Child Abuse Review最新文献

{"title":"A current view on the neglected topic of male child sexual abuse in the context of literature","authors":"Seda Aybuke Sari,&nbsp;Oznur Bilac,&nbsp;Tilbe Erten Almak,&nbsp;Celal Butun","doi":"10.1002/car.2839","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2839","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the growing numbers, awareness and reporting rates of male child sexual abuse (MCSA) are still well below the real values, especially in developing countries like Turkey. We examined MCSA to determine the predisposing factors, the characteristics of perpetrators and victims, and the consequences of sexual abuse in a Turkish sample. We retrospectively analysed the files and forensic reports of 51 MCSA victims aged between 6 and 18. The mean age of children was 13.6 ± 3.8 years, and the mean age at the time of abuse was 11.1 ± 3.52. The average exposure time for sexual abuse was 91 ± 226.8 days, and the frequency was 2.4 ± 2.47 times. 17.6 per cent of them had previously been sexually abused. Disclosure times until legal notification was 240.1 ± 552.25 days. Most (56.9 per cent) had suffered anal penetration, developed post traumatic stress disorder, and needed medical treatment. Most perpetrators (58.8 per cent) were strangers outside the family, reaching the children from the neighbourhood. In conclusion, although the number of our sample is limited, the results of our study will contribute valuably to the literature, given that there are few studies on MCSA. Further studies with large samples evaluating MCSA in multidimensional ways are needed to raise awareness and protect vulnerable children.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45099151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child abuse and neglect: Forensic issues in evidence impact and management, By India Bryce, Yolande Robinson, Wayne Petherick (Eds.), London: Elsevier Academic Press. 2019. pp. 485. $87.50. ISBN: 9780128153444","authors":"Yahya Aktu","doi":"10.1002/car.2840","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2840","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health nurses' assessment of the background factors of familicide","authors":"Marianne Ellilä,&nbsp;Eija Paavilainen,&nbsp;Anna Liisa Aho","doi":"10.1002/car.2838","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2838","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this study was to describe public health nurses' assessment of the background factors of familicide, factors that promote or prevent identification of these factors and familicide-related education. The researchers sought to provide information that would help public health nurses recognise and prevent family tragedies as well as the development of education. Public health nurses (<i>n</i> = 85) working at clinics in Finland were surveyed using an electronic questionnaire. The quantitative data was described through statistics and open questions were analysed using inductive content analysis. Approximately one-third (33 per cent) of the nurses considered their ability to identify the background factors of familicide as very poor or poor, and most (87 per cent) felt that they needed additional training. The identification of background factors is hindered by a lack of both resources and multiprofessionalism, fragmentation of care conditions, fear, cultural challenges, and education inadequacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The regulation of child pornography in China and the United States: A comparative review of laws","authors":"Shuhuan Zhou","doi":"10.1002/car.2828","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2828","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grounded in comparative law research, this paper compares differences in the regulation of online child pornography in China and the United States. The United States began regulating child pornography through criminal law in the 1970s, gradually refining the laws to distinguish between child pornography and obscenity and prohibit the possession of child pornography and virtual child pornography. In contrast, China treats child pornography on an equal footing with adult pornography, but imposes more lenient penalties on disseminating child pornography, which has led to the proliferation of child pornography. By comparing the two countries' policies and laws on child pornography, this review makes four recommendations for other countries: (i) define child pornography in criminal law; (ii) distinguish between obscenity and child pornography; (iii) prohibit virtual child pornography on the internet; and (iv) increase criminal penalties for child pornography.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45526361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qatari mothers’ beliefs in child disciplinary methods and their reported use: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Madeeha Kamal,&nbsp;Samer Ali,&nbsp;Soha Dargham,&nbsp;Ziyad Mahfoud,&nbsp;Margaret A. Lynch,&nbsp;Marcellina Mian","doi":"10.1002/car.2831","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2831","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Violent child discipline is a widespread phenomenon that can have devastating short- and long-term consequences for an individual's physical, mental and social wellbeing. Parents' beliefs and expressed ideas about child discipline, both violent and non-violent, can differ from their practice. This study identifies which disciplinary methods Qatari mothers believe to be the most successful in changing their child's behaviour and compares them to the ones they report actually using. Using a cross-sectional design, a representative sample of Qatari mothers completed an anonymous standardised questionnaire, the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool for Parents. The majority (96.9 per cent) of Qatari mothers reported believing in non-violent disciplinary methods (NVDMs) in changing their child's behaviour and those believing only in such methods are more likely to use only them compared to those mothers believing in a mixture of methods (30.9 vs. 6.7 per cent, chi-squared value [𝜒²] = 83.5, <i>P</i> value &lt;0.001). Still, 44.9 and 5.2 per cent of Qatari mothers believing in only NVDMs also used at least one moderate and one severe physical method, respectively. Much public education is needed to increase Qatari mothers' awareness in of the benefits of NVDMs, to foster a belief in their efficacy and to support using them.