{"title":"Unveiling the spatial heterogeneity of public transit resilience during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Xuan Li , Sugie Lee , Chisun Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Even though COVID-19 no longer poses a significant threat to public health, it is crucial to reflect on this large-scale event to design equity and adaptability into services like public transportation systems for cities of the future. The case of Seoul presents a unique opportunity to analyse the pandemic's impact on transit ridership, serving as a natural experiment which is characterized by the implementation of a non-lockdown policy coupled with proactive transit management strategies. This study introduces a resilience index that magnifies the “unaveraged clues” of changes in Origin-Destination (OD) pairs to quantify the spatially unequal response of Seoul public transit use to external shocks from 2020 to 2023. Our findings reveal spatial heterogeneity in the resilience index of OD pairs and the dynamic change of related factors. OD pairs with high resilience during the outbreak were often associated with long-distance and labour-intensive industries, highlighting the need for transit systems to cater to “captive” travellers during the outbreaks. Despite overall ridership recovery in Seoul, factors like car ownership and the diversity of spatial functionality continued to influence patterns, which suggests that transit systems should focus on improving attractiveness to regain lost passengers post-pandemic. These insights are valuable for aligning policy with spatial and temporal dynamics to create equitable and sustainable public transportation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000110/pdfft?md5=2fb0ac45e452163c64240900c0b3948f&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000110-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seung-Nam Kim , Sunwoo Jung , Youngha Joo , Hyungkyoo Kim
{"title":"Air pollution hindering a transit-oriented city: Examining the association of particulate matter concentration with public transit ridership and road traffic in Seoul, South Korea","authors":"Seung-Nam Kim , Sunwoo Jung , Youngha Joo , Hyungkyoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In high-density metropolitan areas prone to air pollution, public transit may be less preferred when air quality is poor due to the difficulty of avoiding outdoor air exposure during their use. By applying seemingly unrelated regression models, we examined the association of particulate matter (PM) with both public transit ridership and, as an alternative to sharing vehicular traffic demands, private car road traffic in Seoul from 2015 to 2018. To control for fluctuations in ridership and road traffic associated with seasonalities such as the day of the week, we used nine-term moving averages transformed into residual form. Results show that higher PM concentration was negatively associated with not only transit ridership, but also road traffic volume and congestion level; yet, the reduction in subway ridership was found to be larger than that in road traffic. This suggests that (1) when PM concentration is severe, people could reduce overall travel rather than change travel modes from public transit to private cars, thus implying that both modes are complementary rather than substitutionary in terms of responding to air pollution; and (2) public transit still seems more susceptible to air pollution than private cars. The findings help us understand the adverse effects of air pollution on public transit use as well as better predict and respond to demand for public transit in poor atmospheric conditions, thereby providing future policy directions for sustainable transportation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical review of analytical approaches in public bus transit network design and operations planning with focus on emerging technologies and sustainability","authors":"Reza Mahmoudi, Saeid Saidi, S.C. Wirasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Public Bus Transit Network Design and Operations Planning Problem (PBTNDOPP) is a complex transportation problem. Analytical approaches are one of the key approaches to studying this problem, often leading to optimal or near-optimal solutions with reduced computational complexity compared to mathematical programming. This article leverages the Critical Path Method (CPM) to visualize the historical applications of analytical approaches in PBTNDOPP. Then, it reviews the applications of these approaches to some of the recently emerged sub-problems identified via CPM, i.e., sustainable public bus transit network design and introducing emerging transportation technologies to these systems. Our review aims to shed light on the current state of the literature and its future direction in the selected sub-problems by analyzing published studies in the last decade from various angles, such as the problems investigated, modeling methods, decision variables, network structures, and findings. The review shows that the existing body of literature on the application of analytical approaches to the selected problems is immature and at an early stage of development. For example, most of the studies on sustainable PBTNDPPP have not included all dimensions of sustainability and have only focused on environmental sustainability, while considering social criteria such as fairness and equity in PBTNDOPP is crucial for designing a sustainable PBTS. Another important gap is related to hybrid methods based on analytical approaches that take realistic assumptions and uncertainty in various problem parameters and variables into account.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000201/pdfft?md5=402e97c87aabd0bba9598e72a9cac113&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000201-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedetto Barabino , Martina Carra , Graham Currie
