Perspectives in Public Health最新文献

{"title":"How do local authority plans to tackle obesity reflect systems thinking?","authors":"R Taheem, K Woods-Townsend, W Lawrence, J Baird, K M Godfrey, M Hanson","doi":"10.1177/17579139221106337","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139221106337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>A whole systems approach to tackling obesity has been recommended by Public Health England for several years. This qualitative study aimed to investigate whether systems thinking is reflected in local authority plans and strategies to tackle obesity, using the leverage points for intervention in a complex system, as a framework.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We sought to identify obesity strategies/plans for Southampton and 19 other local authority comparators (based on children's services and Office for National Statistics data). A healthy weight strategy was available for 10 local authorities and a qualitative document analysis was undertaken. The policy actions proposed in the plans were coded against the leverage points for intervention in a complex system and themes were developed to characterise interventions in each category.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A majority of actions included in the plans were categorised as 'Numbers, Constants and Parameters' which reflect downstream measures. However, there were examples of actions that could act on higher leverage points. In addition, some local authority plans included interventions that could act on 10 of the 12 leverage points suggesting incorporation of systems thinking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Some local authority plans to tackle obesity do reflect systems thinking when viewed through the lens of the leverage points for intervention in a complex system. Interventions at higher leverage points should be prioritised by public health decision-makers, especially in a climate of competing agendas and limited resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can governments reduce obesity, diabetes and heart disease, while saving the NHS money at negligible cost?","authors":"F Bernhardt, P Breeze","doi":"10.1177/17579139231182006","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139231182006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138441462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping healthy planning frameworks.","authors":"A De La Haye,&nbsp;A Jones,&nbsp;S van Herk,&nbsp;M Rofin-Serra,&nbsp;A A Lake,&nbsp;H J Moore","doi":"10.1177/17579139231205494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139231205494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this research was to map available healthy planning frameworks to discover the range, composition, design, and implementation of healthy planning frameworks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic scoping review with date, location, and usability limitations was augmented by a grey literature search. Data were extracted on key details, design, outcomes considered, and implementation features of the final 61 frameworks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data extracted indicated that most frameworks tend to focus on one element of the built environment, with active mobility, active environments, and transport being the most prevalent ones (34%). Most frameworks (40) stated their intended outcomes on health in general terms, rather than targeting specific health outcomes. Very few frameworks (12%) were aimed at the public, and only 11% of frameworks included an evaluation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While there are a wide variety and number of frameworks available in the field of healthy urban planning, they are generally siloed, focusing on highly specific individual urban determinants, and rarely consider health outcomes in detail. There is significantly less provision available for citizen and community use. Frameworks tend to offer limited updating mechanisms and very rarely include ongoing evaluation processes, making their success difficult to assess.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The practice of social protection policies in China: a systematic review on how left-behind children's mental health can be optimised.","authors":"J Hung,&nbsp;J Chen,&nbsp;O Chen","doi":"10.1177/17579139231205491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139231205491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>By discussing the mental health challenges faced by left-behind children, this article recommends or comments on existing social protection policies that can affect left-behind children's mental health at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels to holistically understand how a range of parties can jointly socially include left-behind children, a process which is conducive to the latter's mental health development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>J.H. carried out a systematic review by searching through the English bibliographical databases Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus, in addition to Chinese bibliographic databases CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals. Here J.H. searched for the words ('social protection' OR 'socially protected') AND ('mental health' OR 'psychological wellbeing' OR 'mental problems' OR 'psychological problems') AND ('left-behind children' OR 'LBC' OR 'leftover children') AND ('China' OR 'Chinese'). Publication dates of the search results were limited to between 2010 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One of the primary problems encountered by left-behind children is their inadequate home supervision. A further study indicates that parental migration serves as a crucial risk factor for child depression. State-level provision of insurance programmes helps curtail these children's encounters of mental health challenges. Moreover, an improvement in family and school protection is essential when optimising the protection system for left-behind rural Chinese children from poor villages. It is necessary for upper-level government units to re-structure their lower-level counterparts to improve the local administration. This allows lower-level government units to exploit preferential policies, refine relevant regulations and policies on child protection, and facilitate the establishment of social organisations where local policies can be successfully implemented to socially include and protect left-behind children in villages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At the meso-level, community environment construction should be emphasised. At macro- and meso-levels, government authorities and social organisations should encourage the marketisation of hiring professional surrogate parents. At the micro-level, migrant parents should proactively take an initiative to contact their left-behind children via telecommunications.