Journal of Public Transportation最新文献

{"title":"An exact system optimum model for the schedule-based transit assignment problem","authors":"Xia Zhou,&nbsp;Mark Wallace,&nbsp;Daniel D. Harabor,&nbsp;Zhenliang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mass transit systems in many cities are facing growing congestion. One widely studied approach to alleviating this congestion involves solving the schedule-based transit assignment problem (STAP). STAP employs a joint choice model of departure times and routes, defining a spatial–temporal path wherein passengers decide both when to depart and which route to take. User equilibrium (UE) models for the STAP indicate the current congestion cost, while system optimum (SO) models can provide insights for congestion relief directions. However, most existing STAP studies under the SO condition rely on approximate SO (Approx. SO) models, which underestimate the potential for congestion reduction in the system. The few studies in STAP that compute exact SO solutions ignore realistic constraints such as hard capacity, multi-line networks, and spatial–temporal competing demand flows. This paper proposes an exact SO method for the STAP that overcomes these limitations. We apply our approach to a case study involving part of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway network, which includes 5 lines, 12 interacting origin–destination (OD) pairs and 52,717 passengers. Computing an Approx. SO solution for this system indicates a modest potential for congestion reduction measures, with a cost reduction of 17.39% from the UE solution. Our exact SO solution is 36.35% lower than the UE solution, which is more than double the potential for congestion reduction. We then show how the exact SO solution can be used to identify: (i) which OD pairs have the most potential to reduce congestion; (ii) how many passengers can be reasonably shifted; (iii) future systems’ potential with increasing demand and expanding network capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148940163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative case studies of demand responsive transit solutions: Insights from pilots on two continents","authors":"Vanessa Stjernborg,&nbsp;Subhrajit Guhathakurta,&nbsp;Lena Winslott Hiselius","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how demand responsive transit may extend the role of public transport by comparing two pilot implementations in Atlanta, United States, and northeast Skåne, Sweden. The study analyzes similarities and differences in planning, implementation, and operational experiences across two contrasting institutional and geographic contexts. Responding to calls for more qualitative and comparative research on real-world Demand Responsive Transit (DRT) implementations, the paper explores how governance arrangements, implementation processes, and local conditions shape outcomes and the transferability of lessons across settings. Using a comparative case study approach inspired by the logic of Most Different Systems Design (MDSD), the analysis draws on stakeholder interviews, site visits, document analysis, and media sources. The findings suggest that DRT has the potential to improve accessibility when it is well integrated with frequent and reliable transit networks, supported by clear communication, and aligned with local mobility needs. In Atlanta, the pilot benefited from extensive outreach, higher visibility, shorter waiting times, and stronger connections to rail services. In northeast Skåne, limited communication, the early launch of an unfinished service, long booking windows, and weak connections to infrequent train services reduced usability. Organizational fragmentation and limited attention to local needs further constrained implementation. The comparison shows that similar lessons emerge across both cases, but through different institutional and organizational pathways. The results suggest that DRT outcomes are shaped not only by service design and network integration, but also by governance structures, implementation processes, and the extent to which services reflect local mobility needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing diverse stakeholders’ objectives in a real-time multimodal mobility hub system","authors":"Ali Akbar Sadat Asl ,&nbsp;Hugues Delmaire ,&nbsp;Antoine Legrain ,&nbsp;François Soumis","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ridesharing could offer a solution to urban mobility challenges by delivering affordability and convenience while reducing congestion and environmental impact. This paper presents a system for multimodal mobility hubs with parking facilities, integrating personal vehicles with carpooling options and shuttle services into a cohesive network designed to accommodate real-time inbound and outbound ride requests. To address diverse interests and priorities within urban transportation, a column generation approach is employed to optimize the objectives of key stakeholders. An extensive computational study is performed using real-world public transit and ridesharing datasets from Québec City. The emission, user, and system objectives favor shared transportation options, while the operator objective shows a more substantial reliance on solo vehicles. Additionally, the results indicate that a transition to fully electric vehicles powered by a renewable energy mix can reduce average emissions by 78.1% compared to a scenario with gasoline-fueled vehicles. Rigorous evaluation across diverse scenarios demonstrates the proposed system’s efficacy in addressing the complexities of large-scale transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the interaction between subway car design and commuter standing position choices: Considering the impact of multidimensional factors","authors":"Sijun He ,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Tiecheng Ding ,&nbsp;Xinkun Guo ,&nbsp;Wenwen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In densely populated cities, standing while commuting by subway is the most common mode of travel. Passengers’ choice of standing position determines the density distribution within subway cars, but the driving factors influencing their standing position and facility preferences remain unclear. This study designed a revealed preference survey targeting subway users in Chengdu, which included three dimensions of commuters’ sociodemographic attributes, travel characteristics, and in-car environmental factors. By analyzing travel data from 2375 valid responses and conducting statistical tests, it was identified that gender, travel duration, passenger density, car type, and the configuration of standing support facilities are significant factors influencing passengers’ in-car position choices. Then, these factors were used to estimate a multinomial probit model for standing position choice. The results indicate that, in terms of position choice, men tend to prefer standing at the ends of the subway car, while women prefer standing in the middle area near the seats. Short-distance travelers are more likely to stand near the doors, while long-distance travelers tend to prefer the middle areas. The difference in position preferences becomes less pronounced as the travel time increases. As passenger density increases, the probability of passengers choosing the car ends decreases, while the probability of choosing the middle areas increases. However, under crowded conditions, the door areas remains the most occupied. In terms of facility choice, the group that does not use standing aids is primarily composed of young people and high-income individuals, while elderly people and low-income individuals have a higher proportion of using lower-mounted facilities. The study also found that while the arrangement of facilities significantly affects passengers’ standing position, it is not a decisive factor. Passengers’ choices still depend on the combined effect of multiple factors. This study enhances the understanding of standing passenger behavior within the subway car microenvironment and reveals its close relationship with interior design, providing insights for optimizing spatial organization and facility distribution in subway cars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional requirements for automated bus transit systems based on human driver tasks","authors":"Johannes Lindner ,&nbsp;Martin Margreiter ,&nbsp;Klaus Bogenberger","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driven by advancements in automation and connectivity, this paper explores the development of automated Public Transportation (PT) systems. This study addresses the critical role of human bus drivers in ensuring safety, accessibility, and service quality, examining how their diverse responsibilities can be translated into a modular technical framework. By analyzing legal frameworks in Europe and North America and conducting expert interviews with bus drivers in Munich, Germany, we identify the main tasks human drivers perform, including passenger safety monitoring, passenger assistance, communication, vehicle control, traffic monitoring, and service operation. From these tasks, we derive a conceptual framework of functional requirements organized within a Sense-Plan-Act (SPA) model and a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). We propose a Public Transport Control System that integrates requirements into a high-level architecture, providing a foundation for developing systems that can operate safely and efficiently while maintaining high service quality and meeting legal standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing ridership impacts of fare-free transit policies through agency- and neighborhood-level models","authors":"Jorge M. Diaz-Gutierrez,&nbsp;Andisheh Ranjbari","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the long-term effects of fare-free transit (FFT) policies on ridership, at both the agency and neighborhood levels. Using a Fixed Effects model with Instrumental Variables on data from 125 U.S. transit agencies (2011–2023), we found that partial-route and full FFT policies increased agency-level ridership by approximately 17% and 45%, respectively. Then, having employed a Spatial Durbin model with Fixed Effects on bus data from Boston, MA, USA (2021–2023), we found that neighborhoods served by FFT routes saw 26% more boardings than those served by non-FFT routes. The impact of FFT varied by time of day, with smaller effects observed during peak hours, evenings, and weekends. By distinguishing between types of FFT policies (i.e., full, partial-population, or partial-route) and their spatial and temporal effects, this study offers actionable insights for transit agencies considering FFT. These insights are particularly relevant for agencies aiming to maximize ridership growth while balancing other factors, such as service coverage, serving population, and budget constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating transit and micromobility: Evidence from multimodal travel behavior in South Korea","authors":"Kihyun Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to examine the links between neighborhood mobility configurations and individuals’ multimodal trips. This study mainly utilizes detailed trip-level data from the 2021 National Person Travel Survey (2021 NPTS) in South Korea. To understand different types of neighborhood mobility configurations and their effects on individuals’ multimodal trips, we first classify neighborhoods based on the availability and integration of public transportation and micromobility services. We then employ a binary logistic regression model to analyze the determinants of individuals’ multimodal trips, with a focus on the effects of neighborhood mobility configurations. Key findings from our empirical analyses are as follows. First, work- and