Child Abuse Review最新文献

{"title":"Recording Disabled Children Within Scotland's Child Protection System: A Test Collection","authors":"Alexander McTier, Jillian Ingram, Jennifer Morrison, Sarah Brow","doi":"10.1002/car.70124","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disabled children have been found to be at three to four times greater risk of harm and abuse than their non-disabled peers (Jones et al. <span>2012</span>; Sullivan and Knutson <span>2000</span>). Applying this to the 9% of Scotland's children who are reported as disabled (Scotland's Census <span>2022</span>), disability among Scotland's children in need of care and protection would be expected to be in the range of 27%–36%. This increased level of risk is not, however, reflected in Scotland's children's social work statistics. Just 5% of children on the child protection register and 10% of ‘looked after’ children were recorded as having a disability (Scottish Government <span>2025</span>).</p><p>While it is possible that the harm and abuse of disabled children are being missed by services, the more likely scenario is that disabled children at risk of or experiencing harm and abuse are being identified but are not consistently being recorded as disabled in children's social work management information systems. Disability is a contested term and consequently a complex area of measurement (Franklin et al. <span>2020</span>). There are many reasons for an under-recording of disability, including differing definitions of disability, variable practitioner skill and confidence in identifying and reporting disability (particularly among younger children) and waiting lists for specialist health and disability assessments (Cappa et al. <span>2015</span>; Loeb et al. <span>2018</span>; McTier <span>2024</span>). However, without improvements to the collection of statistics, the number and needs of disabled children will only be partially visible. In response, this article reports on a data improvement project that has developed and tested a revised set of disability indicators in one part of Scotland's child protection system, specifically joint investigative interviews using the Scottish Child Interview Model.</p><p>A joint investigative interview is a forensic interview, conducted jointly by a specially trained police officer and social worker, with a child who may have been a victim or witness of a crime or who may be at risk of significant harm. The interview forms part of a multi-agency child protection investigation.</p><p>The Scottish Child Interview Model, which began delivery in 2020, is a new approach to joint investigative interviewing which is trauma-informed, focused on the child's needs, and seeks to achieve best evidence through improved planning and interviewing techniques. As part of the approach, interviewers develop a ‘Plan for the Child's Needs’ that draws on information about each child's strengths, resources, previous experience of trauma, relationships, disability, health and wellbeing to help ensure the interview is tailored to each child.</p><p>Development and implementation support for the Scottish Child Interview Model has been led by the National Joint Investigative Interviewing Team, which is a collaborative partnership bet","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recording Disabled Children Within Scotland's Child Protection System: A Test Collection","authors":"Alexander McTier, Jillian Ingram, Jennifer Morrison, Sarah Brow","doi":"10.1002/car.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Disabled children have been found to be at three to four times greater risk of harm and abuse than their non-disabled peers (Jones et al. <span>2012</span>; Sullivan and Knutson <span>2000</span>). Applying this to the 9% of Scotland's children who are reported as disabled (Scotland's Census <span>2022</span>), disability among Scotland's children in need of care and protection would be expected to be in the range of 27%–36%. This increased level of risk is not, however, reflected in Scotland's children's social work statistics. Just 5% of children on the child protection register and 10% of ‘looked after’ children were recorded as having a disability (Scottish Government <span>2025</span>).</p><p>While it is possible that the harm and abuse of disabled children are being missed by services, the more likely scenario is that disabled children at risk of or experiencing harm and abuse are being identified but are not consistently being recorded as disabled in children's social work management information systems. Disability is a contested term and consequently a complex area of measurement (Franklin et al. <span>2020</span>). There are many reasons for an under-recording of disability, including differing definitions of disability, variable practitioner skill and confidence in identifying and reporting disability (particularly among younger children) and waiting lists for specialist health and disability assessments (Cappa et al. <span>2015</span>; Loeb et al. <span>2018</span>; McTier <span>2024</span>). However, without improvements to the collection of statistics, the number and needs of disabled children will only be partially visible. In response, this article reports on a data improvement project that has developed and tested a revised set of disability indicators in one part of Scotland's child protection system, specifically joint investigative interviews using the Scottish Child Interview Model.</p><p>A joint investigative interview is a forensic interview, conducted jointly by a specially trained police officer and social worker, with a child who may have been a victim or witness of a crime or who may be at risk of significant harm. The interview forms part of a multi-agency child protection investigation.