Applied Nanoscience最新文献

{"title":"Formulation of topical nano lipidic carrier gel encapsulating Gabapentin to combat peripheral neuropathic pain","authors":"Parnika Vasudeva,&nbsp;Shama Parveen,&nbsp;Ahsan Ali,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Ayesha Siddiqui,&nbsp;Uzma Farooq,&nbsp;Pooja Jain,&nbsp;Mohd. Aamir Mirza,&nbsp;Zeenat Iqbal","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03157-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03157-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present research focuses on the design, fabrication and optimization of NLC gel for topical delivery of Gabapentin for management of peripheral neuropathic pain. Particle size, zeta-potential, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release were the NLC characteristics initially established and optimized by means of quality by design. The optimized NLC formulation was a moderately polydisperse system (PDI = 0.331) with an average size of 144.4 nm and with zeta potential − 27.2 mV. After that, the 1% NLC gel was formulated using Carbopol 934 and exhibited an excellent homogeneity, spreadabilty, pH and extrudability. From the optimized NLC gel, 96.88 ± 0.02% drug was found to be released in in-vitro study after 6 h and follows the Higuchi drug release kinetics model. In an in-vivo study, wistar rats were treated with chronic constriction injury (CCI) that resulted in partial sciatic nerve denervation. The rats were treated with the developed NLC Gel, and the results showed promise in terms of heat sensitivity assessment like Tail-immersion test and Hot Plate test. In conclusion, Gabapentin containing NLC gel can be a better alternative to oral formulations and can be further explored for peripheral neuropathic pain.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial applications of bismuth nanoparticle–chitosan composites","authors":"Memoona Khalil,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Shabnam Javed,&nbsp;Amna Shoaib,&nbsp;Muhammad Mujtaba","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03168-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03168-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The integration of nanomaterials with green chemistry has emerged as a rapidly growing and safe approach, replacing conventional, toxic synthesis methods and establishing new standards across scientific research. In the present work, novel bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) were synthesized using a green route, employing the leaf extract of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> as both a reducing and stabilizing agent, followed by the formation of bismuth nanoparticle–chitosan (BiNPs–CS) composites. UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm the biosynthesis of BiNPs and BiNPs-CS, as well as the interaction between BiNPs and chitosan. Both XRD and direct size measurement using dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed that the average size of the nanoparticles in the composites remained approximately 15 nm. Based on the recovered dried product from synthesis repeated in triplicate, the average yield of synthesized BiNPs-CS was found to be 79% with a standard deviation of 1.7%, and the reaction exhibited an overall good reproducibility. Antimicrobial activity of the designed BiNPs–CS composites was evaluated against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) using the well diffusion method, which reflected their strong antimicrobial potential as inhibition zones of up to 17 mm were recorded with a 40 µg/mL BiNPs–CS composites solution. These findings delineated a simple, eco-friendly mechanism for the synthesis of metal-based nanocomposites with potential biomedical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing cortisol sensor performance using a heterobifunctional cross-linker with a flexible spacer arm","authors":"Parveen,&nbsp;Inderpreet Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03146-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03146-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In today’s technology-driven, fast-paced lifestyle, stress has increasingly become an inevitable part of daily life. This has led to numerous physiological and psychological challenges for the medical research fraternity. Therefore, there is a pressing need for accurate and precise biochemical profiling of stress-signaling hormonal fluctuations. Among these biomarkers, cortisol, a steroid hormone closely linked to stress, and nanosensors for cortisol have been widely reported. In this work, A graphene-based electrode sensor was developed for the selective detection of cortisol, utilizing two distinct cross-linking chemistries: the conventional zero-length EDC–NHS linker and the bifunctional N-k-maleimidoundecanoyl-oxysulfosuccinimide ester (SKMUS), which features a 16.3 Å hydrocarbon spacer arm. The study aimed to investigate the effect of linker length and architecture on the surface accessibility and functional activity of a cortisol-specific aptamer. The surface coverage of SKMUS on the graphene oxide-modified