Einstein-Sao Paulo最新文献

{"title":"Neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein as biomarkers for sepsis-associated delirium: a cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Agnes Araújo Sardinha Pinto, Maira Mello de Carvalho, Juliana Bahia Santos, Rebeca Souza da Silva, Hermes Vieira Barbeiro, Luz Marina Gómez Gómez, Ian Ward Abdalla Maia, Júlio Flávio Meirelles Marchini, Flávia Barreto Garcez, Thiago Junqueira Avelino-Silva, Lucas de Moraes Soler, Matheus Menão Mochetti, Heraldo Possolo de Souza, Júlio Cesar Garcia Alencar","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1244","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, Pinto et al. identified significantly higher levels of neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein in older patients with sepsis-associated delirium in the emergency department, suggesting the potential of these biomarkers as diagnostic tools in this population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sepsis-associated delirium is a common cerebral manifestation in patients with sepsis, potentially caused by a combination of neuroinflammation and other neurophysiological disorders. This study investigated the expression of neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein as biomarkers in patients with sepsis-associated delirium. While neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein are known to be associated with brain injury, their diagnostic potential in patients with sepsis-associated delirium is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated plasma levels of neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein in patients with delirium and sepsis to explore their potential for identifying sepsis in patients admitted to the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 25 patients with delirium were analyzed, 56% of whom had sepsis. Patients with sepsis exhibited significantly higher neuron-specific enolase levels (2.7ng/mL [95%CI= 2.2-3.2] versus 1.3 ng/mL [95%CI= 0.8-2.5], p<0.003) and Tau protein levels (96.1pg/mL [95%CI= 77.0-111.3] versus 43.0pg/mL [95%CI= 31.2-84.5], p<0.003) compared to patients without sepsis. Neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein thresholds of >2.08ng/mL and >59.27pg/mL, respectively, demonstrated 90% specificity for identifying sepsis in patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neuron-specific enolase and Tau protein levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis than in those without, underscoring their potential ability to identify the infectious etiology of delirium in older patients admitted to emergency departments. Clinical Trials #RBR-233bct.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Biomarkers of brain injury, such as neuron-specific enolase and Tau proteins, are higher in older patients with sepsis and delirium.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Diagnosing sepsis in patients with delirium can be challenging.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Early identification of sepsis is key to managing sepsisassociated delirium.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAO1244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing webcam-based eye-tracking during comic reading in the classroom: a feasibility study.","authors":"Jade Antunes Nascimento, Paulo Rodrigo Bazán, Raymundo Machado de Azevedo Neto, Edilene Santos Silva, Daniela Arruda Soares, Joana Bisol Balardin, Edson Amaro Junior","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO0911","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO0911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Webcam-based eye tracking offers a practical approach for monitoring reading behavior in classroom environments. Nascimento et al. demonstrated the feasibility of using the Webcam-based eye tracking to observe comic reading patterns among children and showed that it effectively captures fixation time and reading dynamics. Despite the data quality challenges, Webcam-based eye tracking provided an accuracy comparable to that of infrared-based systems.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of webcam-based eye tracking for monitoring comic books reading behavior in a real-world classroom setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tested the feasibility of using the webcam-based eye tracking in a children's classroom experiment (n=22), observing reading patterns as students engaged with a comic strip. Qualitative quality control was implemented to exclude low-quality data. Fixation dwell time was measured to determine whether specific areas of the image received more attention. Additionally, a validation test was conducted (n=3) to assess the accuracy and precision of webcam-based eye tracking compared with an infrared-based eye-tracking system. The accuracy and precision were evaluated, with lower values indicating better performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the comic reading task, webcam-based eye tracking effectively captured fixation dwell time, showing that students read the left side significantly faster (2.916 words/s, SD=0.705) compared to the right side (1.962 words/s, SD=0.450, p≤0.001). The validation test showed that webcam-based eye tracking had an average accuracy of 11.581% and a precision of 3.058%, whereas the infrared-based system recorded an accuracy of 11.290% and a precision of 1.264%. Although webcam-based eye tracking demonstrated a slightly lower precision (bias=-1.794, 95%CI=-3.055 to -0.532), no significant difference was observed in accuracy between the two systems.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Webcam-based eye tracking demonstrated feasibility for monitoring reading behavior in classrooms.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Webcam-based eye tracking captured fixation times, showing differing reading speeds across comic sections.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Webcam-based eye tracking showed accuracy comparable to infrared-based systems, despite lower precision.