Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Examining tobacco-control enforcement in Ireland 2014-2023: an observational study.","authors":"F Houghton, J Lombard","doi":"10.1177/17579139251371974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Smoking continues to pose a significant threat to health and well-being in Ireland. However, concerns have been raised about the enforcement of public health legislation in Ireland. The WHO has noted that enforcement of tobacco-control legislation is a vital factor in reducing tobacco-related harm. This research therefore sought to explore convictions, penalties, and associated costs imposed in the period 2014-2023 under various sections of the <i>Public Health (Tobacco) Act 2002</i> as amended.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This article is based on secondary descriptive statistical analysis of tobacco conviction data released annually by the Health Service Executive's (HSE) National Environmental Health Service.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 1900 inspections annually identify evidence of non-compliance with tobacco-control legislation. Convictions for non-compliance are rare, with 1.12% of instances of non-compliance resulting in a conviction. In total, 93.1% of fines and 85.5% of costs charged were for sums of €1500 or less. Convictions under the tobacco-control legislation resulting in a 1-day ban or less on tobacco sales occurred in 56.9% of convictions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The penalties imposed, which are at judicial discretion, are routinely far below the maximum possible under the Acts. The introduction of fixed penalty notices is recommended, as well as the re-introduction of minimum periods of removal from the Tobacco Retail Register to prohibit tobacco sales. The low level of enforcement and minimal penalties imposed undermine tobacco control in Ireland.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251371974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of early childhood psychosocial interventions following extreme weather events in low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"T N Akhtar, N Maiorano, A Cosma, K Hadfield","doi":"10.1177/17579139251371589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>As a result of climate change, extreme weather events have increased in frequency, representing one of the most pressing concerns to physical and mental health globally, especially for children. Research suggests that extreme weather events uniquely and adversely affect children in low- and middle-income countries due to developmental and contextual factors. Given the advantages of early intervention, it is critical to aggregate and evaluate current interventions to support this population. This review aims to synthesise evidence on the impact of interventions targeting the development, mental health or wellbeing in early childhood (ages 0-8 years) following extreme weather events in low- and middle-income countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42023479342). Literature available on seven scientific databases (PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, ERIC, and Cochrane) until February 2024 were reviewed and 744 articles were identified. A grey literature search via Google Scholar, ProQuest, and international agency websites (e.g. Oxfam, UNICEF, Save the Children) identified an additional 48 sources for screening. None of the sources met the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current review is an empty review with no interventions included.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The lack of eligible publications within this review indicates an absence of evaluations of interventions in early childhood that may support a population disproportionately vulnerable to the adverse effects of increasing extreme weather events. Research and policy efforts to address this significant gap should prioritise this critical area, focusing on rigorous evaluations and transparent reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251371589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between racial discrimination, financial insecurity and food insecurity: evidence from the born in Bradford cohort.","authors":"M Power, E Badrick, T Yang, M Bryant","doi":"10.1177/17579139251371965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251371965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards heat health plans in sub-Saharan Africa: case study - Nigeria.","authors":"Jennifer E Enekebe, S K Dankyi, S Fleury, E D Evci Kiraz, Pedro Beltran-Alvarez","doi":"10.1177/17579139251371988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we identify realistic and pragmatic recommendations for developing a Heat Health Plan (HHP) in Nigeria by analysing best practice and by leveraging current structures and programmes within the country. We propose actionable strategies to enhance preparedness and response to extreme heat events, ultimately reducing heat-related health impacts. Nigeria currently lacks a formal framework to address extreme heat events and key challenges include inadequate access to healthcare, limited heatwave-related data, ineffective communication strategies, and socioeconomic constraints. However, existing public health programmes, emergency response frameworks, and government agencies provide a foundation for the development of HHPs that mitigate the adverse effects of heatwaves on public health. Establishing heatwave early warning systems, enhancing public health data analysis, and integrating inclusive heat adaptation measures are feasible and essential steps. This piece underscores the urgency of transitioning from reactive to proactive heat-health management in Nigeria and the wider region to protect vulnerable populations and strengthen climate resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251371988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are 'dark kitchens'? A consensus definition from public, local authority, business and academic stakeholders in the United Kingdom.","authors":"L Nield, T Burgoine, A A Lake, H J Moore, J Soon-Sinclair, J Adams, Trp Bishop, S Bowles, E Boyland, C Bradford, M Chang, S Cummins, J Duffy, I Ferris, D Harness, Y Huang, Z Laheri, S Lloyd, H Martin, C O'Malley, J Pearce, C Rinaldi, R Rundle, N Shaw, E Tindall, T Townshend, C Wall, J D Beaumont","doi":"10.1177/17579139251371997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>'Dark kitchens' are an innovative and potentially disruptive addition to the global food environment with potential implications for policy, practice and public health. In the UK, dark kitchens currently represent approximately 15% of all food retailers across the three major online food delivery platforms in England (e.g. Just Eat, Deliveroo, Uber Eats), contributing significantly to the digital food environment. To date, dark kitchens have been poorly defined, under-researched and their wider impact poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Therefore, the aim of this work was to coproduce a consensus definition of dark kitchens to be used across multiple disciplines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of consultations took place with stakeholders including consumers, local authority representatives, academics, dark kitchen employees, and national governing bodies to understand knowledge and currently used definitions of dark kitchens. Mixed-method approaches were used involving questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and workshops.