Geographical Research最新文献

{"title":"The geography of the Anthropocene","authors":"Patrick T. Moss","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12651","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Through a range of activities and impacts, humanity now plays a dominant role in transforming the global environment. This dominance can be seen in varied physical and societal processes, including global climate change, land degradation, urbanisation, species extinction, pollution, and habitat fragmentation, which are often encapsulated in the term “the Great Acceleration” and are represented by physical and socioeconomic environmental measures that span from 1950 CE (Steffen et al., <span>2015</span>, <span>2018</span>). The spatial and temporal scales of these transformational processes have resulted in the development of a proposed new geological unit called the Anthropocene that is being used to highlight human impacts on the Earth System and to develop actions to address these significant global issues (Boivin &amp; Crowther, <span>2021</span>; Crutzen, <span>2002</span>). Currently, there is a debate about the benefits of formalising the Anthropocene as a geological unit, and this commentary will examine that debate and consider the key role that geography and geographers play in understanding the Anthropocene.</p><p>The concept of the Great Acceleration was first presented in 2004 and highlighted a range of physical, environmental, and socioeconomic data from 1750 to 2004 presented in a graphical format that encompassed an upward trajectory and focused on a global scale (Steffen et al., <span>2005</span>). Socioeconomic trends included human population, real gross domestic production, foreign direct investment, urban population, primary energy use, fertiliser consumption, large dams, water use, paper production, transportation, telecommunications, and international tourism. Physical environmental (or Earth System) trends included atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, atmospheric nitrous oxide concentrations, atmospheric methane concentrations, stratospheric ozone loss, earth surface temperature, ocean acidification (pH of ocean water), marine fish capture, shrimp aquaculture production, nitrogen coastal zone input, tropical forest loss, percentage of domesticated land, and terrestrial biosphere degradation (mean species loss) (Steffen et al., <span>2005</span>). The 1750 CE date was selected to encompass the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in western Europe, which was thought to be an appropriate starting point.</p><p>However, more recent arguments have put forward the view that the beginning of the Great Acceleration should commence at 1950 CE, when the most rapid increase in many of the indicators are apparent in the original 2004 graphs (Steffen et al., <span>2015</span>). In addition, to capture the different rate of acceleration between developed and developing nations, there have been suggestions that socioeconomic indicators should separate OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emir","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 2","pages":"213-215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why this journal and our partners invest time in webinars","authors":"Elaine Stratford","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12652","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;For this editorial, it was tempting to dwell on how so many people are facing manifold and painful challenges, not least among them expressions of violence, mental and physical anguish, and conflict. But I have long followed the precept “do what you can, with what you have, where you are.” And, of course, much in the world is based in compassion, filled with joy, and supports individual and collective flourishing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Geographical Research&lt;/i&gt; is a collaborative effort involving an editorial team, editorial board, authors, and readers; our Wiley publisher; and the Institute of Australian Geographers (IAG). The journal itself is one expression of that effort. Our webinars are another, and we have now logged 15 of those over time. I want to focus on those webinars here. They were, and remain, organised by a small working group from each of the aforesaid partners, and members of that group shoulder the different responsibilities that attend organisation, hosting, production, and promotion. We began in November 2021 with a keynote-style presentation from Lauren Rickards that built on her Wiley lecture at the IAG conference that year, when the pandemic’s effects were still strongly evident. We then decided to trial a “calendar” of offerings over 2022, electing to highlight issues we thought important or showcase special sections that had been or were to be published in the journal. Those sessions were interspersed with occasional keynotes. Among our constituents, interest in the webinars has remained constant, which has been both affirming and energising.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;On that basis, we continued the program in 2023 and recommitted to it for this year. Why? We think that the webinars enliven our collegial life, open spaces of engagement and critical and creative reflection, and can showcase the discipline beyond its boundaries. Anecdotal feedback from those who attend and participate supports our view. But for the webinars to have greater traction, it would be marvellous for more people to know about them and spread the word that the recordings are universally available. We think that they also make for very interesting viewing that can work in teaching, stimulate research discussions, and connect us to colleagues and friends here and elsewhere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, it is useful to remind readers that papers in the journal, journal issues, and those webinars are all accessible on the journal website. Enjoy!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This issue leads with a timely Associate Editor commentary on the geography of the Anthropocene by Patrick Moss (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;, p. 213). In it, he considers the contours of current debates about “the benefits of formalising the Anthropocene as a geological unit,” and contextualises both the Great Acceleration and this new epoch. He also delineates why geography is central to international discussions about how to define, conceptualise, and work with “the Anthropocene,” given that “geographers are focused on space and time, which are core compon","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 2","pages":"210-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taiwan inside-out: Rescaling colonial constructions of Taiwan through a Tayal-focused lens","authors":"Yayut Yi-shiuan Chen,&nbsp;Richard Howitt","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12649","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research deals with issues of Indigeneity and autonomy in Taiwan by notionally turning things inside-out. We aim to contextualise international geopolitics and local polity by considering