</p><p>The Scottish Child Interview Model, which began delivery in 2020, is a new approach to joint investigative interviewing which is trauma-informed, focused on the child's needs, and seeks to achieve best evidence through improved planning and interviewing techniques. As part of the approach, interviewers develop a ‘Plan for the Child's Needs’ that draws on information about each child's strengths, resources, previous experience of trauma, relationships, disability, health and wellbeing to help ensure the interview is tailored to each child.</p><p>Development and implementation support for the Scottish Child Interview Model has been led by the National Joint Investigative Interviewing Team, which is a collaborative partnership bet","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Violence Exposure Within and Across Contexts and Sleep Problems Among Chinese Children","authors":"Xiaoqing Li,&nbsp;Yanfang Zhong,&nbsp;Jinxiu Long,&nbsp;Yuran Sun","doi":"10.1002/car.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has established that exposure to violence is linked to sleep problems among children. However, it is unclear whether linkages between exposure to violence and sleep problems vary by form (witnessing and victimisation) or context (family, school and community). This study compared associations of two forms (witnessing and victimisation) of violence exposure within and across contexts (family, school and community) with sleep problems among children. Gender differences were also examined in the above association. A total of 710 students (<i>M</i>_age = 10.94, <i>SD</i> = 0.76) were recruited from 10 elementary schools in Zhejiang Province, China. All participants completed the Multiple Forms of Violence Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used to analyse the data. Results showed that within the family context, family victimisation was more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence. Across contexts, both witnessing school violence and witnessing community violence were more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence, while family victimisation was more relevant than community victimisation. No significant gender differences were found in the above association. These findings help to understand the association between different forms of violence exposure across different contexts and sleep problems, thus providing practical guidance for the prevention and intervention of sleep problems in violence-exposed children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Violence Exposure Within and Across Contexts and Sleep Problems Among Chinese Children","authors":"Xiaoqing Li,&nbsp;Yanfang Zhong,&nbsp;Jinxiu Long,&nbsp;Yuran Sun","doi":"10.1002/car.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has established that exposure to violence is linked to sleep problems among children. However, it is unclear whether linkages between exposure to violence and sleep problems vary by form (witnessing and victimisation) or context (family, school and community). This study compared associations of two forms (witnessing and victimisation) of violence exposure within and across contexts (family, school and community) with sleep problems among children. Gender differences were also examined in the above association. A total of 710 students (<i>M</i>_age = 10.94, <i>SD</i> = 0.76) were recruited from 10 elementary schools in Zhejiang Province, China. All participants completed the Multiple Forms of Violence Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used to analyse the data. Results showed that within the family context, family victimisation was more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence. Across contexts, both witnessing school violence and witnessing community violence were more strongly associated with sleep problems than witnessing family violence, while family victimisation was more relevant than community victimisation. No significant gender differences were found in the above association. These findings help to understand the association between different forms of violence exposure across different contexts and sleep problems, thus providing practical guidance for the prevention and intervention of sleep problems in violence-exposed children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Child Abuse: Family-Based Programs to Improve Resiliencies and Address Substance UseBy Edward Cohen, Rosemary Tisch, Melissa Santos, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2026. 405 pp. $86.41 (hardback). $72.00 (ebook). ISBN: 978-0-19-762960-4","authors":"Shuxian Zhu,&nbsp;Biyu Wu","doi":"10.1002/car.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Child Abuse: Family-Based Programs to Improve Resiliencies and Address Substance UseBy Edward Cohen, Rosemary Tisch, Melissa Santos, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2026. 405 pp. $86.41 (hardback). $72.00 (ebook). ISBN: 978-0-19-762960-4","authors":"Shuxian Zhu,&nbsp;Biyu Wu","doi":"10.1002/car.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147568056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Roots of Child Sexual Abuse in Pakistan: A Statistical Analysis of Cultural and Societal Determinants","authors":"Sikandar Khan,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmad,&nbsp;Haji Ur Rahman,&nbsp;Imran Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Arif Muhammad","doi":"10.1002/car.