internet usage to mediate the relationship between family support and OGR as well as the relationship between self-esteem and OGR. These results highlight the importance of paying attention to adolescents' mental health regarding problematic Internet usage by considering the protective factors of self-esteem and family support due to their close association with OGR.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Child Abuse Before, During and After Confinement by COVID-19: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study in Bogotá","authors":"Maria Camila Zuloaga-Sarmiento,&nbsp;Juan Jose Nofal-Ladino,&nbsp;Maria Alejandra Palacios-Ariza,&nbsp;Johana Benavides-Cruz,&nbsp;Maria Esperanza Duran,&nbsp;German Darío Briceño","doi":"10.1002/car.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Child abuse represents a significant global issue with profound short- and long-term social consequences. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated risk factors associated with child abuse, particularly during confinement periods. This study aimed to assess the frequency of child abuse in three health institutions in Bogotá from 2019 to 2021, encompassing the pre-pandemic, social isolation and social reopening phases. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving patients under 18 years diagnosed with child abuse through the ‘Buen Trato’ program at Clinica Colsanitas S.A. The study calculated the overall frequency of abuse across different periods and utilized descriptive statistics to characterize the cases. A total of 294 cases were identified, with a median age of 9.3 years; 60.9% were female, and 42.5% were adolescents. Sexual abuse emerged as the most prevalent form of abuse, primarily perpetrated by parents. The overall confirmed child abuse frequency was 47.6%, with a notable rise in cases during the pandemic: pre-pandemic (confirmed/reported: 104/207; 50.2%), social isolation (144/302; 47.7%) and social reopening (46/109; 42.2%). Interestingly, during the social isolation period, there was a decline in reported suspected abuse cases in health institutions, likely due to access barriers created by confinement measures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Outcome When Schools Report Concern for a Child to the Norwegian Child Welfare and Protection Services?","authors":"Svein Arild Vis,&nbsp;Camilla Lauritzen","doi":"10.1002/car.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>School teachers are a professional group that are responsible for a large proportion of reports concerning suspected child abuse and neglect. This study looks at which concerns are more often reported by schools and if these reports are more likely substantiated when the school is the reporter. The study was designed as a retrospective case-file study (<i>N</i> = 883). Results show that concerns about the child being exposed to physical abuse were notably more frequent in reports from schools compared to other reporters and were more often substantiated when the reports came from schools as opposed to other reporting agencies. The odds for substantiation of abuse were 6.4 times higher if an abuse concern had been raised in the report compared to when it had not. This effect was not significantly mediated by the school being the reporter. School reports contain to a lesser extent concern about risk factors within the family and local environment. This is not necessarily a shortcoming on behalf of schools but may represent conditions that a teacher has less knowledge of and that constitute a ‘blind spot’ for employees in the education sector. The child welfare service must take this into account when assessing school reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sexual Exploitation of Children in the Care of the Irish State—Professionals' Perspectives","authors":"Mary Canning,&nbsp;Marie Keenan,&nbsp;Ruth Breslin","doi":"10.1002/car.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders who have diverse experience of working with children in Ireland, this article highlights that children in residential care are being targeted for sexual exploitation in an organised manner, by networks or gangs of predatory men. The study found that current staffing challenges in the care environment are making it difficult for children to develop trusting relationships to feel sufficiently comfortable to disclose their experiences of sexual exploitation and seek help. It also found that some professionals saw children who were sexually exploited in residential care as ‘problematic’ or even at times inadvertently blamed them for their own exploitation. It further found that the risk of sexual exploitation for children is increased when care staff lack the skills and language to identify, speak about and respond to reports of sexual exploitation. Although there is some evidence of children in families being sexually exploited, a particular context for targeting children for sexual exploitation, that of being in state care, is clearly highlighted in this paper and aligns with evidence from other jurisdictions. The findings suggest a need for a national policy on the protection of children in care from sexual exploitation that would not only prioritise the issue but would trigger increased training and education of social carers, social workers and the Irish police force on the complexities underpinning sexual exploitation so that they are better equipped to protect children in care.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-Based Violence in Children's SportBy Gretchen Kerr, London: Routledge, 2023. 170 pp. £125.00 (hardcover), ISBN: 9780367473662","authors":"Sivakumar Iyyanar,&nbsp;Sree Govind Bharatvaraj","doi":"10.1002/car.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intersection of child protection and healthcare: Paediatric social admissions","authors":"Leanne Stapleton","doi":"10.1002/car.