Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of printing layer thickness on the flexural strength of nanocomposite 3D printed resins: An in vitro comparative study","authors":"Mohammed M. Gad ,&nbsp;Fatimah Abdullah Alzaki ,&nbsp;Fatimah Ahmed Abuwarwar ,&nbsp;Ali Alhammad ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al Hussain ,&nbsp;Soban Q. Khan ,&nbsp;Essam A. Nassar ,&nbsp;Neveen M. Ayad","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study evaluated the influence of various printing layer thicknesses with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂NPs) incorporated as a reinforcement material on the flexural strength of 3D-printed denture base resins.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>Asiga (DentaBASE, Asiga, Erfurt, Germany) and NextDent (Denture 3D+, NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) 3D-printed resins were modified with different concentrations of SiO₂NPs (0.25 % and 0.5 wt%). A total of 180 specimens (bar-shaped, 64 × 10 × 3.3 mm) were fabricated (N = 90/resin). Each resin was subdivided into three groups (n = 30) according to the SiO₂NP concentration (0 %, 0.25 %, and 0.5 wt%) Each concentration was divided into three groups (n = 10) according to the printing layer thickness (50 µm, 75 µm, and 100 µm). Specimens were printed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and then subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. A three-point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength (MPa). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For both resins, printing layer thicknesses of 50 µm and 75 µm exhibited significantly higher flexural strength than 100 µm (P &lt; 0.001). The 50 µm thickness showed the greatest flexural strength values (81.65 ± 4.77 MPa and 84.59 ± 6.21 MPa for Asiga and NextDent, respectively). The 100 µm thickness showed the lowest flexural strength values (74.35 ± 5.37 and 73.66 ± 5.55 MPa) for Asiga and NextDent, respectively. The flexural strength significantly increased with the addition of SiO₂NPs with printing layer thicknesses of 50 µm and 75 µm (P &lt; 0.001), whereas the modified and unmodified groups printed with a 100 µm layer thickness did not differ significantly. Asiga 0.25 %/50 µm and NextDent 0.5 %/50 µm showed the highest flexural strength values (97.32 ± 6.82 MPa and 97.54 ± 7.04 MPa, respectively). Scanning electron microscopy fractured surfaces analysis revealed more lamellae and irregularities with lower printing layer thicknesses and SiO₂NP concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The flexural strength increased with printing layer thicknesses of 50 µm or 75 µm combined with SiO₂NP reinforcement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 10","pages":"Pages 1307-1312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of hyaluronic acid coating on polyether ether ketone dental implant surface: An in vitro analysis","authors":"Mohammed Aso Abdulghafor,&nbsp;Zanyar Mustafa Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), a biocompatible polymer, is being explored as an alternative to metallic alloys for dental implants due to its aesthetic and mechanical properties. This study aimed to enhance the surface biofunctionality through evaluating human MG-63 osteoblastic cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Following the sandblasting and plasma treatment of the 3D-printed PEEK discs, a layer of hyaluronic acid (Hya) was coated onto the PEEK surface. Osteoblast cells were seeded onto the discs. The groups consisted of Hya-coated PEEK, uncoated PEEK, and a control group. Cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization potential were examined after seven and twenty-one days of cell seeding using the MTT test, DAPI staining technique, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and alizarin red staining.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hya-coated PEEK increased cell viability (1.48 ± 0.13, 1.49 ± 0.09) compared to the uncoated group (1.19 ± 0.06, 1.26 ± 0.07) and control group (0.98 ± 0.04, 1.00 ± 0.07) after 7 and 21 days. Proliferation rates of coated group (60.50 ± 3.08) were greater than the uncoated (50.33 ± 2.58) and control group (38.33 ± 4.88) at 21 days, respectively. Additionally, the ALP activity on Hya-coated PEEK disks (5.55 ± 0.65, 7.54 ± 0.64) was notably higher than that of the uncoated group (1.08 ± 0.49, 2.59 ± 0.68), and control group (0.16 ± 0.09, 0.34 ± 0.18) at both time periods. Alizarin red staining in the Hya-coated PEEK group (1.81 ± 0.23, 1.97 ± 0.20) was significantly greater in comparison with uncoated group (1.12 ± 0.17, 1.14 ± 0.19) and control group (0.99 ± 0.10, 0.98 ± 0.05) at both time intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hya’s surface coating has enhanced the biofunctional properties of PEEK implant material, as demonstrated by improved cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 10","pages":"Pages 1326-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of pediatric emergency dental care during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Dalia E. Meisha ,&nbsp;Amal Al-Khotani ,&nbsp;Sultana A. Alhurishi ,&nbsp;Moatazbellah M. Alruwaithi ,&nbsp;Saud M. Orfali ,&nbsp;Haila A. Al-Huraishi","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was recommended to provide emergency dental care and avoid aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) when possible. This study aimed to determine how Saudi Arabian pediatric patients utilized emergency dental services at the national level at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and what situations required an AGP.