the <i>Tayal</i> people, one of 16 nationally recognised Indigenous groups living in northern Taiwan. We reject the conventional geopolitical lens of Great Power claims as the only and best way to understand contemporary Taiwan and chooses to refocus and rescale the geopolitical lens. We seek to reconsider Taiwan’s history, geography, and territory by reference to the conceptual lenses that apply to <i>Tayal</i> peoples’ experiences. The research methods employed include geographical fieldwork, literature reviews, and archival studies. The research acknowledges <i>Tayal</i> people’s custodianship over their territory and provides an in-depth discussion on the colonial history and geography of Taiwan. In the process, we unsettle what is taken-for-granted and rescale erasure, violence, and resistance in Indigenous Taiwan. In building a <i>Tayal</i>-centred positionality, we reframe geopolitical dynamics as connections within territories and across boundaries rather than as disputes over deeply contested boundaries. Neither <i>Tayal</i> people nor other Indigenous peoples in Taiwan ever ceded their sovereignty. Regardless of any broader geopolitics shifts, <i>Tayal</i> territory remains just the way it always has—<i>Tayal</i> territory.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 3","pages":"425-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19’s effects on sense of place and pro-environmental behaviour","authors":"Guangzhen Li,&nbsp;Darrick Evensen,&nbsp;Rich Stedman","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>COVID-19 substantially disrupted daily life globally. Human geography and environmental psychology scholars have argued that dramatic shifts in how people used urban environments during the pandemic could have important implications for those studying human–environment relationships and for planners designing urban spaces. Nevertheless, empirical data that examine shifts in human–environment relationships in urban areas during the pandemic are still limited. We explored how COVID-19 influenced sense of place and investigated how sense of place and changes to daily life because of the pandemic affected environmentally friendly behaviours. A case study involved working with 10 interview participants and 302 survey respondents in Wuhan, China—the city where the pandemic started, and which experienced very strict lockdowns. Data collection occurred in June 2021. The results reveal three main findings. First, stronger emotions directed towards the pandemic and heightened pandemic responses positively affected sense of place, with response behaviours including taking disease prevention measures, spending more time with families/friends, and helping others during the crisis. Second, sense of place and behavioural response to the pandemic were both associated with environmentally friendly <i>behaviours</i>, but not with environmentally friendly <i>attitudes</i>. Third, the nation and city, rather than the community level, are the geographic scales most consonant with respondent notions of place; sense of place grew most at these scales during the pandemic. We conclude that contrary to some speculation, sense of place was enhanced during the pandemic, at least in Wuhan. The pandemic also provided an opportunity for behaviour transitions, but not necessarily via changes in sense of place.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 2","pages":"216-232"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140838738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hosting and the normative presence of Christmas in older people’s lives","authors":"Juliana Mansvelt","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the economic and cultural significance of Christmas in many nations, there has been relatively little geographical research on how it shapes people’s socialities, spatialities, and subjectivities. In this paper, practice theory was used to reflect on the materials, meanings, and competencies associated with older people who host the celebration at home, and thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 20 individuals aged 65+ explored participants’ experiences of doing so. Findings reveal that homes’ material forms affect older people’s ability to host, while the ‘stuff’ of Christmas such as decorations, special foods, or gifts shape those homes as festive and welcoming places. Food sourcing and preparation were critical competencies for female participants, and shifting capacities to be a host influenced participants’ sense of autonomy and identity. Regardless of the extent to which participants celebrated Christmas, the meanings of hosting centred on social connection, contribution, and shoring up family. Choosing not to host or being unable to contribute in expected ways at Christmas could signify failure, exclusion, or incapability as an older person, parent, or citizen. Examining these issues in the case study, based in Aotearoa/New Zealand, reveals the existence and effects of the social expectations, norms, and obligations that typify Christmas. More broadly, the study highlights the need for geographers to attend to the ways in which celebrations shape and are shaped by diverse practices, places, and peoples and are assembled, reproduced, and resisted.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 3","pages":"457-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining urban design of stormwater infrastructure in settler-colonial Sydney","authors":"Taylor Coyne","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12645","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12645","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although many might consider the Australian city of Sydney as defined by golden beaches and a glittering harbour, the city actually has an abundance of wetlands—swamps and marshes laid out across the eastern Sydney region. Dramatic transformations of these waterscapes have taken place since 1788, when British colonists landed to form the settlement there. Environmental exploitation has been a key part of settler-colonial projects across the world. Sydney is no different. To contextualise this exploitation, I explore the ways in which a specific water infrastructure system in Sydney—the Tank Stream—has been entangled with, and is emblematic of, settler-colonial politics. I argue that to reimagine futures where such ecologically and culturally damaging infrastructures no longer have a presence in the city requires a nuanced interpretation of both water and history. I suggest that “conventional” stormwater design features emerged from colonial viewings of Sydney’s waterscapes. The transformation of these geographies was imposed on existing water management systems, set within local, First Nations knowledges. Thus, I also consider the Tank Stream as a site with potential to present an anti-colonial hydraulic urban co-design framing. I draw on colonial archival material and field site visits to question the importance that settler-colonial urban design has had in shaping contemporary ways of thinking about watery spaces. I conclude by arguing that the hydro-imperial knowledges must make way for a culturally inclusive urban water design that centres and elevates First Nations design.