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Pakistan, the issue of child sexual abuse is further exacerbated by the lack of cultural and societal influence. The objective of this investigation was to identify the gap between the cultural and societal determinants of child sexual abuse. The researchers used a cross-sectional methodology, and data were obtained from 264 respondents aged between 28 and 60 years. The chi-square test and Kendall's Tc tests were employed at the bivariate level to investigate the relationship between the variable cultural norms and the societal norms that are responsible for child sexual abuse. Further, logistic regression analysis was used to predict the occurrence of child sexual abuse. The logistic regression model indicated that the probability of possessing cultural factors and norms related to CSA increased nearly twofold because of a change in parental marital status, such as divorce. This study identified specific cultural and societal determinants that increase the risk of child sexual abuse. Additionally, this study found a positive impact of marital status on the cultural norms associated with traditional society and recommends culturally profound deliberation and policies to increase stakeholder awareness and safeguard vulnerable children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Roots of Child Sexual Abuse in Pakistan: A Statistical Analysis of Cultural and Societal Determinants","authors":"Sikandar Khan,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmad,&nbsp;Haji Ur Rahman,&nbsp;Imran Ullah Khan,&nbsp;Arif Muhammad","doi":"10.1002/car.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Pakistan, the issue of child sexual abuse is further exacerbated by the lack of cultural and societal influence. The objective of this investigation was to identify the gap between the cultural and societal determinants of child sexual abuse. The researchers used a cross-sectional methodology, and data were obtained from 264 respondents aged between 28 and 60 years. The chi-square test and Kendall's Tc tests were employed at the bivariate level to investigate the relationship between the variable cultural norms and the societal norms that are responsible for child sexual abuse. Further, logistic regression analysis was used to predict the occurrence of child sexual abuse. The logistic regression model indicated that the probability of possessing cultural factors and norms related to CSA increased nearly twofold because of a change in parental marital status, such as divorce. This study identified specific cultural and societal determinants that increase the risk of child sexual abuse. Additionally, this study found a positive impact of marital status on the cultural norms associated with traditional society and recommends culturally profound deliberation and policies to increase stakeholder awareness and safeguard vulnerable children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking Work-Related and Sexual Exploitation of Migrant Girls in Ghana's Urban Markets","authors":"Sylvester Kyei-Gyamfi","doi":"10.1002/car.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the prevalence, patterns and predictors of both work-related and sexual exploitation among <i>Kayayei</i> (female adolescent head porters) in Ghana's urban markets, specifically Makola and Agbogbloshie. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed 339 <i>Kayayei</i> and conducted focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Quantitative findings revealed high levels of exploitation, with 84.8% reporting work-related and 67.8% reporting sexual-related exploitation. Younger age (10–12 years), lower educational attainment and informal work status were significant predictors of vulnerability. Common forms of exploitation included underpayment, carrying excessive loads, lack of rest and sexual coercion. The theory of structural violence (TSV) was applied to contextualise how systemic inequalities, such as poverty, gender discrimination and lack of legal protections, perpetuate the exploitation of <i>Kayayei</i>. Qualitative narratives affirmed that <i>Kayayei</i> face sexual harassment, transactional sex, survival sex and rape, which are often normalised and underreported. These findings confirm existing literature but extend understanding by emphasising the intersection of structural factors and lived experiences of exploitation. The study concludes that without systemic reforms in policy, education, legal frameworks and social protection, the cyclical abuse of <i>Kayayei</i> will persist. Recommendations for targeted interventions and reforms are provided.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Childhood Behavioural Problems and Child Maltreatment: The Mediating Role of Parenting Stress","authors":"Xiaoyue Sun,&nbsp;Yao Dong","doi":"10.1002/car.70120","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Child maltreatment is an international health problem. Previous studies found that characteristics of children and parents were connected to child maltreatment; however, most studies focused on parenting factors. It is unclear how child behavioural problems perceived by parents are associated with child maltreatment. This study examined the association between parental perceptions of child behavioural problems and child maltreatment, and the mediating role of parenting stress in the above relationship. We conducted a cross-sectional school-based study, including 1390 parents of preschool children aged between three and five living in a city of Henan, China. Child maltreatment, child behavioural problems, and parenting stress were assessed by the Chinese revised version of Parent–Child Conflict Strategy Scale, Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers (Second Edition), and the Simplified Parenting Stress Index/Short Form, respectively. All questionnaires were completed by parents through online surveys. Child behavioural problems were positively associated with child maltreatment (<i>β</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), controlling for nine socio-demographic variables. The study also revealed that parenting stress could partially mediate the relationship between child behavioural problems and child maltreatment.The present study examined the child-driven effects on child maltreatment, underlining the importance of parental perceptions of child behavioural problems for increased child maltreatment. Parents who perceived their children problematic were more likely to be stressed and exert parenting problems; therefore, programs should include strategies for relieving parenting stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}