screen-printed electrode (GO-SPE) and the aptamer density immobilized via SKMUS chemistry, when compared with that of EDC-NHS chemistry, provided insights into the steric effects and the role of linker length on the sensitivity of cortisol sensing. Furthermore, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provided a detailed, stepwise surface analysis throughout the sensor fabrication process. The results indicated that SKMUS facilitated a more uniform and flexible aptamer orientation due to its optimal spacer length, enhancing target accessibility and recognition efficiency. High specificity was ensured by a 14-mer, high-affinity, rationally truncated aptamer (derived from the 61-mer parent sequence) that minimized cross-reactivity with structural analogues of cortisol. These enhancements in sensitivity, achieved through cross-linking chemistry, can enable early diagnosis, improved monitoring, and preventive therapeutics, paving the way for more effective stress management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of zero-dimensional composite nanomaterials and their application in biodiesel wastewater treatment","authors":"Yundong Wu,&nbsp;Xuli Guo","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03154-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03154-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of biodiesel generates high concentration, refractory wastewater, posing serious environmental challenges. Traditional treatment methods suffer from low efficiency and a tendency to cause secondary pollution, highlighting the urgent need for the development of efficient and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment technologies. In the current study, a zero-dimensional composite nanomaterial of magnetic iron oxide supported on nano-zero-valent iron (Fe₃O₄–nZVI) was successfully prepared via co-precipitation and liquid-phase reduction to overcome the problems of the conventional pathways. Different characterizations handled to confirm the morphology, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the synthesized material. Its removal performance for both dissolved and emulsified oils in biodiesel wastewater was investigated. The obtained Fe₃O₄–nZVI composite exhibited a uniform spherical structure, good crystallinity, and a saturation magnetization of 105.5 emu/g, demonstrating excellent magnetic separation performance. The high removal efficiency of oily pollutants was attributed to multiple synergistic mechanisms: high-surface-area adsorption by nZVI and magnetic support, reductive degradation by nZVI, rapid solid-liquid separation enabled by magnetic recovery, and particularly the synergistic effect between Fe₃O₄ and nZVI, which significantly enhanced the material’s stability and reactivity. Under optimal conditions (dosage: 0.5 g/L, pH: 9, temperature: 25 °C, reaction time: 90 min), removal rates for dissolved oil and emulsified oil reached 90.6% and 88.6%, respectively. Compared to conventional adsorbents and unsupported nZVI ones, our composite demonstrated superior removal efficiency and cycling stability. The innovation of this work lied in constructing the Fe₃O₄–nZVI composite system, which effectively addressed the issues of aggregation and oxidation inherent to nZVI, thereby improving its dispersibility, reactivity, and recoverability in complex wastewater systems. The results indicated that the synthesized nanocomposite material held strong potential and practical prospects for the efficient treatment of high-concentration biodiesel wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured zeolite-based composite incorporating biowaste-derived CaO and SiO2 for sustainable cementitious applications","authors":"Rutigadius R. Benedicto,&nbsp;Ginena B. Shombe,&nbsp;Nyemaga M. Malima,&nbsp;Makungu M. Madirisha","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03169-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03169-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although individual nanomaterials have been extensively investigated to enhance the performance of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) systems, limited attention has been given to nanostructured composites. In this study, a zeolite/CaO/SiO₂ nanocomposite (ZCS) was synthesized to improve the performance of PPC pastes. Nano-CaO and nano-SiO₂ were derived from eggshells and corncobs, respectively, via the sol-gel method, while zeolite was obtained from clinoptilolite. The ZCS composite was prepared using an ex-situ sol-gel method, exhibiting a CaO/SiO₂ ratio of ~ 2, mesoporous structure, and a BET surface area of 358.37 m²/g. Optimal workability and compressive strength of the cement paste were achieved at 3% and 1% ZCS, respectively. The 1% ZCS paste demonstrated reduced porosity, lower water absorption, and enhanced resistance to chemical attack. SEM analysis indicated the formation of compact microstructures with fewer pores in 1% ZCS paste (P_1.0) compared to the conventional paste (P_0.0) without ZCS. These results demonstrate the potential of ZCS as a sustainable and effective supplementary cementitious