Child Abuse Review最新文献

{"title":"Case recording in child protection: An exploration of the evidence base and good practice","authors":"Rebecca O'Keefe","doi":"10.1002/car.2894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2894","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a statutory duty for all practitioners to record information in child protection work in England. Case recording is a daily task for practitioners, yet an under-researched area of practice. This continuing professional development (CPD) paper will consider the context in which case recording takes place and highlight messages from child protection reviews and enquiries before exploring learning from contemporary research. The complexities of case recording will be considered and how practitioners can reflect upon and improve their daily case recording skills. Practitioners are encouraged to keep the child's views and experiences central and consider the long-term impact of case recording on adults who have experienced abuse and neglect in childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of incest cases in Sivas: Ten-year retrospective study","authors":"Celal Butun,&nbsp;Fatma Yucel Beyaztas,&nbsp;Seda Aybuke Sari,&nbsp;Ayla Uzun Çiçek,&nbsp;Asiye Burcu Kaya","doi":"10.1002/car.2888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2888","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although incest is generally perceived as all kinds of verbal, non-verbal, physical and visual sexual behaviour of family members and close relatives toward children, it is also a special type of sexual abuse defined as consensual sexual intercourse between close relatives or between minors who are legally prohibited from marrying. This study aimed to analyse the sociodemographic data, physical-mental examination and laboratory findings of the incest cases. Incest cases among sexual abuse and sexual assault cases sent to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital Forensic Medicine outpatient clinic for examination between 2012 and 2021 were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 23.0 program. <i>P</i>-values below 0.05 were considered significant. The records of 61 incest victims were retrospectively analysed. The cases were examined in terms of age, gender, incident, perpetrator, type of abuse, examination findings and mental status. Fifty-four (88.5%) of the incest victims were female, and the highest rate (<i>n</i> = 9, 14.8%) was 16 years old. Most of the victims were high school graduates (29%), 56% were in a nuclear family 57.4% of the assailants were family members, most of the case reports (73.8%) were made by the victim herself/himself, and the most common place of incident (70.3%) was the victim's home. In this study, the clinical, social and forensic outcomes of incest cases, which have many causes and tragic consequences, were investigated, and it was aimed to contribute to the solution of the problem by discussing the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early maternal death following child removal—A short report using observational data","authors":"John Devaney,&nbsp;Caroline Bradbury-Jones,&nbsp;Amy Charles,&nbsp;Helen L. Daniel,&nbsp;Emily Dobie,&nbsp;Ellen Marks,&nbsp;Katherine Osthwaite,&nbsp;Julie Taylor","doi":"10.1002/car.2892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2892","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;There continues to be a significant and growing number of children in the care of the state in the United Kingdom (McGhee et al., &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;). Children come into state care for a variety of reasons and through a number of different legal routes. Alongside concern about the overall number and the quality of care afforded to some of these children, there are also recurring worries about the immediate and longer term outcomes for this group of children (Duncan, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; MacAllister, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). This is not the same as saying that many of these children do not need alternative care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There is a common thread of children having experienced a range of adversities, including maltreatment, parental mental ill-health, loss, and poverty, which shape their pre- and in-care experiences, and impact on their social and emotional well-being (Baldwin et al., 2019). While the above issues have been widely researched, there is, however, less information known about the outcomes for children's parents once the child comes into care.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Over the past decade in the United Kingdom, there has been a growing recognition that some parents, and in particular mothers, experience recurrent removals (Broadhurst &amp; Mason, &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). Research conducted in the United Kingdom and Australia suggests that approximately 20% of women who experience child removal experience repeat court-ordered removals (Broadhurst &amp; Mason, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;; Hinton, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;). In the United Kingdom, this pattern of repeated removals has resulted in the development of services to offer support to address the immediate and successive impacts of such cumulative experiences (Broadhurst et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Services recognise that birth mothers have been largely offered a reduced level of intervention from children's services (and other sources) once children are removed from their care. This is in spite of the evidence that highlights that childhood adversity resulting in admission to care is often linked to unresolved parental experiences of adversity in their own childhood (Narayan et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), manifesting in trauma symptomatology and behaviours associated with maladaptive coping mechanisms, such as problematic use of prescribed and illicit drugs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As such, new approaches to working with mothers seek to offer an intensive rehabilitative response to parents following removal to address the underlying causes of why children needed to be removed, and through addressing the needs of mothers that merges emotional and practical trauma-informed support. As some of these services have been