{"title":"Fare inspection in proof-of-payment transit networks: A review","authors":"Benedetto Barabino , Martina Carra , Graham Currie","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In proof-of-payment transit systems worldwide, fare inspection is the most widely adopted strategy against fare evasion from transit authorities and public transport companies. Although these actors attempt to make the inspectors’ work as easy, effective, and equitable as possible, several issues need to be analysed according to a unifying approach, i.e., “<em>How, where and when to inspect</em>”, “<em>Who and why evades the fare</em>”, “<em>How many and how to distribute inspectors</em>” as well as improve the <em>inspectors’ effectiveness</em>. Since no study exists in the literature investigating all these issues together, this paper aims to fill this gap with a review of several key papers that covered the full spectrum of relevant literature which, whole or partially, focused on fare inspection. Results show fare inspection is a beneficial strategy against fare evasion, but there are still many challenges and research limits that should be overcome in the years ahead. A possible research agenda is provided. It calls for specific options (i.e., data collection and fare evasion risk in hotspot definition, digital support and bottom-up approaches, size of inspection staff and scheduling of inspectors under realistic conditions and follower responses, effectiveness of actions focused on the visibility of fare inspection, managing interactions between fare inspectors and passengers) and integrated approaches (i.e., linking the planning, organisation, and activities of fare inspection with who and why evade). Nevertheless, even if this review may not be conclusive, these results support a unifying literature development on fare inspection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000213/pdfft?md5=9ac4b8c78068bdfe3744482c68d4aa66&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A microscopic public transportation simulation framework based on machine learning","authors":"Younes Delhoum, Olivier Cardin, Maroua Nouiri, Mounira Harzallah","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evaluation of performance of public transportation, such as bus lines for example, is a major issue for operators. To be able to integrate specific and local behaviors, microscopic simulations of the lines, modelling each buses on a daily basis, brings an actual added value in terms of precision and quality. A scientific deadlock then appears regarding the parameterization of the simulation model. In order to be able to gather relevant performance indicators on a potential evolution of the configuration of the line, validated and modifiable simulation models need to be developed. This study aims at proposing a model development methodology based on a multi-agent simulation framework and data inputs extracted by a hybrid approach combining machine learning (ML) trained on actual bus data to predict travel times and probabilistic distributions to accurately estimate travel time variability. It also aims to propose a two-step validation framework that exhibits the performance of the obtained model on a case study based on actual data. The results of the proposed approach are validated by a real case study of three bus lines, including a number of simulation scenarios, to study the impacts of bus recovery time and bus control strategies on bus punctuality. The results obtained show that proposed hybrid approach combining ML with probabilistic distributions outperforms probabilistic distributions on average. Overall, the results show a good fit with the actual Key Performance Indicator (KPI) used by bus operators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000237/pdfft?md5=630ba878b71d2d596c5526c9f9dbbf8e&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000237-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"University students’ adoption of mobility as a service with respect to user preferences and group differences","authors":"Willy Kriswardhana , Domokos Esztergár-Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mobility as a Service (MaaS) integrates various transport modes into a single comprehensive service; thus, decrease in the inconvenience of using multiple mobility services is expected. This research focuses on the students of Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) and aims to complete a background study on MaaS, which offers a vision of how future MaaS studies could be designed and conducted. The research work investigates the influencing factors in BME students’ acceptance of MaaS. The preferences are categorized into two groups based on the travel captivity and the usage of shared mobility services. An online survey was conducted where a total of ca. 700 valid responses were collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to examine the causal relationship between the variables. This study identifies effort expectancy as the most influential factor that affects BME students’ behavioral intention to adopt MaaS. On the other hand, there is no significant effect of group differences on the students’ MaaS acceptance, except for individual innovation for travel captivity and tech-savviness regarding the usage of shared mobility. Conducting MaaS studies with samples obtained from the general population is advised thus resolving the generalizability issue of current research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X23000401/pdfft?md5=64615c22fb66888f1e16617618241968&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X23000401-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monika Maciejewska , Kobe Boussauw , Wojciech Kębłowski , Veronique Van Acker