material for enhancing PPC systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wearable MEMS sensor using GPDL-PDMS composite porous dielectric layer for non-invasive arterial pulse wave monitoring","authors":"Parameshwari Ramar,&nbsp;Thirumalaiselvi Rayappan,&nbsp;Sreeja Balakrishnapillai Suseela,&nbsp;Mythily Vedhagiri","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03165-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03165-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Continuous and non-invasive monitoring of arterial pressure is critically important for early detection and management of cardiovascular disorders, as it provides vital insights into blood pressure variations, arterial stiffness, and vascular aging. However, achieving accurate and sensitive measurement of subtle arterial pulse signals under low-pressure physiological conditions remains a significant challenge. This study aims to develop a flexible, wearable capacitive pressure sensor capable of reliably capturing arterial pulse signals at the radial artery. To address this, a capacitive MEMS sensor incorporating a novel graphite–polydimethylsiloxane porous dielectric layer (GPDL-PDMS) was designed, fabricated, and characterized. A sacrificial sucrose porogen was employed to create an interconnected porous microstructure within the PDMS matrix, enhancing compressibility and effective dielectric permittivity. Furthermore, the inclusion of graphite fillers improves dielectric response and mechanical sensitivity, enabling precise detection within the low-pressure range of 0–10 kPa. The developed sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, particularly below 5 kPa, making it highly suitable for physiological monitoring. When deployed over the radial artery, it successfully captures arterial pulse waveforms with a clear distinction between systolic and diastolic peaks, facilitating the extraction of key cardiovascular parameters such as pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Overall, the proposed sensor, combining low-cost materials, simple fabrication, and enhanced sensitivity, presents a promising platform for next-generation wearable systems for continuous, real-time cardiovascular monitoring and early-stage diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of thermal radiation and suction on heat and mass transfer enhancement in darcy–forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface","authors":"Muhammad Umar Farooq","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03170-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03170-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a numerical analysis of steady Darcy–Forchheimer hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface, considering the influences of thermal radiation and motile microorganisms. A hybrid nanofluid created from GO and MoS₂ nanoparticles in water (H2O) as the base fluid is employed in the analysis. Hybrid nanofluids are widely utilized in various fields such as heat exchangers, cooling systems, biomedical instruments, and agricultural applications. The governing model consists of nonlinear PDEs that apply appropriate similarity transformations to become a dimensionless system of ODEs. A three-stage Lobatto approach in MATLAB is employed to numerically solve the resulting solution. The model further investigates the dynamic roles of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Both graphical and numerical illustrations of the deviations in velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microbe distributions instigated by involving physical parameters. In the primary component of velocity of fluid deduction and enhance in the secondary component of velocity of fluid. The growing in thermal profile when growth in suction and radiation parameters. When growth in Brownian motion parameter then declined the concentration profile but boost against thermophoresis. Also, the profile of the motile microbe is demonstrated to be reduced by both Lewis number and Peclet number. These results contribute significantly to the advancement of heat transfer efficiency in engineered nanofluids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148172648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuO‑nanofluid cooling PV/T using machine learning under Iraqi climatic conditions","authors":"Mustafa M. Aljumaily,&nbsp;Furqan H.M. Ali,&nbsp;Hasan Jalil Nasr Al Deen Aziz,&nbsp;Hussein H.M. Ali,&nbsp;Mohammed W. Muayad,&nbsp;Afrah T. Awad","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03167-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03167-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems declines significantly under hot climatic conditions because rising cell temperatures reduce electrical conversion efficiency and limit the recovery of useful heat. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CuO/water nanofluid cooling in improving PV/T performance under Iraqi climatic conditions and to assess the capability of machine-learning models to predict system efficiency. A three-dimensional CFD model was developed in ANSYS Fluent for a PV/T system operating under steady laminar flow, with CuO/water nanofluid concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1 vol%. The numerical analysis considered temperature distribution, pressure drop, and thermal-electrical performance. At the same time, Linear Regression, Random Forest, and Decision Tree models were trained using the simulation outputs to predict system efficiencies. The results showed that increasing the CuO nanoparticle concentration improved cooling performance, with the 1 vol% nanofluid exhibiting the best overall performance. In this case, the PV surface temperature decreased from 53.4 °C under uncooled conditions to 41.15 °C, while thermal efficiency reached 68.22%. The pressure drop increased slightly with nanofluid concentration but remained within an acceptable range. The machine-learning models also showed strong predictive capability, with the best model achieving an R² value of 1.00 for overall efficiency prediction. These findings confirm that CuO/water nanofluid is a promising cooling medium for PV/T applications in hot regions and that machine-learning tools can support accurate performance prediction and system optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical simulation of smart nanofluid-enhanced solar thermal systems for energy-efficient and hot climate building","authors":"Tareq H. Abed,&nbsp;Taisir A. Yaseen,&nbsp;Afrah Turki Awad","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03166-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03166-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigation on thermal performance of nanofluid flat-plate solar collector in the severe hot climate. The investigation for experimentally test and numerical modeling is done with Baghdad, Iraq as a representative case. Three working fluids at 1 vol. % were investigated experimentally: Al₂O₃–water (NF1), Y₂O₃–water (NF2) and hybrid Al₂O₃/Y₂O₃–water (NF3). Collector performance was greatly enhanced using nanofluids over water. Under the same conditions, a + 1.2 °C, + 3 °C and + 4 °C raise in outlet temperature (with respect to water) was achieved for NF1, NF2 and NF3, respectively that were related to the improved effective thermal conductivity and heat transfer. The thermal efficiency was also the best for nanofluids in morning to noon time, about 0.50–0.762 which shows ~ 27% improvement in useful heat gain compared to water. A steady-state Hottel–Whillier-based MATLAB/Simulink model was built based on actual hourly NASA POWER climatic data, describing extreme summer conditions (GHI ≈ 1000 W/m2, outside ambient temperature &gt; 42 °C). A good agreement was observed between the experimental and simulation data, with a maximum difference of less than 6.5%. Furthermore, stability tests verified this durability, with hybrid nanofluid presenting the highest stability for one month. All the results indicate that the hybrid nanofluids can provide much better solar collector performance in severe hot-climate operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sunlight and dark conditions on Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from banana peel extract","authors":"Maruf Mia,&nbsp;Rezwanul Islam,&nbsp;Ibrahim Hossain,&nbsp;Sultana Bedoura","doi":"10.1007/s13204-026-03163-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-026-03163-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Champa banana peel extract under sunlight and dark conditions, emphasizing how synthesis environments influence nanoparticle properties and functional performance. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed AgNP formation, showing a sharper absorption peak at 430 nm for sunlight synthesis and a broader, red-shifted peak at 450 nm for dark synthesis, indicating size and aggregation differences. FTIR identified hydroxyl and carbonyl groups as key in Ag⁺ reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. TEM revealed smaller, spherical, well-dispersed AgNPs in sunlight, while dark-synthesized particles were larger and aggregated. AgNP-coated cotton fabrics showed higher values for dark-synthesized samples (1.7 mV) compared to sunlight (1.3 mV), attributed to more continuous nanoparticle networks. Antimicrobial assays showed sunlight-synthesized AgNPs strongly inhibited <i>Escherichia coli</i> (99%), whereas dark-synthesized particles were highly effective against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (99.99%). A key contribution of this work is the systematic comparison of sunlight- and dark-mediated synthesis conditions combined with DFT and TD-DFT calculations using benzoic acid and pyrogallol as model ligands, providing mechanistic insight into Ag⁺ reduction and ligand-to-metal charge transfer processes. These findings demonstrate that synthesis conditions critically tailor AgNP morphology, electronic properties, and functional performance, offering a sustainable strategy for designing antimicrobial coatings and conductive textile-based nanomaterials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147754441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}