Journal of Public Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating and prioritizing public transit infrastructure using man-hours savings: A case study of New York City and Kaohsiung bus operations","authors":"Marketa Jirmanova ,&nbsp;Vojtech Novotny ,&nbsp;Michal Matowicki ,&nbsp;Ching-Fu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluation and prioritization of public transport infrastructure remain pivotal challenges for urban planners and transport agencies. Traditional Level of Service (LoS) metrics, while useful, often overlook the compounded impacts of delays on passengers, particularly on heavily used transport corridors. This paper introduces the \"Man-Hours (M-H) Factor\", a novel evaluation metric that integrates vehicle operational data, travel time deviations, and passenger occupancy to quantify the potential cumulative burden of delays on passenger time. Using Manhattan’s and Kaohsiung’s public bus network as a case study, the methodology uses extensive data, including GPS-based travel times and hourly passenger counts, to recalibrate LoS metrics and identify high-priority inter-stop sections for intervention. The results reveal significant man-hour savings potential in select inter-stop sections and demonstrate how Man-Hours (M-H) Factor shifts prioritization to heavily utilized routes, offering a more equitable and actionable framework for decision-making. By incorporating passenger-centric metrics, this study provides a scalable, data-driven approach to the evaluation and planning of transport infrastructure, with broad implications for sustainable and equitable urban mobility systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixed-route or demand-responsive transit? An evaluation framework for transit service structures using dual-perspective indicators","authors":"Sadia Tasnim,&nbsp;Moataz Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an evaluation framework to assess fixed-route transit (FRT) and demand-responsive transit (DRT), examining performance through real-world operational data. The framework is based on a concise set of key performance indicators (KPIs) synthesized from the literature that represent the perspectives of transit users and providers. The developed framework is applied to a real-world case study, where the same area was served by FRT and DRT. The service evaluation returned a mixed message on the performance of FRT and DRT services. The results show that operational cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per passenger kilometre travelled (PKT) in FRT are 80% lower than DRT indicating that FRT could move more passengers per kilometre at both lower cost and emissions compared to DRT within the case study. Overall, the proposed framework offers a practical solution for planners to evaluate transit options for communities in diverse spatiotemporal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking digital and social value in public transit: A discrete choice experiment with urban passengers","authors":"Cam Anh Thi Pham ,&nbsp;Duc Anh Bui ,&nbsp;Xuan Phuc Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization in rapidly growing cities has intensified demand for sustainable public transport solutions. Despite their potential, traditional and electric bus services remain underutilized due to limited attractiveness. The case study is Hanoi (Vietnam), where bus use is constrained by reliability and access challenges and strong competition from private motorbikes and ride-hailing. This study investigates passengers’ preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for key service improvements in the bus system. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was conducted to evaluate six attributes: ride experience, schedule punctuality, bus app usability, emission reduction, walking distance to bus stops, and fare. Based on survey data from 366 respondents, the study estimates WTP and examines how socio-demographic factors influence user choices. The findings indicate that ride safety and punctuality are most valued, followed by environmental friendliness and the usability of mobile applications. Notably, passengers with children and those expressing environmental concern show higher WTP, whereas low-income and infrequent users are more price sensitive. These results offer practical implications for fare policies, service design, and targeted communication strategies to enhance public transport adoption. The study contributes to the limited literature on bus service valuation in developing countries and supports evidence-based planning through DCE methodology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking multi-anchor bus stop accessibility to bus ridership: Evidence from GPS and accelerometer data","authors":"Mehdi Barati,&nbsp;Tom Stewart,&nbsp;Melody Smith,&nbsp;Angela Curl,&nbsp;Jonas De Vos,&nbsp;Scott Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public transport provides well-documented health, environmental, and economic benefits by promoting active travel, reducing car dependence, and enabling efficient land use. However, accessibility analyses often rely on measures defined at static spatial locations (e.g., around residential or zonal anchors), which may not capture the dynamic and context-dependent nature of accessibility across daily mobility. Incorporating accessibility across daily activity locations allows for a more behaviourally grounded assessment, reflecting the spatial and contextual conditions under which travel decisions are made. This study examines how accessibility to bus stops, measured at home, trip origin, and destination, relates to bus ridership in Auckland, New Zealand. Using high-resolution GPS and accelerometer data from 108 participants (835 trips), we applied mixed-effects logistic regression models and tested work status and neighbourhood residency duration as moderators. Results revealed an unexpected pattern: higher accessibility to bus stops around home (<em>home-based</em> accessibility) was negatively associated with bus ridership. Accessibility to bus stops around trip destinations (<em>destination-based</em> accessibility) showed a positive association with ridership, but only among newer residents. Employed participants were more sensitive to <em>home-based</em> accessibility than those who were unemployed. These findings suggest that accessibility–ridership relationships vary across key locations encountered along individual travel trajectories, likely indicating that measures defined at fixed, static locations may provide an incomplete representation of travel behaviour. Trip-specific, dynamic approaches may therefore offer a more behaviourally grounded basis for informing transport planning and policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The invisible burden: Safety work across the whole journey by young women using public transport","authors":"Subeh Chowdhury,&nbsp;Vania Ceccato","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women’s