operating for nearly a decade, they have built up both expertise and a significant dataset based on the parents they have worked with. Such services have started to build a picture of the enduring impact on parents of the removal of children into care, as well as existing vulnerabilities prior to removal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper sets out a coll","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of parents' attitudes towards children's use of communication technologies and school climate in coping with cyberbullying among high school students in Turkey","authors":"Beyza Yılmaz,&nbsp;Selin Nur Aydoğan,&nbsp;Elif Koçyiğit","doi":"10.1002/car.2890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, cyberbullying is discussed through the school–family–child triangle. The research was conducted to examine how high school students' coping levels with cyberbullying are affected by the school climate and their parents' attitudes towards children's use of information and communication technologies. The research, which was conducted with both parents and students, was carried out with a quantitative method, survey model, and relational design. The data collection tool prepared for students consists of the sociodemographic information questionnaire, the Coping with Cyberbullying Scale and the School Climate Scale. The data collection tool prepared for parents consists of the sociodemographic information questionnaire and the Parents' Attitudes Towards Children's Use of Information Communication Technologies Scale. Four hundred fifty students in the 9–11th grades and 203 parents studying in two public high schools in Çankaya district of Ankara province were reached. The answers given by the students and their parents to the questionnaires were analysed separately and by matching the parent and student questionnaires of the students whose parents also filled out the questionnaire. Of the students, 82.4% had encountered cyberbullying. Girls have higher coping skills with cyberbullying than boys (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Parents' control and restrictions on their children's technology use were found to be high.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adverse childhood experiences—International questionnaire in clinical and at-risk samples worldwide: A systematic review (part II)","authors":"Cecilia Serena Pace,&nbsp;Stefania Muzi,&nbsp;Guyonne Rogier,&nbsp;Elena Ballestracci,&nbsp;Ginevra Mazzola","doi":"10.1002/car.2883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2883","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This systematic review aimed to (1) synthesize average means and prevalence rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) measured by the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) in clinical and at-risk samples; (2) discuss the ACE-IQ prevalence and means according to participants' gender, age (both adults and &lt;18 years old), and geographic area; (3) map relationships between ACE-IQ scores and other outcomes; (4) detect methodological issues in studies. PRISMA guidelines were followed, searching studies in seven academic databases, including retrieval of grey literature. After screening, 23 studies were included. Results revealed the following: (1) several clinical (e.g., mood disorders and substance abuse) and at-risk (e.g., criminal and low-income) conditions were studied, with an average 4.93 mean and 81.74% prevalence of total ACEs; (2) there is a lack of data on males, with the prevalence of domestic violence and physical neglect being especially marked in minors, and no studies involving European and North-American at-risk samples; (3) ACE-IQ scores were mostly related to substance abuse and risk-taking behaviours; (4) major methodological issues were not-randomized/convenience sampling techniques and a lack of methodological information on sample and procedure. In conclusion, the ACE-IQ seems a promising tool in clinical/at-risk samples, but more studies are needed to answer all research questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child sexual exploitation and abuse disclosure and help-seeking: A glimpse of global South data","authors":"Mark Kavenagh,&nbsp;M. Catherine Maternowska","doi":"10.1002/car.2887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2887","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over decades, research practitioners have highlighted how survivors of sexual abuse in childhood face strong forms of stigma including victim-blaming, shame and social isolation. However, the data and evidence are disproportionately slanted towards the global North. Shifting the focus to the global South, this reflective piece draws on two substantial multicountry research projects to highlight the expectations and experiences of young survivors of child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA) in their quest for support. By applying a socio-ecological analysis, it demonstrates how societal stigma—from both professionals and young people themselves—compounds the help-seeking process. The findings support the well-documented concept that disclosing sexual violence is an ongoing—not singular—process that depends on a series of interactions at the individual, interpersonal and institutional levels of the ecosystem. Building better trauma-informed responses is likely to help; however, a focus only on services falls short, especially in countries where child protection systems struggle to thrive. A concurrent transformative shift in both social and gender norms across the ecosystem is essential to address the seemingly intractable challenges to child sexual exploitation and abuse prevention and response.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The exploitation of girls in care: An ongoing struggle for recognition","authors":"Julie Shaw,&nbsp;Jo Staines,&nbsp;Claire Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Katie Hunter","doi":"10.1002/car.2886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing upon original research data, the core task of this article is to explore some of the difficulties experienced by girls in care in England in having their exploitation recognised, along with the challenges faced by professionals from social care and criminal justice agencies in meeting their safeguarding needs. The article provides a unique insight into the ways in which the perceptions and experiences of the two groups compare with the other, as both attempts to negotiate their own set of challenges within the confines of an inadequate and under-resourced system. It considers the sense of disconnect between the needs, expectations and perceptions of care-experienced girls and the care they ultimately receive, emphasising how experiences of stigma intersect with gendered and racialised judgements, creating a situation where they are viewed as less than ‘ideal’ victims.