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study of the perspectives of designated safeguarding leads responding to child protection concerns in fee-paying schools","authors":"Claudia Bernard,&nbsp;Tom Greenwood,&nbsp;Tom Henri","doi":"10.1002/car.2830","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2830","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the experiences and perspectives of designated safeguarding leads (DSL) in fee-paying schools to better understand how they engage affluent parents when there are safeguarding and child protection concerns. The research employed a roundtable data gathering methodology, with 33 DSLs from a range of fee-paying schools in southern England participating in the study. A primary objective of the research was to understand the factors that influence how DSLs in fee-paying schools engage parents from affluent backgrounds. The findings showed that a major concern is that affluent parents are adept at using their power and privilege to avoid statutory interventions, which meant that the DSLs' safeguarding role was often fraught with difficulties. This article addresses factors that enable or hinder DSLs' conversations with affluent parents and offers some critical reflections on the challenges posed for their duty to safeguard the children in their care. For the purpose of this article, three key themes will be addressed: the interpretation of harm thresholds; communication issues; and mental health issues. Overall, the analysis contributes to a greater understanding of how DSLs in fee-paying schools navigate their engagement with parents when familial risks are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45665609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Big brothers and sisters have my back’: Benefits and risks of befriending older peers as a strategy to deal with school bullying","authors":"Yan Zhu","doi":"10.1002/car.2827","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2827","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Befriending ‘brothers’ and ‘sisters’ from older year groups was a strategy used by children to gain protection against being bullied by same-age peers at school, especially in contexts, such as Chinese rural boarding schools, where children spend a long time with peers under limited adult supervision. However, it is alarming that such close connections with older children, in some cases, could give children a feeling of having power over their same-age peers, leading them to engage in bullying. In addition, since the roles as the provider and receiver of protection could cause an unbalanced power between the older ones and younger ones, younger children might have to experience a ‘dark’ side of such cross-age peer relationships, such as exploitation, in some cases. Such experiences could be further strengthened by the Chinese values of ‘giving’ and ‘gaining’ in relationships. Therefore, based on an ethnographic study in a rural primary boarding school in China, this article argues that befriending older peers could contribute to increasing the safety of children at school. However, it is also necessary to be aware of potential risks associated with such peer relationships, because of the unbalanced power relation amongst children caused by age.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friends and safeguarding: Young people's views about safety and to whom they would share safety concerns","authors":"Douglas H. Russell,&nbsp;Daryl J. Higgins","doi":"10.1002/car.2825","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Child sexual abuse prevention strategies typically focus on teaching children ‘protective behaviours’, including telling a ‘trusted adult’. However, disclosure rates are low, and we know little about who they tell. We analysed data from over 3400 young people aged 10–18. After viewing hypothetical unsafe scenarios involving either an adult or peer, participants were asked whether – and whom – they would tell someone if such a situation occurred. Most (83.9 per cent) said they would tell someone about concerns involving an adult; fewer (79.3 per cent) would tell if they encountered an unsafe situation with a peer. Across adult and peer scenarios, participants were most likely to say they would approach their mother (about concerning behaviour of an adult, 68.7 per cent; or a peer, 63.1 per cent), a friend (64.4; 57.9 per cent) or their father (52.2; 48.9 per cent). Those most likely to tell a friend were girls and older children. Children in out-of-home care and community welfare organisations were less likely to tell someone about concerning behaviour from a peer/friend than in other organisational contexts. Although organisations must train staff in supporting young people who raise concerns or make disclosures, it is vital to consider the role of parents and other young people in hearing about concerns and building their