Geographical Research最新文献

{"title":"Fatherlessness, sperm donors and 'so what?' parentage: arguing against the immorality of donor conception through 'world literature'.","authors":"Grace Halden","doi":"10.1136/medhum-2021-012328","DOIUrl":"10.1136/medhum-2021-012328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Is biology and knowing biological ancestral information essential to the construction of identity? Bioethicist James David Velleman believes this is the case and argues that donor gamete conception is immoral because a portion of genetic heritage will be unknown. Velleman is critical of sperm donation and the absence of a biological father in donor-assisted families. His bioethical work, specifically the 2005 article 'Family History', is oft-cited in articles debating the ethics surrounding gamete donations and diverse family formations. However, I wonder to what extent Velleman's ethical stance is exhibited in contemporary culture? Velleman suggests that innate knowledge of bio-superiority helps readers and audiences appreciate the importance of biological family structures in literature and film; he says, 'When people deny the importance of biological ties, I wonder how they can read world literature with any comprehension' (2005, 369). Velleman understands the stories of Oedipus, Moses, Telemachus and Luke Skywalker as demonstrating a universal cultural comprehension that genetics are essential to identity construction. I adopt Velleman's list of stories and ask if they really can support an antidonation sentiment and suggest that most of the stories actually support diverse family structures. By exploring the significance of story-telling in cultural understandings of family and identity, it is possible to identify the ways in which story-telling can impact how society negotiates complex issues such as assisted reproduction, donor conception and donor industry regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"54 1","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9691809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85187776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"60th anniversary virtual issue","authors":"Elaine Stratford","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12574","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12574","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our anniversary editorial celebrates 60 years of the journal and presents 60 papers, all of them in one virtual issue. We lead with a long commentary on the decadal plan for geography outlined by Steve Turton and Alaric Maude and invite reflection on progress. That crucial agenda paper is followed by editorials from three of our ten virtual issues—these on bushfires, biogeographies, and the inaugural Festschrift for Ruth Fincher. We also feature one of our Antipodean Perspective essays by David Bissell on COVID-19. Thereafter, there are 54 articles from volumes 51 to 60 for readers to engage with. As we launch this celebratory issue, we also flag important changes to the journal: a vibrant new cover; a font change to account for neurodiverse accessibility needs, and a commitment by us to more in the way of webinars, fascinating new papers, and social media engagements. Please enjoy. Photo by Adi Goldstein.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45146473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community resistance and the role of justice in shale gas development in the United Kingdom","authors":"Meg Sherval","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12575","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12575","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global energy policies embracing a transition to unconventional oil and gas development are hallmarks of many developed nations. Among these, the United Kingdom has framed the development of shale gas as one means to transition from high-carbon fossil-fuel consumption to low-carbon alternatives. Yet the introduction of this industry and recent legislation associated with it have not been without controversy. Communities throughout the United Kingdom are engaged in sustained debates concerning climate change, health, the scale of extraction footprints, securitisation, and governance. Places such as Kirby Misperton, the focus of this article, are representative of many villages where questions abound about the role of justice at all stages and scales of governmental decision-making. Using a legal geographic lens, this article examines narratives among local residents who are actively resisting the arrival of unconventional gas. I consider how the relationships between and among energy transition, policy, and justice have been interpreted by communities and argue for inequity and risk to be addressed in more transparent ways. I contend that highlighting counter-narratives remains essential if powerful arguments by governments and others are to be negated. Fundamentally, true justice can only prevail when all stakeholders are considered legitimate and their opinions valid.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 2","pages":"222-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41551563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal geographies and ecological invisibility: The environmental myopia of evidence","authors":"John Carr","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12572","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study shows how legal evidentiary rules intended to make trials fair also enable biodiversity loss, even in courts charged with environmental protection. The common law is premised on two types of rules. The first, substantive laws, set rules for how society should function—obstructing and punishing some behaviours while enabling and rewarding others. In contrast, procedural laws are intended to level the playing field when there is a dispute over substantive rules during litigation. This case study concerns a routine environmental dispute over land development in Sydney, Australia. It demonstrates how, by enabling courts to determine what evidence will and will not be considered, procedural rules and practices drive substantive