school-related trips are more likely to involve multimodal travel. Second, the effects of neighborhood mobility configurations differ substantially between trip origins and destinations. Third, most origin-based mobility configurations do not exhibit statistically significant associations with multimodal travel. Fourth, all destination-based mobility configurations are positively and significantly associated with multimodal travel. In particular, neighborhoods integrating bus, rail, and micromobility services demonstrate the strongest positive association with multimodal travel. Finally, greater integration among transportation modes is associated with a higher likelihood of multimodal travel, especially when such integration is available at destinations. These findings highlight the importance of integrating transit and micromobility services and suggest that destination-oriented mobility planning may play an important role in promoting multimodal and sustainable travel behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148940157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accessibility and time valuation in commuter mode choices: Evidence from European countries","authors":"Michal Matowicki,&nbsp;Marco Amorim,&nbsp;Pavla Pecherkova,&nbsp;Ondrej Pribyl","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how first- and last-mile access conditions influence commuter transport mode choice across four European urban contexts using a harmonised stated-preference experiment and Bayesian analysis. While access and egress conditions are widely recognised as important in mode choice, directly comparable cross-country evidence based on a common experimental design remains limited. We therefore focus on a deliberately controlled short-distance commuting setting to isolate and compare the role of access distance, access time, travel time, and cost.</div><div>The results show that access conditions materially affect stated mode choice, but their importance varies across modes and countries. In particular, improved access to public transport appears especially relevant in the Czech Republic and Poland, while the relative valuation of time and access differs across contexts. At the same time, some willingness-to-pay-based indicators could not be robustly derived for all cases, which limits full cross-country comparability.</div><div>The contribution of the paper is threefold: it provides a cross-country comparison under a harmonised stated-preference design, offers explicit valuation of access-related attributes, and identifies where comparative inference remains more or less stable across contexts. The findings support the inclusion of first- and last-mile conditions in sustainable transport planning, while also indicating that access improvements must be assessed together with broader network and operational trade-offs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148940164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stairway to transit: Mapping physical accessibility of subway stations in New York City","authors":"Marcel Moran,&nbsp;Swati Sharma,&nbsp;Michael Willen,&nbsp;Meg Fernandez,&nbsp;Koyel Das,&nbsp;Debra Laefer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primarily built before the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, roughly two-thirds of New York City subway stations lack step-free access from the street to the platform. However, among these inaccessible stations, there is little quantification of the wide variance in features such as number of stairs, fare-gate types, and passageway lengths. Gathering these data at scale could inform the prioritizing of accessibility investments, as well as riders in trip planning. Here, we field an in-person survey instrument to quantify passenger pathways from station entrances to platforms, and fielded it across all inaccessible stations along six NYC subway lines (covering 85 stations and 308 station entrances). This is the largest metro-station accessibility study to date, which documents meaningful variations in the path from entrance to platform, including among stair count (from 0 to 57), overall path length (from 3 to 324 feet), and general complexity. Further, we spatially link stair counts to the surrounding population of persons with disabilities, as well as senior and disability fare percentages from subway-entry data. Overall, this study establishes a baseline dataset helpful to multiple audiences, and represents a replicable approach for measuring physical accessibility across a range of transportation facilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149051101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broken mobility: An exploratory study on public transport and youth-mistrust in contemporary Greece","authors":"A. Divasson-J.","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, Greece’s mobility infrastructure has been increasingly criticized for its unreliability, territorial disparity, and lack of transparency. These systemic issues have been exacerbated by socio-political unrest and tragic events, most notably the 2023 Tempi railway disaster. Through a mixed-methods approach; combining surveys, qualitative interviews, and participatory workshops, this study analyses how a group of Greek youth experience and interpret public transport. The findings reveal a fragmented system shaped by underinvestment, poor planning, and civic disconnection. Beyond infrastructure, the research highlights the emotional and political dimensions of mobility, with recurrent distrust in institutions, normalized resignation, and reliance on individual strategies. Ultimately, the article argues that transport in Greece might not simply be a technical challenge but also a perceived erosion of democracy, and calls for a redefinition of transport policy as a central element of social justice and public accountability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}