Saudi Dental Journal最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of various obturation techniques with AH Plus Jet sealer in simulated C-shaped canals.","authors":"Maryam Gharechahi, Mina Mehrjouei, Saeed Moradi, Ali Kazemian, Melika Hoseinzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00124-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00124-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the quality and efficiency of three obturation techniques for simulated 3D-printed C-shaped canals filled with an epoxy resin-based sealer. A mandibular molar with a C-shaped root canal (C1 configuration) was prepared to size #30/0.04, and 30 replicas were 3D-printed. The canals were obturated with AH Plus Jet sealer using cold lateral compaction (CLC), warm vertical compaction (WVC), or warm vertical hybrid compaction (HC) (n = 10). Cross-sections at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds were examined under a digital microscope to determine the proportions of gutta-percha, sealer, and voids. Obturation time was also recorded. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and LSD post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). In the apical third, void percentages were significantly lower for CLC (1.00±0.21%) and HC (1.00±0.43%) compared with WVC (P<0.001), although the effect size indicated only a modest difference (η² = 0.218). In the middle third, WVC produced the lowest void percentage (1.03 ± 0.37%; P < 0.05). In the coronal third, void percentages in WVC and HC were significantly lower than in CLC (P < 0.05). Among the techniques, WVC required the shortest obturation time (168.00 ± 24.29 s; P < 0.001). Considering void percentage and treatment time, WVC appears to be the most efficient technique for obturating C-shaped canals with AH Plus Jet sealer.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the impact of AI-driven prosthodontic planning on dental implant positioning outcomes? A systematic review.","authors":"Dugagjin Sokoli, Burim Kiseri, Genc Demjaha, Flora Asllani-Hoxha, Venera Bimbashi","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00184-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00184-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, including machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and AI-assisted surgical guidance, in prosthodontic-driven planning for dental implant positioning, with particular attention to diagnostic accuracy, planning consistency, and workflow optimization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies, including machine learning algorithms, predictive analytics, and AI-assisted surgical guidance, in prosthodontic-driven planning for dental implant positioning, with particular attention to diagnostic accuracy, planning consistency, and workflow optimization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The included studies suggest that AI-based approaches are associated with improved consistency in diagnostic image interpretation, enhanced accuracy of virtual implant planning, and reduced operator-dependent variability. Across predominantly moderate- to high-quality studies, AI-assisted workflows were reported to support more individualized implant positioning by integrating anatomical, prosthetic, and occlusal parameters. However, the evidence remains heterogeneous, and reported benefits are primarily derived from observational and pilot studies rather than large-scale clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current evidence indicates that AI has the potential to support prosthodontic-driven implant planning by enhancing diagnostic standardization and facilitating personalized treatment strategies. Nevertheless, the absence of quantitative synthesis, limited external validation of AI models, and variability in study quality warrant cautious interpretation. Further well-designed clinical studies and standardized validation protocols are required before definitive conclusions regarding clinical outcomes can be drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of chitosan and calcium carbonate-based scaffolds for bone regeneration in preclinical in vivo models: a systematic review.","authors":"Wilman Rante Marampa, Renny Febrida, Nina Djustiana","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00187-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00187-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of chitosan and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)-based scaffolds in promoting bone regeneration in preclinical in vivo models, focusing on bone volume, mineral density, histological outcomes, and biomechanical properties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published from March 2015 to March 2025 using keywords such as \"chitosan,\" \"calcium carbonate,\" \"bone regeneration,\" and \"scaffolds.\" Eligible studies involved preclinical in vivo research on bone defect repair with chitosan or calcium carbonate scaffolds. Studies were included if they compared these scaffolds with other bone regeneration materials or no intervention. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty preclinical in vivo studies involving 850 animals were included. Chitosan scaffolds showed new bone formation ranging from 40% to 85%, while calcium carbonate scaffolds showed regeneration rates between 50% and 70%. Significant improvements in bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume-to-total volume ratio (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness were observed in scaffold-treated groups. Histological findings indicated increased osteoblast activity, mineralization, and vascularization, especially in chitosan combined with other materials. No significant biomechanical differences were found between the scaffolds, but composite materials showed improved mechanical properties (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both chitosan and calcium carbonate-based scaffolds show promising potential in preclinical models, with chitosan reporting 40-85% new bone formation (≈19 studies) and CaCO₃ reporting 50-70% (≈11 studies). However, heterogeneity in study design and reporting quality warrants cautious interpretation. This variability also underscores the need for standardized testing and further research to isolate the independent effects of scaffold composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13226756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the research landscape on diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease: a scientometric study.","authors":"Angela Repanovici, Mihaela Emanuela Vîlcu, Ileana Pantea","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00190-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00190-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To map the scientific landscape linking diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease using bibliometric methods, identify major thematic clusters, and examine how research supports clinical and educational perspectives relevant to integrated diabetes-oral health research. The central research question was: What are the dominant knowledge structures and interdisciplinary connections in the literature on diabetes mellitus and oral health? A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection (1995-2024). The search strategy combined diabetes related and oral health-related terms. After applying the eligibility criteria, 1,058 publications were included. Keyword preprocessing involved synonym unification, abbreviation harmonization, and manual validation. VOSviewer v1.6.18 was used for keyword co occurrence mapping. Potential sources of bias related to database selection and keyword variability were acknowledged. Eight thematic clusters were identified, covering periodontal disease, prevention, epidemiology, systemic comorbidities, microbiome research, quality of life, clinical interventions, and biomarkers. Cluster structure remained stable across sensitivity thresholds. The literature on diabetes and oral health exhibits recurring thematic patterns and interconnected research domains. While bibliometric clustering reflects co occurrence structures rather than conceptual maturity, the findings provide an analytical overview of how research areas relate to one another. The findings indicate recurring thematic patterns and interconnected research domains. The identified clusters outline priority domains relevant to risk assessment, prevention, and interdisciplinary care. Although bibliometric findings do not directly inform clinical decision making, they highlight areas where integrated diabetes-oral health strategies may be strengthened.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13216395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographics and histopathological characteristics of palatal lesions: a 24-year retrospective study in an Iranian population.","authors":"Armin Khaleghi, Yasmin Alimardani, Nafiseh Shamloo","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00138-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00138-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The palate is a site with a complex anatomy that can develop a variety of lesions of epithelial, salivary gland, and mesenchymal origins. Despite its clinical importance, it has rarely been studied as an independent site. The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic and pathological features of palatal lesions over 24-years in an Iranian population. A retrospective study was performed on 283 palatal biopsies recorded between 2001 and 2024 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Dental School, Tehran, Iran. Lesions were classified into eight histopathological categories. Demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and histological diagnoses were analyzed in RStudio (2024.12.1) using parametric and non-parametric tests with post-hoc adjustment, and significance was set at p < 0.05. Among 8,803 total biopsies, 283 cases (3.2%) involved the palate. Epithelial lesions were the largest group (30%), followed by salivary gland lesions (28.3%) and mesenchymal lesions (26.2%). Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common single diagnosis (14.8%). Malignant lesions accounted for 26.5% of the sample, with squamous cell carcinoma being the predominant malignancy. Malignant epithelial lesions occurred at a significantly older age and presented with larger clinical size compared with benign lesions, whereas benign and malignant salivary gland lesions showed overlapping clinical features. Most lesions were located in the posterior palate, a region that is frequently overlooked during routine clinical examination. The palate can be affected by a wide spectrum of lesions with a substantial proportion of malignancies. Older patient age and increased lesion size represent important clinical warnings, particularly for epithelial lesions. Given the limited clinical distinction between benign and malignant salivary gland lesions, biopsy of palatal lesions is strongly recommended regardless of appearance. These findings emphasize the importance of palatal examination and early histopathologic assessment to improve diagnostic accuracy and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13197501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148007084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide prevalence of impacted teeth in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bassam Alalola, Fathimah Farook, Ali Asiri, Ghadah Aldakheel, Farraj Albalawi, Suliman Alsaeed","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00185-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00185-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tooth impaction is a common developmental dental anomaly that may lead to significant clinical complications. Although several studies have investigated the prevalence of impacted teeth in Saudi Arabia, the available evidence is heterogeneous and varies considerably according to study design and population characteristics. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of impacted permanent teeth in Saudi Arabia, evaluate tooth-specific impaction rates, and compare prevalence estimates between general and orthodontic populations. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE databases was conducted up to January 1^st, 2025, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Descriptive cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of impacted permanent teeth in Saudi Arabia were included. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled prevalence, and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. Twenty studies encompassing a pooled sample of 80,029 patients were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of a permanent tooth impaction was 7% (95% confidence interval: 4%-11%), with considerable heterogeneity across studies. Mandibular third molars were the most frequently impacted teeth (15.9%), followed by maxillary third molars (6.2%) and maxillary canines (3.2%). Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in the overall prevalence of tooth impaction between general and orthodontic populations. However, maxillary canine impaction was significantly more prevalent among orthodontic patients compared to the general population (p < 0.05). Permanent tooth impaction affects approximately one in 14 patients attending dental clinics in Saudi Arabia, with third molars and maxillary canines being most commonly involved. These findings provide a comprehensive nationwide epidemiological reference and emphasize the need for early detection and targeted clinical assessment, particularly for maxillary canine impaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13194912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Index for Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IPION): a scoping review.","authors":"Jeannette Dino, Noor Sam Ahmad, Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria, Alida Mahyuddin, Huay Woon You","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00181-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00181-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Index For Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IPION) was developed to assess early orthodontic treatment needs (EOT) in mixed dentition. This scoping review aimed to map the extent, characteristics and nature of the existing evidence on the development of IPION and its application in identifying the prevalence of EOT and malocclusion in mixed dentition. This scoping review also investigated the reported IPION modifications, limitations and gaps in literature. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a scoping review of the literature was conducted in July 2025 across 4 databases (EBSCO, Proquest, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science) and additional sources (journal reference list). Eligible sources include population-based and institutional observational studies which applied the IPION among children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. Data were extracted and literature was reviewed by 5 independent reviewers using a predefined extraction template and the findings were synthesized narratively. Twelve of 47 identified records (1999 to 2025) from North America, Asia, and Africa were included. EOT prevalence ranged from 20 to 96% across institutional and population-based studies. IPION modifications across different studies included modifications on the assessments of caries, overbite, overjet, missing permanent incisors, IPION component categories and addition of IPION score for 12-year-olds. Limited studies evaluated the validity of these modifications. There is a growing application of the IPION in evaluating the prevalence of EOT and malocclusion in mixed dentition. Future research is warranted to address its limitations and enhance its utility as a comprehensive epidemiological instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate dentin sealing: current concepts, clinical workflow, and evidence-based applications.","authors":"Hamad Algamaiah","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00183-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00183-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) has become an essential clinical protocol aimed at optimizing adhesive bonding in indirect restorations due to increasing demands for durable restorations, reduced postoperative complications, and improved patient satisfaction in restorative dentistry. This comprehensive review systematically examines the underlying principles, varied application techniques, and clinical implications associated with IDS. This narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for relevant in vitro and clinical studies, using the search terms: immediate dentin sealing, IDS, dentin bonding, indirect restorations, and adhesive dentistry. Current evidence from both in vitro and clinical studies is thoroughly reviewed, emphasizing the superior bond strength, enhanced long-term bond durability, reduced dentin permeability, and decreased postoperative sensitivity achieved with IDS compared to delayed dentin sealing. Various adhesive strategies, including etch-and-rinse and self-etch systems, as well as adjunctive methods such as the application of flowable resin liners, are critically evaluated. Clinical investigations consistently report favorable outcomes concerning patient comfort, restoration longevity, and structural integrity when IDS protocols are employed. The evidence suggests that IDS may offer meaningful clinical advantages, supporting its consideration as a reliable and promising approach in contemporary restorative dentistry; however, the evidence should be interpreted in light of existing methodological limitations, and further long-term clinical studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147965074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weighted DMFT (W-DMFT) model: A conceptual framework for severity-adjusted caries assessment in epidemiology.","authors":"Necmi Namal","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00161-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00161-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To critically examine the structural limitations of the classical Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and to propose a biologically structured, severity-adjusted conceptual framework through the Weighted DMFT (W-DMFT) model. This study presents a conceptual-analytic framework without quantitative field data. The methodological constraints of the DMFT index were examined across four domains: biological progression, functional impact, radiographic detectability, and restorative assessment. Based on the enamel-dentin-pulp hierarchy, a structured weighting system (0-3) was developed to reflect increasing biological invasion and functional consequences.The W-DMFT score is expressed as a severity-adjusted mean value per tooth. The classical DMFT index applies uniform scoring that does not differentiate lesion depth or functional severity. In contrast, the W-DMFT model introduces hierarchical weighting to capture biological progression, incorporates radiographically detectable dentinal involvement, and numerically represents functional impairment. The model provides a theoretically enhanced framework for severity-sensitive caries assessment. The W-DMFT model offers a structured conceptual extension of the classical DMFT by integrating lesion depth and functional considerations into epidemiological scoring. While biologically grounded, empirical validation studies are required to assess reliability, reproducibility, and population-level performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13176404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147942919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional and cross-sectional compatibility of contemporary nickel-titanium files and their corresponding gutta-percha cones: A micro-computed tomography study.","authors":"Cem Sarkan, Faruk Haznedaroglu, Ali Keleş","doi":"10.1007/s44445-026-00170-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44445-026-00170-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional and sectional compatibility between contemporary nickel-titanium (NiTi) root canal instruments and their corresponding gutta-percha (GP) cones with variable tapers, and to assess their compliance with ISO and ADA standards using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Four NiTi file systems (ProTaper Next X2, HyFlex EDM OneFile, Reciproc Blue R25, and WaveOne Gold Primary) were analyzed. Their compatibility with corresponding GP cones was assessed based on diameter and taper measurements at 1 mm intervals (D1 to D16). Measurements were performed using Micro-CT imaging, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Compliance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and American Dental Association (ADA) standards was also assessed. The findings reveal significant dimensional discrepancies between files and GP cones, with GP cones generally exhibiting larger diameters. Reciprocating systems (WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue R25) demonstrated superior compatibility with GP cones compared to rotary systems (ProTaper Next and HyFlex EDM OneFile). GP cones adhered more closely to ISO and ADA standards than files. Significant mismatches were identified between NiTi instruments and their corresponding GP cones. Reciprocating systems showed better dimensional compatibility than rotary systems. These results highlight the need for careful evaluation of material pairing to ensure optimal clinical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13168365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}