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stakeholder consultation process provided a robust methodology through which a consensus definition of dark kitchens was agreed. Each project group provided a definition which was scribed and annotated to understand the key components of importance within the definitions, while additional and unique components were discussed and debated by the expert working group before being accepted or rejected. In addition, short- and long-term benefits of such a definition were outlined for all stakeholder groups. Following peer-review from local authority, industry and governing body stakeholders, a final definition was produced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adoption of a consensus definition of dark kitchens is pivotal to the cross-sectoral work and understanding of many stakeholder groups. The definition allows for transparency and improved communication between dark kitchen stakeholders and provides the opportunity to drive public health agendas at multiple points within the food system.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251371997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building resilience to climate change: designing research with health system and community perspectives.","authors":"J G Richmond, P Beltran-Alvarez","doi":"10.1177/17579139251365576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251365576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251365576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on the social value of movement and dance.","authors":"C Farmer, K Stamp, R Boardman, A Balfour, S Hopkins","doi":"10.1177/17579139251359949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251359949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This short report summarises the findings of a 51-page report on the social value of movement and dance in England, highlighting its contribution to public health, individual wellbeing, and community development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The report synthesises data from multiple sources and quantifies the social value of movement and dance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate that movement and dance contribute £3.5 billion in social value, including £430 million in healthcare savings and a £2.1 billion uplift in mental wellbeing. Movement and dance foster physical health benefits comparable to those of other exercise forms while providing unique psychological and social advantages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Movement and dance play vital roles in public health by preventing illness, improving mental wellbeing, and fostering community engagement. To maximise their impact, greater integration within health practices, funding, research investment, and policy engagement is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251359949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(In)action on the social and commercial determinants of health: a call to arms to push the agenda forward.","authors":"R J Noonan","doi":"10.1177/17579139241277434","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241277434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, Noonan contends that boosting public support is vital for increasing pressure on the Government to enact change for the common good. He argues that the public health community can build public support for the required structural changes by challenging misinformation and sharing a new story.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"145 5","pages":"239-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where can care workers go to the toilet? The right to working conditions that 'respect health, safety and dignity'.","authors":"S Rutter, C Needham","doi":"10.1177/17579139241270802","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139241270802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This Feature article draws attention to the challenges care workers who work in the community face accessing hygiene facilities such as toilets and the impact this has on their health and working conditions. There is public awareness of the challenges faced by delivery drivers but the conditions faced by care workers are not recognised as frequently.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":"145 5","pages":"237-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12460920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess mortality in 22 European countries in 2020 and 2021: relationship with socioeconomic indicators.","authors":"R López-Gigosos, M Vegas-Romero, A Mariscal, E Mariscal-López, J Fang, M Gutiérrez-Bedmar","doi":"10.1177/17579139231180800","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139231180800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>For better understanding of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mortality in different countries, we studied the excess mortality from any cause during 2020 and 2021 in 22 European countries, and its relationship with three socioeconomic variables: life expectancy at birth in 2019, per capita income, and low education level.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using an ecological design, we analyzed excess mortality data between January 2020 and December 2021 in 22 European countries, obtained from the EuroMOMO surveillance system. Using weekly Z-score data for each country, we estimated the annual average deviation in mortality during 2020 and 2021 for each country. We analyzed possible relationships between the excess mortality and three independent variables: gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc) in 2020, life expectancy at birth in 2019, and proportion of the population over age 18 years with a lower than secondary education level in 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 22 European countries analyzed, the total number of excess deaths in 2020 and 2021 was 800,011 (11%) more than expected, with deaths among those aged 65 years and over accounting for 87.66% of these. Excess mortality was higher in 2020, especially in Spain, UK, Italy, and France. In 2021, excess mortality was highest in Hungary, the Netherlands, France, and Germany. Excess mortality during 2021 was inversely correlated with life expectancy (<i>r</i> =-.489, <i>p</i> = .021) and income level (<i>r</i> =-.550, <i>p</i> = .008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reducing socioeconomic inequalities among countries not only improves conditions of most disadvantages but also will help to reduce excess of mortality from future pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"253-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9877085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}