Journal of Public Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Bus stop spacing statistics: Theory and evidence","authors":"Saipraneeth Devunuri ,&nbsp;Lewis J. Lehe ,&nbsp;Shirin Qiam ,&nbsp;Ayush Pandey ,&nbsp;Dana Monzer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discussions of bus stop consolidation sometimes refer to average stop spacings, but there are no reliable statistics about spacings, nor methodologies for calculating them. This paper aims to clarify discussions of bus stop spacings by introducing clear definitions, a methodology for creating statistics from General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) files, and a python package, gtfs-segments, which splits bus networks into isolated ‘segments.’ With the package, we calculate national-level statistics from 539 US transit providers and 83 Canadian providers, as well as agency-level statistics for 30 providers in the US, 10 in Canada, and a sample of 38 providers from other countries. Our estimates of US and Canadian mean spacings are both around 350 m (slightly wider than five stops per mile). US spacings are wider than sometimes claimed but narrower than those in other countries. Finally, the paper gives examples of metrics created by combining GTFS with data from other sources and proposes research ideas and applications to transit planning involving fine-grained stop spacing data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000031/pdfft?md5=ee2ee2ba27bcfce78d2065156e18a85b&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does fare-free transit increase labor-force participation and reduce income inequality?","authors":"Kenneth Ofosu-Kwabe ,&nbsp;Siew Hoon Lim ,&nbsp;Narendra Malalgoda","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fare-free transit policy is not new to several public transit systems and communities in the U.S., as some local transit agencies have begun implementing fare-free transit policies or variations of them since the 1960s. Over time, the discussion regarding fare-free transit has been reignited by decreasing ridership trends in recent years and other thematic inquiries surrounding access, mobility and equity, operational efficiency, agency financial health, and community impacts. This research empirically investigates the effects of fare-free policy on transit ridership, labor force participation and income inequality. Using panel data regression models, we draw several conclusions: 1) Fare-free transit significantly increases ridership. 2) Fare-free transit neither significantly increases labor force participation rate nor reduces income inequality in small and medium-sized urbans. 3) Fare policy aside, external factors such as increased household income and work-from-home significantly reduce the demand for transit in small-urbanized areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000158/pdfft?md5=b6d101a0cefba2158003faed3140e6eb&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating public a priori acceptance of autonomous modular transit using an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model","authors":"Sina Rejali ,&nbsp;Kayvan Aghabayk ,&nbsp;Amin Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Nirajan Shiwakoti","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to assess the public acceptance of Autonomous Modular Transit (AMT) and identify key factors influencing people’s intentions regarding the future use of AMT. While the integration of autonomy and modularity in transport systems has gained attention in recent years among researchers, the study of AMT acceptance is non-existent in the literature. To address this research gap, the study proposes an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model to explore public acceptance of AMT. It integrates the original model’s constructs with two additional factors: trust and perceived green usefulness, while also investigating the role of public transport usage behavior in intention. Data were collected through an online survey involving 1662 participants from different cities in Iran. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the conceptual model. Multiple t-tests and ANOVA tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of public transport usage behavior and demographics on the model’s constructs. The results showed that the majority of respondents showed their acceptance toward using AMT when available despite their limited prior knowledge about the system. Perceived usefulness was the strongest predictor of intention, followed by social influence and hedonic motivations. Although the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the number of public transport (PT) regular users, this group showed a higher intention to use AMT compared to PT non-regular users. Furthermore, respondents aged over 60 years stated a lower intention to use AMT than their younger counterparts. Given that the mass adoption of AMT depends on public acceptance, this study is expected to serve as a benchmark for comparing countries with similar cultural contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000018/pdfft?md5=f75796587b91b9b0f5c5c2157dec538d&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the relationship between bus and ride-hailing use in a large emerging economy city: A bivariate ordered probit model application","authors":"Marcelle Dorneles Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Shanna Trichês Lucchesi ,&nbsp;Ana Margarita Larranaga ,&nbsp;Patricia Sauri Lavieri ,&nbsp;Yu-Tong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzes the use of ride-hailing and bus services from a multi-modal user perspective by jointly modeling individuals’ monthly frequency of use of both bus and ride-hailing services. A bivariate ordered probit model is estimated to capture the influence of socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics as well as unobserved factors that may simultaneously influence the travel frequency by both modes. We use data collected in a survey of travelers from Porto Alegre, Brazil. The results characterize the profile of local frequent ride-hailing users as young, medium-income, self-employed individuals with a propensity toward the use of technology and a low inclination for car ownership. Most importantly, we observe that after controlling for unobserved factors that simultaneously