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data was collected from all Ministry of Health dental facilities in Saudi Arabia between March and May 2020. All pediatric dental patients who received emergency dental care during the COVID-19 lockdown were included in this study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority of the 1,544 pediatric dental patients who received emergency dental care during this period received treatment for caries (77.9 %). AGPs were predominant in the treatment of urgent dental conditions (51.5 %). About 64 % of cases with pulpal inflammation and 52.4 % with abscesses underwent an AGP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Emergency and urgent dental conditions were the main reason for seeking dental care during the pandemic (75.8 %), while only 24.2 % of cases were considered non-urgent. Despite the recommendations, AGPs were required for some urgent conditions to relieve the associated pain, and this comprised 46.8 % of dental treatment provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 10","pages":"Pages 1350-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eight-year evaluation of dental public health students’ research using balanced scorecard – Retrospective study","authors":"Khaled Keraa ,&nbsp;Amira Saad Badran ,&nbsp;Mahassen Mohamed Farghaly","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction:</h3><div>Measuring the performance of dental schools in the research area has always been challenging. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is a performance measurement tool with four perspectives that balance financial and non-financial performance indicators. Some medical colleges use BSC for performance measurement of all departments’ activities while others use it in some sections or departments. This study is the first in the dental education field to use the BSC approach to assess the performance measurement of dental students’ research projects.</div></div><div><h3>Methods:</h3><div>A self-developed BSC was designed by the staff members at the dental public health department to reflect the educational strategies and objectives of the department; all data on dental public health students’ research from 2013/2014 to 2020/2021 were collected from the dental public health department, Dental Clinics Complex (DCC) files as well as databases of the Quality Assurance Unit to cover the basic four balanced perspectives.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>Data from the four perspectives were introduced to Balanced Scorecard Pro Software Version 4.7.1.20. The resulting balanced scorecard indicated that the overall performance of students’ research activities was 89.38%. The learning and growth perspective showed the highest performance (95.33%) followed by the financial perspective (92.5%) then the internal process perspective (89.55%) while the customer perspective showed the lowest performance (82.19%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions:</h3><div>BSC is an efficient tool for the measurement of the performance of the departments at medical colleges. Our process is highly adaptable and can be easily implemented by any section, or institution looking to advance its educational mission and vision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 10","pages":"Pages 1357-1363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content of cariostatic trace elements (F, Cu, and Zn) in the commercially packaged and public tap waters of Qatar","authors":"Hissa Al-Ansari ,&nbsp;Hend Al-Qashouti ,&nbsp;Roudha Al-Neama ,&nbsp;Aisha Al-Moadhadi ,&nbsp;Hani Nazzal ,&nbsp;Nebu Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Drinking water containing optimal levels of cariostatic trace elements is an effective preventive approach against community-wide dental caries. This study aimed to (i) determine the concentrations of fluoride, copper, and zinc in commercially packaged and public tap water available in Qatar, (ii) assess the accuracy of the content of these cariostatic trace elements on commercial water brand labels, and (iii) check for seasonal fluctuations in the levels of these trace elements in commercial and public water samples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Duplicate samples from 20 commercial and six public tap water sources were collected once in the summer and winter seasons. Water samples were evaluated for fluoride concentration using ion chromatography (IC), whereas copper and zinc concentrations were estimated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The fluoride content of all commercial and public water samples was below the 0.25 mg/L detection limit of the IC instrument. Commercial water brands had copper and zinc levels below the ICP-MS detection limits (1.22 μg/L for copper and 0.24 μg/L for zinc). Copper levels in the public water samples ranged from &lt;1.22 μg/L to 11 μg/L. Zinc levels in the public water samples ranged from 5 μg/L to 40 μg/L. Thirteen commercial water brands labelled their fluoride content, with most showing labelled fluoride levels &lt;0.1 mg/L, consistent with the results of this study. The difference in trace element content between the summer and winter water samples was not statistically significant (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Lower optimal cariostatic trace element content in the drinking water in Qatar could be a reason for the exceptionally high prevalence of dental caries. The results of this study could lead to public health advocacy for supplementing drinking water in Qatar with cariostatic trace elements that could potentially lower the prevalence of dental caries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 10","pages":"Pages 1321-1325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the impact of patient attributes, implant characteristics, surgical techniques, and placement location on the success of orthodontic mini-implants in young adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Cristina Valeri ,&nbsp;Angelo Aloisio ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Marzo ,&nbsp;Gianmarco Costigliola ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Quinzi","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><strong>Background</strong></h3><p>Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) address challenges in traditional orthodontic anchorage like patient compliance and precision, showing significantly improved clinical outcomes, particularly for cases requiring maximum anchorage.