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the training programme for nursing students on child abuse and neglect knowledge and awareness levels: A randomized controlled study","authors":"Damla Ozcevik Subasi,&nbsp;Aylin Akca Sumengen,&nbsp;Gokce Naz Cakir,&nbsp;Ayşe Ferda Ocakci","doi":"10.1002/car.2884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most studies on nursing students' awareness and knowledge of child abuse and neglect (CAN) report insufficient knowledge. However, there are limited studies evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Program (CANAP) on nursing students on their CAN knowledge and awareness levels. A randomized controlled study was conducted between 21 May and 29 June 29, with 75 students, 40 in the experimental group and 35 in the control group, studying nursing at a foundation university in Turkey. While CANAP was applied to the participants in the experimental group, no intervention was applied to those in the control group. The data were collected in three stages (before the intervention, immediately after the intervention and 1 month after the intervention) using the Personal Information Form, Diagnosis Scale of the Risks and Symptoms of Child Abuse and Neglect (DSRSCAN) and Child Abuse and Neglect Awareness Scale (CANA-S). Data were analysed using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests, independent samples <i>t</i> test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The groups were homogeneous regarding the students' sociodemographic characteristics (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In the study, the mean DSRSCAN and CANA-S scores of the groups were similar in the pre-test before CANAP but increased significantly in the post-test and re-test (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). All CANA-S re-test sub-dimension mean scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The mean scores of the experimental group in the DSRSCAN physical symptoms of abuse on the child, characteristics of parents prone to abuse and neglect, characteristics of children at risk of abuse and neglect and familial characteristics in child abuse and neglect sub-dimensions were significantly higher than the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). CANAP effectively increases nursing students' CAN knowledge and awareness levels. It was observed that the experimental group students maintained their increased knowledge and awareness 1 month after the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of demeanour to assess the credibility of child victims in sexual interference trials","authors":"Vincent Denault,&nbsp;Victoria Talwar","doi":"10.1002/car.2885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How do judges assess witness credibility? This question is particularly important in cases where child victims testify. These cases are usually of a sensitive nature (e.g., involving allegations of abuse) where there are no other testimonial or material evidence to corroborate the account of child victims. To better understand what actually happens when judges preside over trials about sexual interference, and how, in actual courtrooms, they use demeanour to assess the credibility of child victims, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of real courts judgements (<i>n</i> = 44). The results highlighted that when assessing credibility in actual courtrooms, judges make a variety of inferences from the demeanour of child victims who testify live, with striking differences (and similarities) when defendants are found not guilty than when they are found guilty. The results of our descriptive study also provided unique insights about (correct and incorrect) beliefs judges hold about child witnesses, and how, if children fail to display behaviour they are expected to display, or if they display behaviour they are not expected to display, child victims could face difficulties at several stages of the judicial process. We discuss the results based on the literature on nonverbal behaviour and child witnesses, explaining their scope for scholars and legal practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/car.2885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and smoking status in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sohrab Amiri,&nbsp;Sarvenaz Taridashti,&nbsp;Moien A. B. Khan","doi":"10.1002/car.2882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adverse childhood experiences are a factor that can have a broad impact on different dimensions of health in different eras. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and smoking in children through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, were selected for manuscript searches. These three databases were searched until July 2022. This search was limited to English. For this study, the odds ratio or risk ratio and 95% confidence interval were extracted. The odds ratio pool was performed using the random-effects method reported. An analysis was done based on the types of adverse childhood experiences and an analysis based on sex. The year of publication of the earliest and last publication included in this analysis was, respectively, 2003 and 2022. After screening the manuscripts, finally, 39 studies remained for this study. Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an increased risk of smoking in children [odds ratio 1.69; CI = 1.55–1.85; <i>z</i> = 11.80; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 92.6%]. Components of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical maltreatment and physical neglect, were associated with increased smoking. The present study showed that adverse childhood experiences provide a context that increases the possibility of smoking in children. It is necessary to pay attention to the dimensions of health and behaviour in this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":47371,"journal":{"name":"Child Abuse Review","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}