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54231581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling mothers of young children in a low SES area to co-design the support they are seeking for the adoption of healthy behaviours.","authors":"P Wittels,&nbsp;T Kay,&nbsp;L Mansfield","doi":"10.1177/17579139231205488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139231205488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>There is a need for interventions that meet the needs of low socioeconomic status (SES) groups, to encourage the adoption of healthy diets and physical activity, in line with current public health guidance. This qualitative research used co-production, a method which actively involves the relevant community, to identify and describe public health interventions to support a group of mothers of young children living in a low SES area.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of 20 mothers took part in three in-depth qualitative interviews to discuss in detail the type of support that would be of value to them for the adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviours. The mothers were subsequently invited to take part in a public engagement project, a community-based self-help group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four themes explained the principles of interventions that would be of value in supporting the mothers with the adoption of healthy behaviours, namely, a community-based self-help group, support for the whole family and support in the home and influencing the environment. These were then further developed into two types of intervention (1) learning for self-help and family care, which encompassed the first three learning-based themes and (2) community of support, which covered influencing the environment and the experience of the community-based self-help group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-production enabled a group of mothers of young children, from a low SES area, to describe the type of support that would help them with the establishment and maintenance of healthy lifestyle behaviours. A community-based self-help group warrants further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Doing school food!': a practical toolkit for adopting a whole school food approach.","authors":"K Rose,&nbsp;C O'Malley,&nbsp;A A Lake,&nbsp;G S Lalli","doi":"10.1177/17579139231185302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139231185302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The dietary intake and reported eating behaviours of adolescents in the UK are a public health concern. Schools are identified as an ideal 'place' setting to promote health and improve young peoples' nutrition outcomes. A gap in the understanding of <i>how</i> healthy secondary school food policy can be implemented, sustainable and effective, may hamper progress to improving school food provision and nutrition education in the UK. Research was conducted to understand the factors which influence healthy school food provision and the adolescent's food choice to inform and develop a practical framework for schools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research involves the development of a practical toolkit which synthesises evidence generated from a mixed methods study and a systematic review. This was informed by an exploration of the secondary school food environment as a potentially 'obesogenic' setting, the effectiveness of school food interventions and policy in Europe and UK, included young people's (11-18 years of age) eating behaviours and priorities in food choice. A pragmatic approach was taken in the integration of evidence, using ecological and behaviour change theory, and joint display principles.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A six-phase practical toolkit is presented, guided by 'What Good Looks Like' and 'Whole Systems Approach to Obesity' principles which can be used to translate the evidence from this research into good school food practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Improving secondary school food provision across the school day and having a coherent whole school food approach to healthy eating have the potential to significantly improve a young person's food choice, therefore impacting the nutrient intake of adolescents in the UK. This toolkit helps working towards operationalising this idea.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM to \"Low trust in science may foster belief in misinformation by aligning scientifically supported and unsupported statements\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17579139231198801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139231198801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10212820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The climate crisis - can a community-led approach work?","authors":"B C O'Connor,&nbsp;M Hardman,&nbsp;L M Donkin,&nbsp;P A Cook","doi":"10.1177/17579139231180802","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139231180802","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9696471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aftermath of floods in Pakistan: a public health emergency.","authors":"M A Abid,&nbsp;M Kaim Khani,&nbsp;M B Abid","doi":"10.1177/17579139231180763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139231180763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10099589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and projections in sexually transmitted infections in people aged 45 years and older in England: analysis of national surveillance data.","authors":"C Camacho,&nbsp;E M Camacho,&nbsp;D M Lee","doi":"10.1177/17579139221106348","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17579139221106348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>We describe the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV in people aged ⩾45 years in England and provide future projections about the burden of STIs in this age group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis of national surveillance data in England from 2014 to 2019 for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes, syphilis, anogenital warts and HIV was carried out. Time trends were assessed by the Poisson regression and reported using incidence rate ratios (IRRs). Two scenarios were modelled to predict the number of new STI diagnoses and associated costs in 2040.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019, there were 37,692 new STI diagnoses in people ⩾45 years in England. Between 2014 and 2019, there was a significant increase in the rate of new STI diagnoses in men (IRR = 1.05, <i>p</i> = .05) and those aged 45-64 years (IRR = 1.04, <i>p</i> = .05). Absolute numbers of new STI diagnoses in men who have sex with men increased by 76% between 2014 and 2019 (IRR = 1.15, <i>p</i> < .001). In adults aged ⩾50 years, the number of episodes of care for HIV increased over time (age = 50-64 years, IRR = 1.10; age = 65+ years, IRR = 1.13; <i>p</i> <.001). The modelled scenarios predicted an increase in STI diagnoses and costs in older people by 2040.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>STI rates in England are increasing in people aged ⩾45 years. The population is ageing and older people will contribute an increasing burden to STI costs if this trend continues. The reasons for this trend are not fully understood and further longitudinal epidemiological research is needed. Sexual health promotion campaigns and healthcare interventions targeted at older people should be prioritised.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10576406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40408662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}