mobility within public transport systems is shaped by fear and gendered vulnerability. The aim is to explore the safety work undertaken by young women in Auckland, New Zealand using whole journey approach. Majority of the participants are transit-dependent and ride public transport to attend university. Interviews were undertaken with 29 young women using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data is analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The overarching finding is that fear of darkness and fear of others are the root cause their precautionary behaviour. Participants engaged in extensive safety work, including pre-planning journeys, maintaining vigilance, creating spatial separation, and modifying their appearance to become less visible. The young women communicated with family and friends throughout the journey and especially in the return journey at nighttime. Many participants discussed avoiding travelling altogether after 9 pm. The safety strategies, while providing a sense of control, also impose emotional and physical burdens that constrain women’s mobility and reinforce unequal participation in public spaces. The findings highlight a duality: safety work functions both as a tool of empowerment and a manifestation of systemic inequity that places responsibility for safety on women themselves. For some participants, safety work offered reassurance while for others, it was exhausting and unjust. The results expose safety work as both a coping mechanism and a symptom of systemic inequality, where women bear personal responsibility for public safety failures. Addressing these inequities requires not only environmental improvements but also cultural transformation to ensure that women’s journeys are shaped by confidence rather than caution, and by freedom rather than fear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroscopic equity analysis framework in urban multimodal mobility systems","authors":"Benedict Uy Fabia,&nbsp;Jinwoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban transportation inequities persist globally, with socioeconomic factors significantly influencing mode choices and accessibility to opportunities. This paper introduces a novel analytical framework for evaluating transportation equity across multiple traveler groups within urban multimodal mobility systems. Groups are differentiated using value of travel time and typical trip distance as practical indicators, rather than an exhaustive set of equity dimensions. We extend the macroscopic multimodal hierarchy (MMH) approach by incorporating group-specific attributes into measures of in-vehicle travel efficiency, creating unique hierarchy graphs for different groups within the same urban environment. Equity is assessed using both the dispersion of group-level mobility outcomes and a macroscopic average-efficiency measure, so that uniformly poor service is not mislabeled as equitable. We first apply the framework to nine urban areas to enable cross-city comparison across diverse contexts, and then present detailed case studies for Manhattan, Seoul, and Paris. In Manhattan, our results suggest that shared bicycles can be more competitive than buses for all traveler groups over all trip distances, illustrating how MMH can be used to assess the relative competitiveness of an emerging mode in a real-world setting. We further demonstrate how the framework evaluates mode-specific interventions, showing that even aggressive bus fare reductions combined with commercial-speed improvements leave Manhattan’s equity and efficiency virtually unchanged. Our framework supports targeted equity improvements by explicitly showing which modes drive disparities and where interventions can be most effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling trip scheduling decisions of bus commuters amid disruptive events using smart card data","authors":"Maximiliano Lizana ,&nbsp;David Watling ,&nbsp;Charisma Choudhury","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Departure time models are key tools for understanding time-varying travel demand. Nonetheless, there is limited research focusing on the analysis of trip scheduling decisions in the context of public transport users. In particular, research on how public transport users adapt departure times when the activity and travel landscape are altered as a consequence of disruptive events (e.g. pandemics, social unrest), is yet to be conducted. Smart card data, which passively records time-stamped departure locations of public transport users, offers the opportunity to investigate such shifts in detail but is yet to be utilised. The paper aims to address these two gaps by using smart card data to investigate the trip scheduling decisions of bus commuters amid disruptive events. This goal is achieved by estimating departure time choice models (DTCMs) for characteristic episodes between 2019 and 2022 for Santiago's bus system, a city affected to different degrees by two types of disruptive events within this timeframe: the COVID-19 pandemic and social unrest. The paper addresses the methodological challenges of calculating schedule delay with smart card data by estimating preferred arrival times as a random variable within a mixed multinomial logit model. The approach is assessed through the valuation of the trade-off between travel time and schedule delay (TVSD), with the results falling within the range of values previously reported in the literature. The model results highlight the existence of multi-temporal differences in the arrival time preferences of bus commuters, as well as in their TVSD amid disruptive events. It was found that bus commuters were less willing to accept an increase in their travel time to reduce their schedule delay during disruptive episodes. The heterogeneity between bus travellers was also explored: recurrent bus commuters exhibited higher TVSDs than occasional commuters. The outcome of this study supports using smart card data as a feasible source to investigate how public transport passengers allocate their trip scheduling both during normal periods and amid external disruptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated charging facility planning and charging scheduling for a rural battery electric bus system","authors":"Harsh Shah ,&nbsp;Ravi Gadepalli ,&nbsp;Lakshay ,&nbsp;Oded Cats","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient charging planning and scheduling are crucial for electric buses (e-buses) due to their limited range and extended charging times. This paper focuses on the problem of planning the charging infrastructure for a public transport network in a rural area. Due to longer routes and poor road conditions in rural areas, especially in developing countries, conventional diesel intercity bus services account for significant carbon emissions from bus transport. However, there is a gap in planning the electrification of rural bus systems, especially in terms of charging infrastructure planning. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to identify optimal charging schedules using an integrated modelling approach. In particular, an optimisation model is developed to simultaneously determine the optimum location and capacity of charging facilities, along with optimal charging schedules for e-buses. This model aims to minimise the costs associated with charging infrastructure and the electricity consumed by the buses, considering time of use (TOU) electricity tariffs. A real-world case study of Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (KKRTC) in Karnataka, India is presented to test the efficacy of the developed model. For the considered scenario in the Kalburgi division (the largest division in KKRTC), with 11 depots and 887 bus routes, the model provides 52 optimal locations with a total of 82 opportunity chargers. According to the model, the feasible electrification level is 67.08% in the case of rural battery electric bus (BEB) systems for this division. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is presented to understand the effect of battery size and charger power on the results. The proposed approach offers operators a valuable tool for making optimal decisions regarding e-bus networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147537837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User acceptance of autonomous shuttle systems: A UTAUT2-based analysis with simulated driving tests and physiological measurement","authors":"Marcin Czaban,&nbsp;Daniel Baier","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous shuttle buses offer significant potential for improving public transportation, enhancing traffic safety, and reducing environmental impact. However, their successful implementation depends not only on technological development but also crucially on user acceptance. While previous studies have primarily investigated acceptance based on surveys of individuals without direct experience, especially in critical traffic situations, our study addresses this gap through a simulated driving test incorporating such scenarios. Extending the UTAUT2 framework, we integrate objective NeuroIS indicators to propose a psychophysiological mediation model. We captured both autonomic arousal (electrocardiogram, galvanic skin response) and cognitive stress appraisals (Perceived Stress Scale, NASA-TLX, single item scales) to examine their impact on the behavioral intention to use autonomous shuttles. Data from N = 104 participants were evaluated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Social Influence and Perceived Usefulness are the primary drivers of usage intention, whereas Trust and Perceived Risk showed no significant effect in the simulated environment. Furthermore, the analysis supports a significant negative impact of perceived Cognitive Reaction on acceptance. Crucially, physiological indicators demonstrated a divergent mediation pattern: while heightened cardiac activation marginally increased cognitive stress, electrodermal activity actively reduced it. This points towards a “eustress” or heightened task-focus phenomenon, mitigating perceived psychological burden during critical rides. These findings highlight the importance of social validation and emotional responses in the acceptance of novel mobility technologies. The study demonstrates that subjective cognitive load, shaped by specific physiological arousals, acts as a pivotal barrier to acceptance, providing a robust foundation for future real-world exposure studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of transport exclusion and aerial cable cars in shaping commuting choices in steep cities","authors":"Santiago Cardona-Urrea,&nbsp;Jaime Soza-Parra,&nbsp;Sebastián Raveau,&nbsp;Dick Ettema","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100170","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This paper investigates the factors affecting commuting mode choice, with a particular focus on the consideration and choice of aerial cable cars (ACC). It also examines the impact of transport-related social exclusion (TRSE) on mode choice, understood as the limited participation in society due to a lack of transport options. The case study is situated in Manizales, Colombia, a medium-sized city renowned for pioneering ACC as a transit mode and distinguished by its steep topography and residential development in hilly terrain, thereby providing a unique context for examining the impact of ACC on mobility. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey that inquired about daily mobility, including the main mode of transport, origin and destination, available transport options, and perceptions of transport barriers, with consideration of TRSE theoretical dimensions. The subjective perceptions were analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to extract latent factors, which were then used as explanatory variables in a discrete choice model of commuting, along with observed variables related to individual, household, and built-environment characteristics. The results of the CFA show that all items significantly loaded on the theoretical factors, including a combined latent variable for time- and money-based exclusion. A Nested Logit model was estimated, considering the correlation between bus and ACC as public transport. The results indicate that females are less likely to choose the ACC, and the presence of cars among workers also reduces the likelihood of using the ACC. Regarding the TRSE dimensions, we found that all dimensions have the potential to explain mode choice to some extent, with distinct influences considering the mode. For instance, a high perception of physical-based exclusion, related to the quality of transport infrastructure, reduces the likelihood of choosing transit modes, particularly buses. Additionally, individuals with a higher perception of information-based exclusion tend to favour modes that require less information to ensure a reliable journey, such as the ACC or motorcycle. Regarding fear-based exclusion, we found that a high fear perception increases the disutility of time; therefore, individuals prefer a faster arrival at the destination, thereby reducing the probability of incidents. Finally, we simulated the modal share with the inauguration of a new ACC line, resulting in a significant increase in the ACC commuting modal share. Nevertheless, new users initially came from buses, showing a lack of attraction for private vehicle users (cars and motorcycles). This study emphasises the importance of including ACC as a mode choice and identifies specific characteristics that influence its selection. Lastly, it highlights the relevance of perceptions of transport-related social exclusion on commuting mode choice by considering distinct effects for particular modes, enabling specific recommendations to ","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}