outcomes by rendering certain places, dynamics, and connections visible and capable of judicial action while obscuring others. Specifically, the court’s efforts to use evidentiary tools to make litigation more efficient drove substantive outcomes in two ways. First, work to narrow evidence to address factual disputes also narrowed the court’s geographic scale of analysis to the property boundaries of the site, thus obscuring broader threats to a critically endangered ecological community. Second, these procedural evidentiary decisions drove substantive outcomes undermining biodiversity protection, while concealing their inherently substantive nature. Combined with the tendency of the court to use procedural informality to promote compromise between the parties, and a broader juridical treatment of intact ecological communities as species that can largely be moved at will, the evidentiary rules enabled an environmentally focused court to enable the victory of development over species protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 2","pages":"207-221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46289986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between coastal proximity and children’s mental health in Australia","authors":"Laura H. Oostenbach,&nbsp;Jennifer Noall,&nbsp;Karen E. Lamb,&nbsp;Amber L. Pearson,&nbsp;Suzanne Mavoa,&nbsp;Lukar E. Thornton","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12576","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12576","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited research has explored associations between blue spaces and mental health, specifically in children. This study assessed links between coastal proximity and depression and anxiety among children in Australia and tested whether duration of residency at current address moderated associations. It also explored associations between within-individual changes in coastal proximity and changes in depression and anxiety. Data were from 2400 children aged 11–12 years in Wave 5 (2012) and aged 14–15 years in Wave 6 (2014) of the national Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Outcomes were children’s self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Exposure was coastal proximity (&lt;2, 2–&lt;5, 5–&lt;10, 10–&lt;20, 20–&lt;50, and ≥50 km). Linear models were fitted to examine cross-sectional associations and fixed effects models for within-individual associations. After adjustment for potential confounders, findings suggested that those living close to the coast (&lt;2 km) had lower levels of depression than those living the furthest from the coast (≥50 km) during childhood (Wave 5) but not adolescence (Wave 6). No associations were observed with anxiety. There was weak evidence to suggest residency duration moderated associations. No associations were observed for within-individual changes. Further research is needed to understand whether and what characteristics of coastal environments may benefit children’s mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 2","pages":"248-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46423053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Island settings and their influence on geographical research methods","authors":"Karl Agius","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12571","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12571","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents lessons learned from the application of mixed methods during three field visits to central Mediterranean islands over an eight-year period to learn about and from visitors who voluntarily paid to experience ecotourism. The study outlines various challenges encountered in research in small island settings. Such challenges include logistical difficulties to reach islands, including those originating from weather conditions, difficulty in practising observation in small communities, sampling dilemmas, different levels of trust and willingness to disclose views among interview participants, lack of standardised data, language barriers that may limit who conducts research on specific islands, and substantial fluctuations in population size throughout the year. Findings show that the choice and application of methods for island research need to be informed by island dynamics; this entails adapting methods and using different data collection techniques to mitigate challenges arising from island settings. The study also outlines the need of more research in the application of mixed methods when studying islands.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamics and livelihood implications of illegal mining in Ghana: A critical assessment","authors":"Kwadwo Afriyie,&nbsp;Kabila Abass,&nbsp;Foster Frempong,&nbsp;Beatrice Arthur,&nbsp;Razak M Gyasi","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12573","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Discourses on “illegal” or informal small-scale mining (<i>galamsey</i>) have presented it largely as a menace. Using Ghana as the focus of our study, we present a counter-narrative to the predominant discourse. Employing qualitative in-depth interviews with 193 local <i>galamsey</i> operators, the study found that economic factors coupled with the combative posture of state regulatory agencies explain the persistence of illegal activity. Although <i>galamsey</i> is not problem-free, the study revealed it is the livelihood support base of such communities, providing jobs and incomes to many households. Since mineral-rich local communities, at least, in part, depend on <i>galamsey</i>, the state and its regulatory agencies could collaboratively work with local agencies and mineral-rich communities to fully exploit the hidden treasures in <i>galamsey</i> while reducing the proximate negative effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"32-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46741997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Festschrift initiative: Celebrating Distinguished Professor Jamie Kirkpatrick AM","authors":"Stephen M. Turton","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12570","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This