contribute to higher trip frequencies by both modes, frequent bus users demonstrate a lower propensity toward ride-hailing use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100084"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000043/pdfft?md5=90ab0d10d71c4bd30791da7a5efbe9ba&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of urban aerial cable cars into public transit: Operational capacity limits due to passenger queuing at stations","authors":"Morten Flesser ,&nbsp;Amer Shalaby ,&nbsp;Bernhard Friedrich","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the airspace is increasingly gaining importance as a new frontier to improve urban mobility, aerial cable cars are being discussed and already appropriately implemented worldwide to supplement conventional modes of transport in urban areas. Transit planners and designers should carefully consider the interoperability and integration of cable car services with conventional modes of transport. In particular, excessive delays and overcrowding conditions due to deficits in interoperability should be avoided. This challenge of interoperability arises as conventional modes of transport operate predominantly on a timetable, and most cable car technologies operate in such close headways that they can be considered as almost continuous conveyors. The advantage of having almost always a transport vessel of a cable car ready for boarding ceases when large volumes of passengers arrive in batches, for example from higher-capacity modes of transport or at large events, resulting in long queues. Traditional manuals do not yet reflect these aspects of interoperability adequately. Consequently, this work filled this research gap about the interoperability of cable cars related to handling high volumes of incoming passenger arrivals that transfer in larger batches from feeder modes and often result in queues at cable car stations. The following objectives were targeted: (1) determine passenger capacity limits of conventional modes of transport acting as feeders to cable cars and (2) specify space requirements to be provided due to the potential queues that arise. To answer these, methods of Queuing Theory were used and results were placed in Levels of Services of traditional manuals. Key performance indicators included queue length, waiting time, and corresponding queue space. The results revealed that cable cars can be a useful complement to public transit but are of limited feasibility due to cumulative queues at arrival rates with larger crowds. High-capacity feeder modes (e.g., commuter rails) are limited to 20-minute headways depending on cable car technologies. Further, queuing areas of up to 1000 square meters (around 10,800 ft²) should be considered. Several operational limitations are presented as guidance for practitioners and policymakers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000146/pdfft?md5=44b12b7fb79a96f1a3caf781185f16bc&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are people leaving public transport? A panel study of changes in transit-use patterns between 2019, 2021, and 2022 in Montréal, Canada","authors":"Rodrigo Victoriano-Habit ,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Geneidy","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The outbreak of COVID-19 caused unprecedented declines in public-transport use. As travel frequencies rebound, ridership is recovering, although it remains considerably below pre-pandemic levels. This study compares pre- to post-pandemic public-transit use among workers and non-workers, and the changing impact of local and regional accessibility. Additionally, we assess the impact of increased telecommuting on workers’ transit use before, during, and after the pandemic. We estimate two weighted multilevel linear regressions using a three-wave panel survey over the years 2019–2022 in Montréal, Canada. Results indicate that the factors that determine workers’ and non-workers’ transit patterns have tended to diverge after the pandemic. For workers, the relevance of accessibility in promoting utilitarian transit use considerably decreased, being responsible for close to 10% of the post-pandemic transit-use reduction. The increase of telecommuting frequency due to the pandemic contributed more than 10% of the post-pandemic transit-use reduction, but the effect of transit commuting time has remained relevant. For non-workers, the effect of regional accessibility by transit has increased after the pandemic, which has partly mitigated non-workers’ transit-use decline. Moreover, we find there is a joint effect of local and regional accessibility that has maintained after 2019 for non-workers. Results from this work have relevant implications for transit planners and policymakers. To help transit-use recovery, results suggest that providing good transit connection to the workplace promotes workers’ transit use, while promoting transit accessibility in lower-local-accessibility areas is key for non-worker transit ridership.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000079/pdfft?md5=763b5b1c118093af0d092992f81e44b7&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual accessibility impacts of public transport automation on (groups of) rural dwellers","authors":"Alberto Dianin ,&nbsp;Michael Gidam ,&nbsp;Elisa Ravazzoli ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Elzbieta Stawinoga ,&nbsp;Georg Hauger","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rural areas typically register low accessibility. This fact negatively affects their attractiveness, the well-being of their population in general, and population subgroups with limited access to private cars or strong space-time constraints (like minors, the elderly or members of large households). Collective autonomous vehicles (AVs) might improve this situation, e.g. by enhancing standard line-based services or introducing alternative shared schemes. Nevertheless, the collective usage of AVs in rural transport and their potential impacts on accessibility are still underexplored, with most research focused on the urban context. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing the public transport accessibility impacts that five alternative AV supply scenarios might generate in the rural valley of Mühlwald (South Tyrol, Italy). To this end, a variant of the standard space-time accessibility model developed by the authors is used. This focuses on accessibility by public transport specifically, and measures it to both fixed activities and discretionary opportunities. Accessibility impacts are first estimated at the person-based level for a sample of residents. Then, they are aggregated for the whole sample and six subgroups that tend to experience more substantial accessibility issues based on the literature. Results show that line-based AV applications provide limited accessibility benefits. Conversely, time-flexible applications like ride-shared vans or combinations of line-based trunks and on-demand feeders over peak and off-peak hours may provide the most evident advantages, especially for the subgroups with the tightest space-time schedules. Although these results do not reflect other possible impacts of AVs (e.g. environmental effects), they provide policymakers with valuable insights into the collective AV usages that could be most suitable in the rural context regarding person-based accessibility gains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000183/pdfft?md5=0b225aa1845ebb2522bb406c82ae7d84&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do you travel? A holistic evaluation of public transport journeys of women: A case study of Delhi, India","authors":"Ankita Sil ,&nbsp;Subeh Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Roselle Thoreau","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women in South-and Southeast-Asia encounter numerous barriers when traveling with informal and formal public transport modes. These barriers are often complex and rooted in societal norms. Previous works have predominantly focused on user satisfaction surveys to evaluate service quality of public transport journeys. There is a very limited understanding of women’s first-and-last mile trips, especially by income groups. The present study contributes to this knowledge gap by developing a detailed audit framework to evaluate whole public transport journeys, including first-and last-mile trips with intermediate public transport (informal) modes. Delhi, India is chosen as the case study city. The audit is used to evaluate 45 whole public transport journeys, with a variation in origin-destination pairs by income levels. In addition, anecdotal findings through conversations with female commuters enroute, from varying income levels, provide valuable insights into their constant awareness for personal safety and the detailed pre-planning undertaken to reach their destinations safely. It is evident from the results that low-income women are the most disadvantaged. Despite rides being subsidized by the government, they navigate poorly built environments and slow local bus services. Results also showed that first mile trips are the weakest links in the whole journeys. These findings provide evidence that despite attempts to improve the transport system, it remains inadequately designed for women, particularly those who are most vulnerable. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of pandemic service adaptations on job accessibility: A case study of the Bay Area Rapid Transit","authors":"Phoebe Ho ,&nbsp;Johanna Zmud ,&nbsp;Joan Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted transit's crucial role as a social service, ensuring access to essential destinations. Despite this, unprecedented ridership lows forced agencies to implement service cuts, disproportionately affecting essential workers and vulnerable populations. However, the full extent of these impacts remains underexplored. While existing literature examines transit agency responses during the pandemic, much of the focus has been on public health and safety measures, overlooking the specifics of service adjustment strategies implemented. This study contributes to our understanding of transit agency pandemic responses throughout the pre-, peak-, and post-pandemic phases by 1) characterizing patterns in transit service adjustments and 2) extending pandemic accessibility literature by examining job-specific impacts. The framework integrates time series clustering, qualitative review of agency press releases, and transit accessibility analysis, using only publicly available data. Through a case study of Bay Area Rapid Transit, we find distinct clusters of stations characterized by patterns in weekday morning peak service restoration and station area demographics. While impacts to accessibility varied by time of day, the relative ordering of accessibility levels across income and race/ethnicity remained consistent throughout the pandemic. These findings contribute to our understanding of service adaptation impacts and inform equitable response strategies for future service planning and disruptions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000225/pdfft?md5=74b6aabaf90a3a72bb68008502210dd4&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical timetable innovations in long-distance railway passenger transport: How might these affect railway passenger demand?","authors":"Fabian Stoll,&nbsp;Nils Nießen,&nbsp;Bastian Kogel","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The positive impact of coordinated timetable innovations throughout national railway networks has been shown exemplarily in the 1970 s and 80 s, when so-called integrated periodic timetables (IPT) were installed in the Netherlands and in Switzerland and then gradually improved. After large-scale changes of the former train offer, rail passenger demand increased significantly. A similar timetable innovation was recently decided for the German railway network. However, the project’s impact on overall demand is uncertain. To approach this question, an elasticity-based forecast of long-distance passenger demand is proposed and adopted to a modelized railway network section that has changed to an IPT. Massive travel time reductions turned out as the most important factor for demand growth followed by demand effects due to the increase of train frequency and changes of a modelized ticket price system. Additional factors influencing nationwide rail passenger demand are conceivable but difficult to generalize.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077291X24000109/pdfft?md5=ce12269b59a09450386da59013a7fe8a&pid=1-s2.0-S1077291X24000109-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}