Child Abuse Review最新文献

{"title":"Friends and safeguarding: Young people's views about safety and to whom they would share safety concerns","authors":"Douglas H. Russell,&nbsp;Daryl J. Higgins","doi":"10.1002/car.2825","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Child sexual abuse prevention strategies typically focus on teaching children ‘protective behaviours’, including telling a ‘trusted adult’. However, disclosure rates are low, and we know little about who they tell. We analysed data from over 3400 young people aged 10–18. After viewing hypothetical unsafe scenarios involving either an adult or peer, participants were asked whether – and whom – they would tell someone if such a situation occurred. Most (83.9 per cent) said they would tell someone about concerns involving an adult; fewer (79.3 per cent) would tell if they encountered an unsafe situation with a peer. Across adult and peer scenarios, participants were most likely to say they would approach their mother (about concerning behaviour of an adult, 68.7 per cent; or a peer, 63.1 per cent), a friend (64.4; 57.9 per cent) or their father (52.2; 48.9 per cent). Those most likely to tell a friend were girls and older children. Children in out-of-home care and community welfare organisations were less likely to tell someone about concerning behaviour from a peer/friend than in other organisational contexts. Although organisations must train staff in supporting young people who raise concerns or make disclosures, it is vital to consider the role of parents and other young people in hearing about concerns and building their capacity to respond appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of safeguarding in grassroots football: Children and young people's perspectives","authors":"Claire Monk","doi":"10.1002/car.2829","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2021, Birmingham County Football Association (BCFA) in partnership with Newman University carried out a quantitative online review to assess coaches, volunteers, parents and young people's understanding of safeguarding information, policies and procedures in relation to football. This paper examines the findings from the children (aged 5–11) and young people (aged 12–17) using the Six Principles of Safeguarding to assess the current safeguarding measures in place to protect children and young people (CYP) playing grassroots football. The review found that whilst most CYP felt safe when playing organised football, there were some concerns raised from the young people in relation to angry parents, abuse and racism. Most children in both groupings had heard of the term safeguarding, but fewer had heard of the term welfare, and struggled to explain what welfare meant. A key finding and concern is that many CYP are not aware of the role of the Club Welfare Officer at their football club or that this might be someone to whom they can disclose issues concerning them. Furthermore, it became evident that further research, awareness raising and implementation of listening to and acting on children's voices needs to be fully embedded into safeguarding practice in children and young people's organised football.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43300393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friends, peers and safeguarding","authors":"Carlene Firmin,&nbsp;Christine Barter,&nbsp;Autumn Roesch-Marsh","doi":"10.1002/car.2826","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2826","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Friendship, and wider peer relationships, contribute to young people's sense of safety and wellbeing (Blakemore, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Cossar et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Foshee et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Roesch-Marsh &amp; Emond, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Moreover, during adolescence the significance and influence of young people's peer relationships have been found to intensify in many countries around the world (Blakemore, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Coleman, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Nevertheless, recognising this has failed to ensure that child protection or wider safeguarding systems and interventions take account of young people's friendships or wider peer relationships when supporting those affected by violence and abuse. On the contrary there is evidence that many social work responses disregard peers, while centring family relationships, in their efforts to safeguard young people (Bracewell et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Firmin, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Johnson, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Rogowski, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Such an absence is notable given the role of friendship, and wider peer relationships, in young people's exposure to risk as well as protection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiple studies have found that young people are more, or as likely, to disclose concerns about abuse to their peers than their parents or other adults (Allnock &amp; Atkinson, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Barter, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Brennan &amp; McElvaney, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Cossar et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). More broadly, positive attitudes can be reinforced through peer relationships. Peer influence can support pro-social behaviours and beliefs, such as healthy living (e.g. healthy eating and avoiding drugs and alcohol), equality, anti-discrimination and ambition (Laursen, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Veenstra et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). In recognition of this, prevention programmes aimed at reducing rates of bullying, intimate partner violence and sexual harassment