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>■ Limitations resulting in data loss underscore the need for methodological improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAO0911"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phacoviscocanalostomy versus phacotrabeculectomy to treat glaucoma associated with cataracts: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Dillan Cunha Amaral, Mário Luiz Ribeiro Monteiro, Denisse J Mora-Paez, Ana Luiza Machado Ribeiro Pimentel, Matheus Mizerani Fernandes de Almeida, Jacqueline L Chen, Raíza Jacometti, Milton Ruiz Alves, Jaime Guedes, Ricardo Noguera Louzada","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1045","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effectiveness and safety of phacoviscocanalostomy and phacotrabeculectomy in treating combined glaucoma and cataracts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials or observational studies comparing phacotrabeculectomy to phacoviscocanalostomy in patients with glaucoma and cataracts. Statistical analysis was used to compare the efficacy (intraocular pressure reduction, mean deviation of the visual field, and failure rates) and safety (general complication rate and rates of hyphema, hypotony, perforation, and intraocular pressure spikes) between the two procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 331 eyes from one randomized controlled trial and two non-randomized controlled trials, with 154 undergoing phacoviscocanalostomy and 177 undergoing phacotrabeculectomy. The results indicated no significant differences in surgical failure rates, mean deviation of the visual field, and intraocular pressure at one, three, six, and twelve months between the phacoviscocanalostomy and phacotrabeculectomy groups. Furthermore, although the overall complication rate between the two procedures showed no difference, the rate of intraocular pressure spikes was higher in patients who underwent phacoviscocanalostomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phacotrabeculectomy and phacoviscocanalostomy are effective treatments for glaucoma and cataracts.Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under ID CRD42024502391.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eRW1045"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is self-perception of cardiac symptoms related to the psychological profile of patients? A cross-sectional study of individuals undergoing 24-hour Holter monitoring.","authors":"Renata Lima Giolo, Guilherme Fenelon, Marcelo Franken, Marcelo Katz","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO0742","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO0742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression, anxiety, distress and Type D personality traits have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Mental health status is associated with arrhythmic events. Esler and Lampert reported that anxiety and distress contribute to the occurrence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. ■ Self-reported cardiac symptoms not associated with arrhythmias. ■ High prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. ■ Anxiety was correlated with self-reported cardiac symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the presence of psychological characteristics and their association with self-reported cardiac symptoms in individuals undergoing 24-hour Holter monitoring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational cross-sectional study included 304 individuals who consecutively underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring. Clinical, demographic, and electrocardiographic data were collected. Psycho-behavioral characteristics were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Type D Scale. Logistic regression models were employed to examine associations between cardiac symptoms and anxiety, depression, distress, and Type D personality traits. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety, depression, distress, and type D personality traits were observed in 42.7%, 15.1%, 26.3%, and 19% of the participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the perception of cardiac symptoms and both mild anxiety (odds ratio (OR) = 2.305, 95%CI= 1.098-4.841, p=0.027) and severe anxiety (OR = 9.245, 95%CI= 1.582-54.013, p=0.014) scores. No significant association was found between depression, distress, or Type D personality traits and an increased perception of cardiac symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high prevalence of anxiety was observed among individuals undergoing 24-hour Holter recording. Anxiety was significantly associated with self-reported cardiac symptoms, though not with the presence of arrhythmias. The findings could have practical implications for clinical practice. The study suggests that patients reporting anxious palpitations should receive a more thorough cardiological assessment, with 24-hour Holter monitoring serving as an effective tool for this evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAO0742"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review.","authors":"Julia Stoeterau Moré, Daniel Rodrigo Serbena, Luiz Gustavo Gusson de Camargo, Pedro Augusto Clemente, Fernando Sluchensci Dos Santos, Juliana Sartori Bonini","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1119","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child immunization plays a critical role in preventing numerous diseases. However, the COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems globally, including routine child vaccination programs.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide an overview of the reduction in vaccine coverage among infants and children during the pandemic and analyze the potential impacts of decreased child immunization during this period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted using the MeSH terms \"Child,\" \"Vaccination\", and \"COVID-19,\" along with their synonyms. Systematic reviews published between March 11, 2020, and June 1, 2023, in Portuguese or English were included. Databases searched included PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Embase, and Scopus. Two blinded independent reviewers performed the selection process, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. The AMSTAR-II tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,534 eligible articles, only 13 addressed the pandemic's impact on children's vaccination coverage. Most studies involved multiple countries and reported a significant decrease in children's vaccination coverage due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings were heterogeneous but consistently highlighted the substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccination coverage in most countries. Further research is needed to