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"63 2","pages":"260-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"They put me on a train: Assimilation and the Australian railways","authors":"Katie Maher","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12648","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores the involvement of the Australian railways in the forcible removal of Aboriginal children. Focusing on the visions and voices of Aboriginal peoples who were taken away from their families by train, the article considers how railways were used in the attempted assimilation of First Nations peoples into White society. <i>The last train ride</i>, an artwork by South Australian Yankunytjatjara artist and Stolen Generations survivor Kunyi McInerney, serves as a point of departure to study how the settler colonial infrastructure of rail operationalised the Australian government policies of assimilation. I ask how railway infrastructures have affected Aboriginal peoples and how Aboriginal peoples have responded to railway infrastructures. In centring the artworks and narratives of Aboriginal people taken away by train, I extend an invitation to readers to rethink geography through the visual expressions and stories of First Nations peoples. Close attention to the perspectives of affected peoples opens possibilities to view infrastructures in a different light. The visions and voices of Aboriginal families impacted by assimilation policies show that the railways played a pivotal role in the separation of Aboriginal children from families and that railway infrastructures have also been sites of resistance to and subversion of assimilation and child removal. Paying careful attention to First Nations voices and visions, the article informs how the Australian railways have been complicit in assimilation policies and how Aboriginal peoples have used the railways to resist and survive such settler colonial projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"63 2","pages":"249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Healthy Ageing/Vulnerable Environment (HAVEN) Index: Measuring neighbourhood age-friendliness","authors":"Danielle Taylor,&nbsp;Olga Theou,&nbsp;Helen Barrie,&nbsp;Jarrod Lange,&nbsp;Suzanne Edwards,&nbsp;David Wilson,&nbsp;Renuka Visvanathan","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12643","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study describes the development and testing of the Healthy Ageing/Vulnerable Environment (HAVEN) Index, a prototype composite spatial index for South Australia that reflects an area’s age-friendliness. The index incorporates over 40 indicator variables across six variable themes: income and employment; education; health and housing; social connectedness; geographic access; and physical environment. Based on the deficit accumulation approach, the modelling uses area-level rather than individual-level data and is compiled through quantitative geospatial methods. Analysis using the HAVEN Index of state-wide mortality data and hospital emergency department (ED) presentations for Central Adelaide found that vulnerable areas were associated with a higher risk of mortality and ED presentation. Comparisons between the HAVEN Index and a widely used national area-level measure of socio-economic differences found that the HAVEN Index compares favourably and provides additional information about local areas, which can inform needs-based approaches to support the reduction of spatial inequalities and the development of age-friendly neighbourhoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 3","pages":"440-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the dilemmas of mutual aid: International student organising in Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Kurt Iveson,&nbsp;Mark Riboldi","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12647","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12647","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2020, thousands of international students found themselves stranded in Sydney, Australia, with the suspension of international travel and closure of borders. While many lost their livelihoods due to lockdowns, the Australian government excluded international students and other temporary visa holders from all forms of income support and disaster relief—resulting in food and housing insecurity and social isolation. This article describes and analyses the forms of mutual aid and support that international students organised to address their situation. In providing an account of their efforts, we consider them as forms of <i>care infrastructure</i> and draw particular attention to the institutional relationships that were involved: interfaces with faith, community and labour organising; confrontations with state agencies and the higher education sector; and institutionalisation into a formalised and state-funded community organising initiative—the Oz International Student Hub. We examine the evolution of these relationships as responses to a series of strategic dilemmas, as students sought simultaneously to care for one another and to confront the forces that produced their precarity and isolation. And we draw out a series of lessons we can learn from their efforts about how mutual aid can avoid the pitfalls of charity and state welfare, while institutionalising more durable political spaces that do not have to be invented anew with each fresh crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 2","pages":"233-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, opportunity, and the ‘third place’: The experiences of Timorese seasonal workers in Australia","authors":"Annie Yuan Cih Wu,&nbsp;George Vamos,&nbsp;Michael Rose","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12640","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12640","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organised, temporary labour migration from the Global South to wealthier countries is a growing and sometimes problematic phenomenon. This article considers Timorese involvement in the Australian Seasonal Workers Program (SWP) in relation to this trend. Drawing primarily on semi-structured interviews and participant observation undertaken among an interconnected group of 50 Timorese seasonal workers across Australia and Timor-Leste between 2016 and 2021, we found that geographical and social isolation and limited leisure all proved challenges while working in Australia. In some cases, it appears that the workers were able to lean upon their own social networks and local churches as a way to mitigate these challenges. We argue that, in considering the welfare of workers in temporary migration programs such as the SWP, it is important to be aware of the role played by informal groups that are formally outside the scheme itself.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"62 3","pages":"416-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12640","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140566071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}