Festschrift celebrates the distinguished 52-year academic career of Jamie Kirkpatrick. All thirteen publications by Kirkpatrick in Geographical Research are curated as a virtual issue. Following a consultation process, six papers are highlighted in more detail. These were published from volume 13 to the latest volume. Kirkpatrick's research activities over the past five decades can be broadly sequenced into nine subject areas: (1) eucalypt genecology; (2) bush remnants in cities; (3) biogeography; (4) plant community survey and conservation planning; (5) fire ecology and management; (6) rare species ecology and management; (7) the politics of environment; (8) the socioecology of conservation in rural areas and gardens; and (9) biogeomorphology. His many publications and wide participation in public processes have, according to his own assessment, been a mixture of effective in changing the world, prescient, and wrong.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42573536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social media reconstructions of urban identity during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ning An,&nbsp;Qixin Yu,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12569","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected people in urban areas. This article reports on a comparative empirical study of the pandemic in Guangzhou and Xi’an in 2021 and analyses how residents responded to social media during the crisis. Using Baidu’s hot search time machine to search for hot topics related to the spread of disease during each outbreak of COVID-19, we collected 35 and 41 hashtags for Guangzhou’s and Xi’an’s epidemics, respectively. Based on a thematic analysis of those hashtags, we considered how residents reconstructed expressions of urban identity in both cities. We found that China’s unique official accountability system in local anti-epidemic practices led to stricter forms of top-down urban governance and that urban residents deployed forms of bottom-up agency in response. Our work provides a refined agenda for geographers and other social scientists to examine the interconnections among urban resilience, urban social responses to major public crises, and urban culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"61 1","pages":"71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42860600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing the archive for research and learning and teaching in geography","authors":"Elaine Stratford","doi":"10.1111/1745-5871.12568","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1745-5871.12568","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;I have been thinking a lot about the efforts individuals and organisations go to so that archival resources are collected, catalogued, shared, and analysed and their insights then disseminated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some of my thinking pertains to the fact that at least 140 articles in this journal draw on rich sources of archival data. For example, writing about school retention in Melbourne between 1951 and 1985, Teese (&lt;span&gt;1987&lt;/span&gt;) drew on the Archive of Pupil Statistics of Victorian Departmental Post-Primary Schools (1946–1985), Department of Education, housed at the University of Melbourne. His argument that structural and socio-spatial inequities in educational attainment were entrenched remains salient (and see Smith et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). What would revisiting the archives with the benefits of additional data and QGIS capabilities now reveal? Or, for instance, in work on processional walking, Louise Platt and colleagues considered archives spanning two centuries related to the Manchester and Salford Whit Walks in the United Kingdom. Combined with interviews and observations in the present, that archival work enabled them to draw several “empirical insights into how dwelling emerges from a movement through place which, in turn, cements a being in place” (Platt et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;, p. 106). In a decade, how might one revisit work such as theirs to consider what, by then, would be a new archive of newspaper articles about the impact of COVID-19 on such events or on walking practices more generally? These are but two instances of archival work in the journal, but they show how our authors engage with rich sources of data and information available to us.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some of my thinking on the value of the archive is oriented to my own projects, in which historico-geographical resources have often been central—and that goes right back to my doctoral years and the influence of Michel Foucault (&lt;span&gt;1986&lt;/span&gt;, p. 23), who pronounced that “the anxiety of our era has to do fundamentally with space.” In doing so, he acknowledged all manner of quotidian domains that might be sites for such angst. His own focus, however, was upon those spaces that “have the curious property of being in relation with all the other sites … as counter-sites … in which all the other real sites that can be found within the culture, are simultaneously represented, contested, and inverted … heterotopias” (p. 24).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Again, by way of example, in my current work on the geographies of drowning and the drowned, I regularly “enter” the archive, a heterotopian space, and in it can find references to all manner of outstanding resources. Take the Hive, a convict ship built at Deptford in the United Kingdom in 1820. Working remotely, I can learn that in 1834, it sailed for Australia with 250 male convicts aboard and can establish that it foundered on the New South Wales coast on 10 December 1835 and that convicts and crew were rescued by both Indigenous people and colonisers and ","PeriodicalId":47233,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Research","volume":"60 4","pages":"518-520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1745-5871.12568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46502758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}