explore the epidemiological consequences of disruptions to vaccination schedules, potentially guiding public policies and raising awareness about the importance of adhering to health protection programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eRW1119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong intervention on anxiety and stress in diabetic and hypertensive Brazilian patients: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Laís Renata Almeida Cezário Santos, Anderson Taíra, Rosana de Fátima Possobon, Marcelo de Castro Meneghim, Chien-Lin Su, Paola Lavin, Soham Rej, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Karine Laura Cortellazzi","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1076","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the effects of Tai Chi/Qigong practice over 13 weeks on anxiety and perceived stress levels in middle-aged or older Brazilian hypertensive and diabetic individuals assisted in a primary healthcare setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-one patients with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension diagnosed and followed up at a primary care center were randomized to the Tai Chi/Qigong intervention (n = 45) or waitlist (n = 46) group for 13 weeks. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and at 6 and 13 weeks for anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale - PSS14). The primary endpoint of the study was 13 weeks. We used a linear mixed-effects model to analyze the primary and secondary outcomes, considering the treatment group and time as covariates and treating the subject as a random effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the included 91 participants, 53 completed the 6-week assessment, and 42 completed the 13-week assessment. After 13 weeks, the Tai Chi/Qigong Group had lower scores for anxiety (STAI Estimate = -6.421; SD = 2.679; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = [-11.615,-1.224]; p = 0.018) and stress (PSS14 Estimate = -9.290; SD= 2.262; 95%CI= [-13.678,-4.906]; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 13-week Tai Chi/Qigong intervention was efficacious in lowering anxiety and perceived stress scores in middle-aged and older patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension and can potentially be used in primary care centers as an adjunct therapy.Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), Identifier: U1111-1276-1787.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAO1076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of mortality due to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in public and private intensive care units in Brazil: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Thiago Domingos Corrêa, Thais Dias Midega, Ricardo Kenji Nawa, Ricardo Luiz Cordioli, Adriano José Pereira, Moacyr Silva Júnior, Bruno de Arruda Bravim, Niklas Soderberg Campos, Amanda Pascoal Valle Felicio, Angelo Antônio Gomes de Carvalho, Andreia Pardini, Raquel Afonso Caserta Eid, Rodrigo Dias Rodrigues, Marcele Liliane Pesavento, Leonardo Van de Wiel Barros Urbano Andari, Bento Fortunato Cardoso Dos Santos, Claudia Regina Laselva, Felipe Maia de Toledo Piza, Miguel Cendoroglo Neto, Guilherme de Paula Pinto Schettino, Sidney Klajner, Leonardo José Rolim Ferraz","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1060","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1060","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective multicenter cohort study compared characteristics and outcomes of 5,790 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Brazil's public and private intensive care units. Patients in public intensive care units exhibited greater disease severity, more frequent use of organ support, and higher mortality rates compared to those in private intensive care units. The risk of in-hospital death was more than twice as high in public intensive care units. ■ Public intensive care unit COVID-19 patients presented with more comorbidities and higher severity at admission. ■ Public intensive care units required more invasive organ support (e.g., mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy) but less non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula than private intensive care units. ■ In-hospital mortality was higher in public intensive care units, with an increased risk of death even after adjusting for patient characteristics and illness severity at intensive care unit admission.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare the clinical characteristics, use of organ support, and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 admitted to public and private intensive care units.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients admitted to four intensive care units from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to public and private intensive care units were compared. The primary outcome of interest, in-hospital mortality, was assessed using a hierarchical logistic regression (multilevel) model adjusted for study site and patient characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 5,790 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the participating intensive care units, with 3,321 (57.3%) admitted to private hospitals and 2,469 (42.6%) admitted to public hospitals. Patients in public intensive care units were less likely to be male and had higher median SAPS III scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index values, and SOFA scores. They also required mechanical ventilation (53.1% versus 40.0%, p&lt;0.001), vasopressors (43.1% versus 33.9%, p&lt;0.001), and renal replacement therapy (20.3% versus. 14.5%, p&lt;0.001) more frequently than those in private intensive care units. In contrast, patients in private intensive care units were more frequently managed with non-invasive ventilation (38.0% versus 66.8%; p&lt;0.001) and high-flow nasal cannulas (18.3% versus 48.1%; p&lt;0.001). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in public intensive care units (40.3%) compared to private intensive care units (16.4%) (adjusted OR=2.96; 95%CI=1.94-4.51; p&lt;0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We observed significant differences in resource utilization and mortality rates between patients with COVID-19 admitted to public and private intensive care units. Patients with COVID-19 in public care units face a higher risk of in-hospital morta","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 spe1","pages":"eAO1060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11999376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 3'-sialyllactose, saliva, and colostrum on Candida albicans biofilms.","authors":"Juliana Barbosa Faria, Marcela Beraldo Santiago, Paula Hueb Menezes de Oliveira, Vinicius Rangel Geraldo-Martins, Ruchele Dias Nogueira","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO0663","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO0663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faria et al. evaluated the initial adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro in the presence of saliva, human colostrum, and 3'-sialyllactose. Colostrum applied either before or after inoculation with saliva did not differ from that of the control biofilms (p<0.05). In contrast, colostrum applied during C. albicans inoculation resulted in a higher biomass than the control (p<0.05). Saliva without colostrum decreased the biofilm biomass (p<0.05), and the application of 3'- sialyllactose reduced biofilm formation regardless of the timing of application (p<0.05). Candidiasis can present as localized or systemic infections. Disseminated infections in newborns and adults can be life-threatening, with high mortality and morbidity rates (40-60%), and rank as the fourth most common type of nosocomial infection. Oral candidiasis is a local condition affecting 10-15% of children in their first months of life. Saliva and 3'-sialyllactose can disrupt the initial development of Candida albicans biofilm. The effect of colostrum needs to be elucidated because it may hinder initial adhesion but promote fungal proliferation after application.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of saliva, human colostrum, and 3'-sialyllactose on the initial adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Colostrum and saliva samples were collected from 30 postpartum mothers and newborns, respectively. An 18h culture of C. albicans was treated with colostrum, 3'-sialyllactose, saliva, or a combination of colostrum and saliva at three different time points: before, during, and 24h after C. albicans inoculation. Biofilm assays were conducted in sterile 96-well flat-bottom microtiter plates for 24h. Biofilms were fixed, washed, stained with crystal violet, and extracted. Absorbance was measured to evaluate biofilm biomass.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined application of colostrum and saliva before and after microbial inoculation did not differ from the control biofilms (p<0.05). In contrast, the combined application of colostrum and saliva during C. albicans application resulted in a higher biomass than the control (p<0.05). Saliva alone decreased the biofilm biomass (p<0.05), and the application of 3'-sialyllactose reduced biofilm formation regardless of the timing of application (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Saliva contributed to the proliferation of biofilms, while colostrum did not prevent initial adhesion but influenced biofilm accumulation and development. In contrast, 3'-sialyllactose significantly decreased biofilm formation at all application times. These findings underscore the importance of colostrum as a potent oral antimicrobial biofluid.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAO0663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are changes in physical activity associated with depression? A follow-up study of 1,950 individuals.","authors":"Luana de Lima Queiroga, Oskar Grau Kaufmann, Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias, Carlos André Minanni, Rafael Mathias Pitta, Nelson Wolosker","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1128","DOIUrl":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AO1128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the association between changes in physical activity and depression among 1,950 Brazilians. Individuals who increased their physical activity and those who decreased it were not associated with reduced depression. Conversely, being consistently active was identified as an independent and significant protective factor against depression in this population. ■ Persistently active individuals have strong independent protective factors against depression. ■ BMI (kg/m) is an independent risk factor for depression. ■ Individuals with depression at follow-up were older than those without depression. ■ Perceived stress is a strong independent risk factor for depression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between changes in physical activity and depression in 1,950 Brazilians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This follow-up study included 1,950 Brazilians, aged ≥18 years, of both sexes, who participated in a health screening initiative between 2008 and 2022. Physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up, and groups related to changes in physical activity were created. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Clinical data and behavioral profiles were also analyzed. Comparative and logistic regression models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multivariate analysis demonstrated that persistently active individuals had reduced depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.70, 95%CI= 0.55-0.91, p=0.006). Individuals who became active and those who became less active were not associated with a reduction in depression (respectively, OR= 0.81, 95%CI= 0.63-1.05, p=0.109 and OR= 1.11, 95%CI= 0.82-1.51, p=0.481).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistent activity was an independent, strong protective factor against depression in 1,950 Brazilians. Furthermore, becoming active or less active was not associated with depression in the same population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAO1128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicone gel migration masquerading as metastatic breast cancer.","authors":"Felipe Magaldi de Carvalho, Leandro Jonata Carvalho Oliveira, Carlos Shimizu, Felipe de Galiza Barbosa, Leonardo de Abreu Testagrossa, Max Senna Mano","doi":"10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AI1493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2025AI1493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47359,"journal":{"name":"Einstein-Sao Paulo","volume":"23 ","pages":"eAI1493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}