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Materials and Method</strong><strong>s</strong></h3><p>A systematic electronic search was performed in five research databases, focusing on studies published between 2015 and 2023. The ROBINS-I tool from the Cochrane Bias Methods Group assessed the risk of bias. Data analysis included categorical and numerical variables, with categorical variables analyzed using Cohen’s method in a random effects model to account for variability. Sensitivity and heterogeneity were evaluated using a ’leave-one-out’ approach and the <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> statistic, respectively. At the same time, publication bias was checked using Egger’s test, with findings presented through Forest and Funnel plots. Numerical variables were subjected to weighted regression analysis.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Results</strong></h3><p>Examination of 15 studies involving 1981 patients and 3272 orthodontic mini-implants identified key factors affecting implant stability. Failure rates varied significantly, influenced by factors such as the characteristics and insertion site of the orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs), patient-specific variables, and operator experience. Notably, the insertion site and implant characteristics like size did not significantly affect failure rates, but there was a negative correlation between the magnitude of force applied and failure rates.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>The success of orthodontic mini-implants is broadly consistent across patient demographics and is not significantly impacted by gender or age, though failure rates were higher in males and when implants were placed in the maxilla. These findings suggest that higher applied forces might reduce failure rates.</p></div><div><h3><strong>Clinical Significance</strong></h3><p>This review underlines mini-implant efficacy across varied patient demographics, emphasizing the importance of site selection, jaw location, and force application in enhancing success rates and guiding tailored treatment strategies.</p><p>PROSPERO ID CRD42023411955.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 9","pages":"Pages 1149-1159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002104/pdfft?md5=48b0cc838fd08de7bf572f569788d480&pid=1-s2.0-S1013905224002104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of derum (bark of Juglans regia tree) extract on oral mucosa: An in vivo study based on epithelial atypia in rabbit model","authors":"Ahmed A. Zahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Derum, the bark of walnut tree (<em>Juglans regia</em>) has been used as a traditional tooth cleanser and chewed for its ability to bestow purple color to oral mucosa, tongue and lips Studies have shown that derum extract could affect oral epithelium after long term exposure, causing dysplasia. The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the degree of epithelial dysplasia caused by varying durations and frequencies of topical derum application on oral mucosa of rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Following ethical approval, derum extract was applied to the buccal vestibule of New Zealand white rabbits over three different periods (60 days, 120 days, 180 days) and two different protocols were used (daily application and once every 3 days). Accordingly, the animals were divided into four groups (A – daily derum application/B – derum applied once in 3 days/C – Positive control and acetone applied every alternate day/D – negative control), and three batches (I – 60 days/II – 120 days/III – 180 days). The animals were sacrificed, and oral biopsies prepared and examined under light microscope. The magnitude of epithelial changes was evaluated using epithelial atypia index (EAI) based on Smith and Pindborg histological grading system (1969) for epithelial dysplasia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mild dysplastic changes were detected in animals treated with derum extract regardless of the period of application. Similar results were noted among positive control group, and highest score was recorded in group A followed by group B with high tendency towards long-term derum application. Moderate changes were encountered only in group A that received derum for 180 days. Statistically, long-term derum application (180 days / Batch III in groups A and B), irrespective of the frequency of application, resulted in significantly higher mean EAI scores than all other groups or batches.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on this study, prolonged and frequent use of derum can induce dysplastic changes in rabbit oral mucosa, ranging from mild to moderate dysplasia. Further studies with extended times of exposure of derum to oral mucosa are recommended to document these adverse effects as an evidence base.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 9","pages":"Pages 1233-1240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002141/pdfft?md5=cc809f207e4473442e35adbdbdd544af&pid=1-s2.0-S1013905224002141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of proton pump inhibitors on periodontal health – A systematic review","authors":"Hajer A. Aldulaijan","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>In recent times, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are frequently prescribed to manage acid reflux and to aid in completion of course of medication, which cause gastric irritation. Although this practice may minimize compliance to drug therapies and probably prevent development of drug resistance, the adverse effects of chronic PPI use have to be assessed. Inadvertent chronic use of PPIs has been found to inhibit normal gastrointestinal microbiome and even bone metabolism. The current study aimed to review available evidence based literature to understand the beneficial effects of PPIs weighed against their adversities with respect to periodontal and peri-implant health.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>The search strategy was followed according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Proton pump inhibitors, periodontal disease, dental implant (DI) and bone osseointegration were used as key MESH terms to search and select the required articles for review. While primary inclusion criteria were original researches, published in English, between 2014 to till-date, case reports, reviews and editorial communications were excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall search strategy resulted in 445 articles. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria 37 articles were selected. Scrutinizing the abstracts for relevance, 17 publications were finally selected for review. This included three in vivo animal studies evaluating DI osseointegration and 14 retrospective clinical studies (nine in patients with dental implants, four in patients with periodontitis and one evaluating bone quality using panoramic radiographs).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Findings from this systematic review revealed a plausible relationship between chronic PPI use and poor peri-implant bone health leading to early DI failure, and mandibular osteoporotic changes. On the contrary, use of PPI among patients with periodontitis, resulted in an improvement in periodontal health and reduction in periodontal disease severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 9","pages":"Pages 1160-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101390522400213X/pdfft?md5=2619130736bd57bef3248d9594eb52cf&pid=1-s2.0-S101390522400213X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of four decontamination procedures in Reusing healing abutments: An in vitro study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to compare the effect of four decontamination methods on the level of residual contaminants in the re-usage of dental healing abutments.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In this experimental study, 50 used healing abutments were divided into five groups of ten as follows: 1. Control group: healing abutments were submerged in the ultrasonic device then autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min; 2. Hypochlorite group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were additionally immersed in 3 % hypochlorite for 20 min; 3. Chlorhexidine group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were additionally treated with 12 % chlorhexidine; 4. Air polishing group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were subjected to air polishing; 5. Hydrogen peroxide group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were additionally exposed to 3 % hydrogen peroxide. Then, all healing abutments were stained with a protein-specific stain, Phloxine B. Five photographs were taken of each healing abutment, with four capturing the body (shank)and one capturing the top. All images were analysed, to measure the stained (contaminated) areas of each sample. The obtained data were analysed using statistical software (significance set at p &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The one-way ANOVA test indicated that the average percentage of contamination residues on the occlusal surface did not show a significant difference among the five groups: control: 5.5 ± 2.8, sodium hypochlorite: 4.9 ± 2.5, Chlorhexidine: 5.3 ± 2.5, air polisher: 3.1 ± 1.8 and Hydrogen peroxide: 4.8 ± 3.1. (p = 0.26). The average percentage of residual contamination on the body surfaces (shank part) was significantly lower in the air polisher (1.7 ± 1.1) and sodium hypochlorite (2.4 ± 1.1) groups compared to the other three groups (Control: 6.1 ± 2.3, Hydrogen peroxide: 4.6 ± 0.7, Chlorhexidine: 5.4 ± 2.4) (p &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of this study showed that the use of sodium hypochlorite and air polishing, alongside autoclaving and ultrasonic cleaning, effectively reduced residual contamination on the body surfaces of healing abutments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 8","pages":"Pages 1141-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224001809/pdfft?md5=53bafce71f0c3282e960f6d9c8731db0&pid=1-s2.0-S1013905224001809-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate implant placement and simultaneous bone grafting with bone cement in extraction sockets: A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.05.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The placement of immediate dental implants intrinsically displays crestal gaps, which may compromise implant osseointegration. Several grafting materials have been used to overcome this issue. Of the available materials, the use of bone cement is relatively new in oral implantology. This study aimed to examine the available literature on the utilization of bone cements in immediate placement of dental implants and assess its potential in oral implantology.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To synthesize evidence for appraising the impact of bone cements on implant stability and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) of dental implants placed immediately after extraction in humans and animals after 3 months of healing from tooth extraction.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect for relevant studies published from inception to September 2021 using relevant search terms. Of the 1624 studies, 4 were selected for this systematic review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Three of the four studies concluded that bone cements enhanced implant stability and/or BIC with better quality and/or quantity of bone surrounding the immediate dental implant. The conclusion drawn by one article remained indecisive. Meta-analysis could not be performed owing to the presence of substantial heterogeneity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Bone cement is a promising treatment alternative as it augments implant stability and/or BIC in immediate dental implants. Nonetheless, further prospective human clinical trials are required to establish its clinical effectiveness and arrive at a definitive conclusion to recommend its clinical use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"36 8","pages":"Pages 1051-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224001676/pdfft?md5=4ad58874b5f5f9f6b08a816b00f99fdc&pid=1-s2.0-S1013905224001676-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141131160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}