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the context of a national shortage of specialist placements for children with complex needs in Ireland, this study examines the impact of healthcare professionals' management of paediatric social admissions (PSAs) in paediatric hospital settings, with particular attention to the child protection and welfare challenges encountered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design and Participants</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative research design was utilised, employing semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals as the primary data collection method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thematic analysis of the interviews identified three principal themes: the spectrum of social admissions, influences and barriers, and the moral imperative of managing PSAs. The study found that social factors significantly influence the management and decision-making processes in paediatric cases, often resulting in prolonged hospital stays. The findings highlight complex child protection issues, including severe shortages in specialist placements and the frequent discharge of children to environments other than their homes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The children involved in this study often remained in acute care settings for protracted periods, ranging from 6 months to several years. These extended stays deprived them of normal routines, education, and family life, underscoring substantial child protection concerns. This study calls for urgent systemic improvements to address these issues and ensure that the rights and well-being of children involved with PSAs are upheld.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of child safeguarding cases managed by National Governing Bodies of sport across England and Wales","authors":"Daniel Rhind,&nbsp;Robert Booth,&nbsp;Rachel Ade,&nbsp;Nick Slinn,&nbsp;Jude Towesland,&nbsp;Olivia Garrod","doi":"10.1002/car.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study responded to a recommendation in the independent Duty of Care Report that called for standardised data to be collected and analysed regarding safeguarding cases in sport. A standardised case data tool was developed and piloted before being adopted by National Governing Bodies across England and Wales. An analysis of the first 4 years of data shows that a total of 3129 cases were managed. Overall, 54% of cases concerned behaviour outside of the context of sport. This demonstrates that sport plays an important role in the broader child protection system. In the remaining 46% of cases, the safeguarding concern was related to behaviour in the context of sport. The most commonly reported forms of concern in sport were physical abuse (20%), contact sexual abuse (20%), non-contact sexual abuse (17%) and emotional abuse (17%). The threshold for cases to be included in the analysis was that the case was judged to be sufficiently serious to involve referral to, or consultation with, the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO), Children's Services or the Police. There are clearly many cases that did not meet this threshold or were never reported, and hence, these data provide an indication of the safeguarding issues related to sport. The need to expand the tool to collect lower level concerns as well as to include safeguarding concerns regarding adults is advocated.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive and reactive sibling aggression and their mediating effects on the relationship between exposure to parental violence and adulthood intimate partner violence perpetration","authors":"Ayleen Flores,&nbsp;Ruby Charak","doi":"10.1002/car.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is generally understood that individuals who experience exposure to parental violence (EPV) during childhood may come to perpetrate violence, but not all will. Research has shown that individuals who experience EPV can model maladaptive modes of problem-solving that can later be seen in sibling relationships as aggression. This can lead to a heightened risk of adulthood intimate partner violence perpetration (IPV). This study aimed to examine the mediating role of proactive and reactive sibling aggression in the associations of three forms of childhood EPV—violence directed from mother-to-father, father-to-mother, bidirectional—and perpetration of sexual and physical IPV types during adulthood. Participants were 322 emerging adults in the age range 18–29 years (<i>M</i> = 24.69, <i>SD</i> = 2.91; 182 female) recruited online via Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Findings indicated that our sample endorsed bidirectional EPV (41.3%), proactive sibling aggression (87.2%) and reactive sibling aggression (94.7%) in childhood. In adulthood, they endorsed physical IPV (20.8%) and sexual IPV (22.7%). The mediation model indicated that those who had bidirectional EPV were more likely to engage in proactive aggression, which was associated with engagement in physical perpetration of IPV, and sexual perpetration of IPV. Findings suggest the need for intervention programs during childhood in those with exposure to parental violence and sibling proactive aggression.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thematic analysis of the involvement of children and families in Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews in England","authors":"Cassy Harrison,&nbsp;Claire Barker","doi":"10.1002/car.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The need to involve children and families in Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews (CSPRs) is set out within the current statutory guidance. However, there remains limited guidance that sets out how this should be done and the available research indicates that children and families are often excluded or choose not to be involved. The aim of this study was to explore how children and families are currently being involved in CSPRs in order to support the development of best practice approaches. The study was conducted by undertaking a thematic analysis of the involvement of children and families in the CSPRs published on the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) repository since the implementation of the guidance in 2018. The analyses identified four themes: ‘reports do not mention family involvement’, ‘children and families were excluded’, ‘children and families were invited but were not involved’ and ‘children and families were invited and at least one member was involved’. The study concludes that there is a necessity for clearer guidance regarding how, when and who will engage with the children and families, taking an individualised approach that offers flexibility, provides support and addresses trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}