L Nield, T Burgoine, A A Lake, H J Moore, J Soon-Sinclair, J Adams, Trp Bishop, S Bowles, E Boyland, C Bradford, M Chang, S Cummins, J Duffy, I Ferris, D Harness, Y Huang, Z Laheri, S Lloyd, H Martin, C O'Malley, J Pearce, C Rinaldi, R Rundle, N Shaw, E Tindall, T Townshend, C Wall, J D Beaumont
{"title":"什么是“黑暗厨房”？来自英国公众、地方当局、商业和学术利益相关者的共识定义。","authors":"L Nield, T Burgoine, A A Lake, H J Moore, J Soon-Sinclair, J Adams, Trp Bishop, S Bowles, E Boyland, C Bradford, M Chang, S Cummins, J Duffy, I Ferris, D Harness, Y Huang, Z Laheri, S Lloyd, H Martin, C O'Malley, J Pearce, C Rinaldi, R Rundle, N Shaw, E Tindall, T Townshend, C Wall, J D Beaumont","doi":"10.1177/17579139251371997","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>'Dark kitchens' are an innovative and potentially disruptive addition to the global food environment with potential implications for policy, practice and public health. In the UK, dark kitchens currently represent approximately 15% of all food retailers across the three major online food delivery platforms in England (e.g. Just Eat, Deliveroo, Uber Eats), contributing significantly to the digital food environment. To date, dark kitchens have been poorly defined, under-researched and their wider impact poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Therefore, the aim of this work was to coproduce a consensus definition of dark kitchens to be used across multiple disciplines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of consultations took place with stakeholders including consumers, local authority representatives, academics, dark kitchen employees, and national governing bodies to understand knowledge and currently used definitions of dark kitchens. Mixed-method approaches were used involving questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and workshops.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stakeholder consultation process provided a robust methodology through which a consensus definition of dark kitchens was agreed. Each project group provided a definition which was scribed and annotated to understand the key components of importance within the definitions, while additional and unique components were discussed and debated by the expert working group before being accepted or rejected. In addition, short- and long-term benefits of such a definition were outlined for all stakeholder groups. Following peer-review from local authority, industry and governing body stakeholders, a final definition was produced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adoption of a consensus definition of dark kitchens is pivotal to the cross-sectoral work and understanding of many stakeholder groups. The definition allows for transparency and improved communication between dark kitchen stakeholders and provides the opportunity to drive public health agendas at multiple points within the food system.</p>","PeriodicalId":47256,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"17579139251371997"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"What are 'dark kitchens'? A consensus definition from public, local authority, business and academic stakeholders in the United Kingdom.\",\"authors\":\"L Nield, T Burgoine, A A Lake, H J Moore, J Soon-Sinclair, J Adams, Trp Bishop, S Bowles, E Boyland, C Bradford, M Chang, S Cummins, J Duffy, I Ferris, D Harness, Y Huang, Z Laheri, S Lloyd, H Martin, C O'Malley, J Pearce, C Rinaldi, R Rundle, N Shaw, E Tindall, T Townshend, C Wall, J D Beaumont\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/17579139251371997\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>'Dark kitchens' are an innovative and potentially disruptive addition to the global food environment with potential implications for policy, practice and public health. In the UK, dark kitchens currently represent approximately 15% of all food retailers across the three major online food delivery platforms in England (e.g. Just Eat, Deliveroo, Uber Eats), contributing significantly to the digital food environment. To date, dark kitchens have been poorly defined, under-researched and their wider impact poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Therefore, the aim of this work was to coproduce a consensus definition of dark kitchens to be used across multiple disciplines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of consultations took place with stakeholders including consumers, local authority representatives, academics, dark kitchen employees, and national governing bodies to understand knowledge and currently used definitions of dark kitchens. Mixed-method approaches were used involving questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and workshops.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stakeholder consultation process provided a robust methodology through which a consensus definition of dark kitchens was agreed. Each project group provided a definition which was scribed and annotated to understand the key components of importance within the definitions, while additional and unique components were discussed and debated by the expert working group before being accepted or rejected. In addition, short- and long-term benefits of such a definition were outlined for all stakeholder groups. Following peer-review from local authority, industry and governing body stakeholders, a final definition was produced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adoption of a consensus definition of dark kitchens is pivotal to the cross-sectoral work and understanding of many stakeholder groups. The definition allows for transparency and improved communication between dark kitchen stakeholders and provides the opportunity to drive public health agendas at multiple points within the food system.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":47256,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Perspectives in Public Health\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"17579139251371997\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Perspectives in Public Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371997\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Perspectives in Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17579139251371997","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
What are 'dark kitchens'? A consensus definition from public, local authority, business and academic stakeholders in the United Kingdom.
Background: 'Dark kitchens' are an innovative and potentially disruptive addition to the global food environment with potential implications for policy, practice and public health. In the UK, dark kitchens currently represent approximately 15% of all food retailers across the three major online food delivery platforms in England (e.g. Just Eat, Deliveroo, Uber Eats), contributing significantly to the digital food environment. To date, dark kitchens have been poorly defined, under-researched and their wider impact poorly understood.
Aim: Therefore, the aim of this work was to coproduce a consensus definition of dark kitchens to be used across multiple disciplines.
Methods: A series of consultations took place with stakeholders including consumers, local authority representatives, academics, dark kitchen employees, and national governing bodies to understand knowledge and currently used definitions of dark kitchens. Mixed-method approaches were used involving questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and workshops.
Results: The stakeholder consultation process provided a robust methodology through which a consensus definition of dark kitchens was agreed. Each project group provided a definition which was scribed and annotated to understand the key components of importance within the definitions, while additional and unique components were discussed and debated by the expert working group before being accepted or rejected. In addition, short- and long-term benefits of such a definition were outlined for all stakeholder groups. Following peer-review from local authority, industry and governing body stakeholders, a final definition was produced.
Conclusion: The adoption of a consensus definition of dark kitchens is pivotal to the cross-sectoral work and understanding of many stakeholder groups. The definition allows for transparency and improved communication between dark kitchen stakeholders and provides the opportunity to drive public health agendas at multiple points within the food system.
期刊介绍：
Perspectives in Public Health is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed journal. It is practice orientated and features current topics and opinions; news and views on current health issues; case studies; book reviews; letters to the Editor; as well as updates on the Society"s work. The journal also commissions articles for themed issues and publishes original peer-reviewed articles. Perspectives in Public Health"s primary aim is to be an invaluable resource for the Society"s members, who are health-promoting professionals from many disciplines, including environmental health, health protection, health and safety, food safety and nutrition, building and engineering, primary care, academia and government.
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