in schools have commonly sought to create opportunities for ‘bystander’ interventions, peer mentoring and buddying schemes, in which supportive and protective peer cultures are utilised and nurtured (Banyard et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Foshee et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Peer relationships also provide wider opportunities and contexts for pro-social activities and skill-building (Ramey et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Veenstra et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, as already identified, peers can also be a source of harm. These harms can be perpetrated on and offline and can include a wide range of activities such as bullying, criminal and sexual exploitation and physical and sexual abuse. Peer victimisation is reported to be global problem impacting the welfare of significant numbers of young people around the world (UNICEF, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). In the year ending March 2018 the crime survey for England and Wales estimated that 4.4 per cent of children aged 10 to 15 years (423,000) had been a victim of violent crime in the previous 12","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43850498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, views and experiences of fathers toward child sexual abuse: A mixed-method study","authors":"Vildan Apaydin Cirik,&nbsp;Elif Bulut,&nbsp;Bahar Aksoy","doi":"10.1002/car.2824","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2824","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to evaluate (i) the knowledge levels and attitudes of fathers toward child sexual abuse (CSA), (ii) factors influencing their knowledge and attitudes, and (iii) views on the CSA, using a sequential exploratory mixed method and a cross-sectional and phenomenological approach. The quantitative stage was conducted with the fathers of 258 children in a public primary school in Turkey between June and August 2021. In the qualitative stage, data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 14 fathers between October 2021 and January 2022 using a sociodemographic form, the CSA Knowledge/Attitude Scale (CSAKAS) and a semi-structured interview form. The mean total CSAKAS score was 129.51 ± 20.23. CSAKAS total scores were found to be higher in those with bachelor's or higher education degrees (F = 3.374, p = 0.019), background knowledge of CSA (t = 4.291, p &lt; 0.001), receiving information about protecting their child from sexual abuse (t = 3.633, p &lt; 0.001) and having a higher level of communication with their children (r = 0.422, p &lt; 0.001). In the analysis of the qualitative data, three main themes emerged: the emotional conceptualization of CSA, potential drivers of CSA and protectors against CSA. According to the results, fathers do not take responsibility for CSA, so it is recommended to plan educational programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective power of friendship, advocacy and activism: A short report on the experiences of Who Cares? members and allies","authors":"Autumn Roesch-Marsh,&nbsp;Marissa Roxburgh,&nbsp;Thomas Bartlett,&nbsp;Donna Nicholas","doi":"10.1002/car.2823","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2823","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Friendship is valued by most children and young people around the world. In research on happiness, it is often identified as an essential ingredient for a happy life. In this short report we go further by exploring the importance of friendship as an ingredient in advocacy and activism. The report is written by two care experienced young people and two adult allies. The report explores how friendship makes advocacy and activism more possible and more powerful. Drawing on our reflections and personal experiences we discuss how having a space to make friends with others who have care experience and allies, and working together to effect change around policy and practice, has a protective impact on those working for change and those they support. These friendships are protective in practical and emotional ways, but they are also protective because they help hope to grow. We argue that the protective power of friendship, advocacy and activism should be more widely recognised as an important function of advocacy organisations like Who Cares? Scotland.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49166405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's Human Rights to ‘Participation’ and ‘Protection’: Rethinking the relationship using Barnahus as a case example","authors":"Mary Mitchell,&nbsp;Laura Lundy,&nbsp;Louise Hill","doi":"10.1002/car.2820","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2820","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The relationship between children's human rights to protection and to what is commonly referred to as ‘participation’ has received significant attention, with many scholars critiquing the purported tension between the two approaches and demonstrating how child participation should be a core feature of child protection. Less attention has been paid to the converse and, we argue, essential precursor of participatory protection practice – the significance of the child's right to be protected from harm as a means to ensuring successful child participation. Drawing on the example of the multidisciplinary Barnahus model, this article explores the multifaceted relationship between participation and protection, suggesting that there needs to be greater acknowledgement of the role of collective child participation in delivering the conditions where individual children who have witnessed or experienced violence feel and are safe to express themselves.