{"title":"Assessing public transport loyalty in a car-dominated society: The case of Luxembourg","authors":"Monika Maciejewska , Kobe Boussauw , Wojciech Kębłowski , Veronique Van Acker","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Public transport (PT) systems face the challenge of retaining users and preventing a shift towards individual transport modes. While satisfaction is recognized as a key factor in user loyalty, there is a need to understand the specific PT attributes that contribute to passenger satisfaction and foster loyalty. This study aims to assess the impact of PT service attributes on user loyalty, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Data from an online survey conducted in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, a country with high car dependency, were analysed using logistic regression models. The findings highlight the importance of attributes such as reliable service, in-vehicle travel time, number of transfers, and feeling safe, while also identifying differences in attribute importance between bus and train loyalty. The study provides valuable insights for transport agencies and policymakers to enhance user loyalty and develop effective ridership retention strategies. These findings are particularly relevant in the post-pandemic scenario and can contribute to addressing car dependency challenges in diverse metropolitan areas. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to improve PT services based on the identified attributes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49773262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A data driven approach to update public transport service elasticities","authors":"Howard Wong , Menno Yap","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the passenger demand impacts of public transport service changes is a fundamental aspect of transport planning. The main objective of this study is to derive an updated Generalised Journey Time (GJT) elasticity for urban and metropolitan public transport networks, by applying a revealed preference approach using individual passenger journey data. Based on more than 25 million empirical journeys subject to 9 different service interventions within the Greater London area, we find an average GJT elasticity of −0.61. The value implies that for every 1% increase in generalised journey time, on average public transport demand is expected to reduce by 0.61%, and vice versa. We also find that the demand response to service changes is most elastic during the midday period between the peak hours and most inelastic during the AM peak and early morning, possibly caused by a higher share of mandatory journeys. Our study results confirm the existence of a build-up rate from the initial short-run elasticity to a somewhat stronger longer-run elasticity. Besides, we find that at least within the short- and medium-term demand is more elastic to service degradations compared to service improvements. Our findings imply that it requires more time for demand to increase in response to a service quality improvement, compared to demand to decrease after a service quality reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49814333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enriching smart card data with the trip purpose attribute","authors":"Hamed Faroqi , Alireza Saadatmand , Mahmoud Mesbah , Ali Khodaii","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Planning public transport highly relies on the availability, quantity and quality of travel demand data of passengers. In the last two decades, smart card data has provided the opportunity to create comprehensive travel demand data as a byproduct of a fare-collecting system. One important attribute for the planning is the purpose of the trips, which is missing from the smart card data. This research study proposes and formulates a novel method to infer trip purpose in smart card data. Previous methods either lack the concept of trip chains or did not consider both spatial and temporal perspectives of a trip. Firstly, this method discovers relations between the sequence and temporal attributes of trips with their trip purpose attribute by running a clustering method on a rich travel survey dataset (This study only uses public transit records.) that contains all attributes. Secondly, the discovered clusters are labelled and transferred to the smart card data by calculating the closeness of the trip chain of each individual in the smart card data to the clusters. Thirdly, the proportion of relevant land use types near the destination of each trip is utilized to enhance the previously calculated closeness. The proposed method is implemented on datasets from South East Queensland, Australia. Also, two recently published methods were replicated and run on the same datasets to evaluate the proposed method. The results show improvements in the proposed method compared to the existing methods of the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X23000334/pdfft?md5=61860a369b35f3a5f3a7f022e6ab5378&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X23000334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91958348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Would you switch? Understanding intra-peak demand shifting among rail commuters","authors":"Katharina Burger , Elisa Becker , Raffaello Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines predictors of railway commuters' changes to departure time choice. Specifically, we sought to understand the impact of pre-departure information about in-carriage crowding on train choice behavior. We present the results of an online experiment, multiple-choice task, and a survey of UK rail commuters who regularly travel on crowded trains. Our findings show that most respondents are highly sensitive to crowding on trains. That notwithstanding, we identify a group of commuters who are free from constraints but do not use their flexibility to switch. This finding leads us to suggest further research into the decision-making processes of this specific sub-group of passengers to maximize the potential of personalized real-time and predictive provision of crowdedness information. Our study contributes insights relevant to practitioners grappling with innovative information provision to encourage operationally desirable behavior change among regular commuters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X23000346/pdfft?md5=5367bd4cd59aea18547c9414886b7906&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X23000346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92019146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}