capacity to respond appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of safeguarding in grassroots football: Children and young people's perspectives","authors":"Claire Monk","doi":"10.1002/car.2829","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2829","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2021, Birmingham County Football Association (BCFA) in partnership with Newman University carried out a quantitative online review to assess coaches, volunteers, parents and young people's understanding of safeguarding information, policies and procedures in relation to football. This paper examines the findings from the children (aged 5–11) and young people (aged 12–17) using the Six Principles of Safeguarding to assess the current safeguarding measures in place to protect children and young people (CYP) playing grassroots football. The review found that whilst most CYP felt safe when playing organised football, there were some concerns raised from the young people in relation to angry parents, abuse and racism. Most children in both groupings had heard of the term safeguarding, but fewer had heard of the term welfare, and struggled to explain what welfare meant. A key finding and concern is that many CYP are not aware of the role of the Club Welfare Officer at their football club or that this might be someone to whom they can disclose issues concerning them. Furthermore, it became evident that further research, awareness raising and implementation of listening to and acting on children's voices needs to be fully embedded into safeguarding practice in children and young people's organised football.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43300393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friends, peers and safeguarding","authors":"Carlene Firmin,&nbsp;Christine Barter,&nbsp;Autumn Roesch-Marsh","doi":"10.1002/car.2826","DOIUrl":"10.1002/car.2826","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Friendship, and wider peer relationships, contribute to young people's sense of safety and wellbeing (Blakemore, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Cossar et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;; Foshee et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Roesch-Marsh &amp; Emond, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Moreover, during adolescence the significance and influence of young people's peer relationships have been found to intensify in many countries around the world (Blakemore, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Coleman, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;). Nevertheless, recognising this has failed to ensure that child protection or wider safeguarding systems and interventions take account of young people's friendships or wider peer relationships when supporting those affected by violence and abuse. On the contrary there is evidence that many social work responses disregard peers, while centring family relationships, in their efforts to safeguard young people (Bracewell et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Firmin, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Johnson, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Rogowski, &lt;span&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;). Such an absence is notable given the role of friendship, and wider peer relationships, in young people's exposure to risk as well as protection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiple studies have found that young people are more, or as likely, to disclose concerns about abuse to their peers than their parents or other adults (Allnock &amp; Atkinson, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Barter, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Brennan &amp; McElvaney, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Cossar et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). More broadly, positive attitudes can be reinforced through peer relationships. Peer influence can support pro-social behaviours and beliefs, such as healthy living (e.g. healthy eating and avoiding drugs and alcohol), equality, anti-discrimination and ambition (Laursen, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Veenstra et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). In recognition of this, prevention programmes aimed at reducing rates of bullying, intimate partner violence and sexual harassment in schools have commonly sought to create opportunities for ‘bystander’ interventions, peer mentoring and buddying schemes, in which supportive and protective peer cultures are utilised and nurtured (Banyard et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Foshee et al., &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;). Peer relationships also provide wider opportunities and contexts for pro-social activities and skill-building (Ramey et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Veenstra et al., &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, as already identified, peers can also be a source of harm. These harms can be perpetrated on and offline and can include a wide range of activities such as bullying, criminal and sexual exploitation and physical and sexual abuse. Peer victimisation is reported to be global problem impacting the welfare of significant numbers of young people around the world (UNICEF, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). In the year ending March 2018 the crime survey for England and Wales estimated that 4.4 per cent of children aged 10 to 15 years (423,000) had been a victim of violent crime in the previous 12","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43850498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}