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between adverse childhood experiences and non-parental care placement among head start-eligible low-income children","authors":"Kyunghee Lee","doi":"10.1002/car.2822","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2822","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study is to determine if adverse childhood experience (ACE) is a predictor for non-parental care status based on the Head Start Impact Study data. ACEs consisted of parental alcohol/drug use, depression, neglectful parenting practices, family violence and single parenthood. Children's non-parental care status was based on whether children lived in a placement away from their biological parents. This study examined (i) if each of the ACEs have any association with the status of non-parental care and (ii) if the cumulative number of ACEs have any impact on these associations. Each of the ACEs was associated with the likelihood of children living apart from their biological parents except parental alcohol/drug abuse. As children's ACE scores increased, so did the likelihood of them being in non-parental care. Children whose mothers had less than a high school education, those speaking English at home and children living in rural areas were more likely to be in non-parental care, whereas recently immigrated families were less likely to be in non-parental care. ACEs screening and family-focused trauma-informed care should be implemented within early childcare and education programs, such as Head Start, to ensure wellbeing among young at-risk children with ACEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43041731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘From their own words’: A co-produced study interpreting children and young people's experiences of emotional abuse and neglect expressed in anonymous, online peer-peer message forums","authors":"Vanessa Bennett,&nbsp;Chloe Gill,&nbsp;Pam Miller,&nbsp;Clara Sayers,&nbsp;NeurOX YPAG members,&nbsp;Jane V. Appleton","doi":"10.1002/car.2818","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2818","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This naturalistic study researched online help-seeking conversations between children and young people (CYP) experiencing emotional abuse and/or neglect and their peers. We believe this is the first study internationally to perform such research. Engagement with anonymous, online communities potentially offer children a source of knowledge and a platform to express and understand their experiences with peers on their own terms, using their own words. This study, co-produced with 10 young co-researchers (YCoR) (aged 14–18 years), aimed to explore the experiences, psychological characteristics and interactions of CYP engaging with an online peer-peer message board service to explore theoretical and methodological approaches to examine such ‘real world’ data and inform service evaluation. Incorporating contextualised interpretations by the YCoR, a phenomenological approach explored how the experiences of abuse were constructed and questioned by CYP in online texts, and what motivates help-seeking. Findings detail the context of CYPs emotionally abusive or neglectful experiences, their language, disclosed mental health challenges, explicit and inferred help-seeking motivations. The co-produced methodology facilitated a nuanced interpretation of CYPs' experiences to convey the impacts of emotional abuse and neglect disclosed in this anonymous environment. Validation with YCoR with diverse experiences would facilitate further translation of findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41752142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharyngeal trauma: When to suspect physical abuse","authors":"Sarah Passmore,&nbsp;Sophia Grant,&nbsp;Reena Isaac,&nbsp;Amy D. Hendrix-Dicken","doi":"10.1002/car.2819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Paediatric pharyngeal trauma is common and frequently occurs after falls or other accidents. Children with these injuries typically present to emergency departments with drooling, respiratory distress, stridor and hematemesis. Although most cases of pharyngeal trauma are minor, some can have rare, life-threatening complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma-informed care in childcare organisations to support children exposed to child maltreatment: Joint conclusions of four European countries","authors":"Serafine Dierickx,&nbsp;Elisa Bisagno,&nbsp;Dóra Varga-Sabján,&nbsp;Dorottya Morva,&nbsp;Zane Linde-Ozola,&nbsp;Noémi László,&nbsp;Alessia Cadamuro,&nbsp;Dima Bou Mosleh,&nbsp;Mónika Rózsa,&nbsp;Giovanna Laura De Fazio,&nbsp;Andrea Gruber,&nbsp;Annija Kandāte,&nbsp;Johanna M. C. Blom,&nbsp;Dorien Wuyts","doi":"10.1002/car.2821","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2821","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trauma-informed care is emerging as a promising good practice to recognise, treat and prevent trauma in young children. The use of trauma-informed care in childcare organisations might have a positive impact on children who suffer from child maltreatment. The current study organised desk research and focus group discussions with professional experts in Latvia, Italy, Hungary and Belgium to assess if trauma-informed care is known, applied or taught. The joint conclusions of the desk research and the focus group discussions demonstrated that childcare professionals currently lack the knowledge, skills and attitude to engage in trauma-informed care. Even though they have ways to prevent and tackle trauma, these ways are often based on gut feeling or experience and are not formalised or explicitly addressed. This lack of conscious knowhow is an issue that possibly leads to underreporting of situations of child maltreatment and a lack of attuned responses to children suffering from child maltreatment. Overall, there were no training initiatives focused on trauma-informed care for childcare professionals, which might explain why these good practices do not reach the sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41759070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}