Journal of Public Transportation最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the heterogeneity in subscription and travel behaviours of MaaS users: A segmentation approach and thematic analysis – A case study of University of Queensland, Australia","authors":"Ying Lu,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Mark Hickman","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobility as a Service (MaaS) integrates various transport services (e.g., public transport, ridesharing, carsharing, and micro-mobility) into a single digital platform, aimed at reducing car ownership and traffic congestion. In July 2021, we began the MaaS trial (ODIN PASS) at the University of Queensland (UQ), targeting students and staff. We collected data on users' trip characteristics, reasons for using MaaS, subscription records, and feedback on the service (e.g., attitudes and opportunities). While existing research explores the diversity in MaaS user travel and subscription behaviours, few studies examine core themes such as attitudes and opportunities from a real-world trial. This study addresses this gap by (1) identifying the heterogeneity in users' travel and actual subscription behaviours through a latent class analysis model, and (2) uncovering diverse core themes (i.e., attitudes and opportunities) to inform the future development of MaaS by using thematic analysis. The latent class analysis reveals three distinct user groups. The findings of this study highlight that multimodal-curious users pay greater attention to MaaS operational issues and app functionalities compared to daily public transport users and regular cost-conscious public transport users. These users tend to have higher car ownership, be slightly older, and are more likely to be PhD students or staff. In contrast, regular cost-conscious public transport users, who comprise a large proportion of undergraduate students, appear to be primarily cost-focused, with particular concern for reducing the bundle price. The findings offer transport planners insights into tailoring strategies for different user groups, enhancing the development of MaaS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency bus route optimization for passenger evacuation in response to metro disruptions","authors":"Liya Ma ,&nbsp;Yao Chen ,&nbsp;Xujie Feng ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metro systems serve as the backbone of urban public transit and play a critical role in sustaining daily urban mobility. However, unexpected events such as severe weather or equipment failures can partially disrupt metro services. Emergency bus services provide a timely and reliable alternative to disrupted metro segments, effectively mitigating their adverse impacts. This paper addresses emergency bus route design in response to metro disruptions. Unlike the traditional emergency bus routing strategy that provides point-to-point shuttle services between a disrupted station and a turnaround station, this study proposes a novel routing strategy that incorporates nearby transfer stations as additional evacuation endpoints, thereby effectively distributing passenger flows and alleviating congestion at turnaround stations during emergencies. To support this strategy, a multi-objective optimization model is developed to balance evacuation efficiency and passenger travel experience. Furthermore, to address the dynamic and uncertain nature of metro disruptions, a rolling horizon optimization method is introduced to dynamically adjust bus routes based on updated information, thereby enhancing the quality of bus routing decisions under uncertainty. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model are validated through a series of case studies. Results demonstrate that the proposed strategy outperforms the traditional strategy in reducing passenger delay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147612271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The carrot or the chase? Distinguishing earned and anticipated discounts in public transportation","authors":"Silvio Sticher,&nbsp;Hannes Wallimann","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study a loyalty program in public transportation to disentangle the causal effects of two key behavioral drivers of customer expenditure: the “anticipation effect” (the prospect of earning a future reward) and the “consumption effect” (the impact of using an earned reward). To do so, we analyze “ZVV Bonus”, a program by Switzerland’s largest regional tariff association, using panel data from approximately 485,000 individuals. The program’s design, which awarded credits for single-ticket purchases for use in the following month, allows for its interpretation as a natural experiment, which we evaluate using a within-subject difference-in-differences (DiD) approach. Finding that the baseline DiD estimates are likely biased due to violations of the parallel-trends assumption, we propose and apply a novel offline-benchmarked trend-correction method, which leverages aggregated offline sales trends to construct a counterfactual that is robust to common time-varying demand shocks. Our corrected estimates show that while the anticipation effect significantly increased gross expenditure, the consumption effect was negligible and associated with a near one-to-one cannibalization of sales. Consequently, the program resulted in a net revenue loss for the tariff association. Our findings suggest that for high-frequency services, such as public transportation, the anticipation of a reward is a more powerful motivator than the reward itself.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148001176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design evaluation of bus cross-traffic turn priority box","authors":"Tingsen (Tim) Xian,&nbsp;John D. Nelson,&nbsp;Emily Moylan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-traffic turns (left turns in right-hand traffic) significantly delay buses at intersections, reducing transit reliability. This study introduces the Bus Cross-Traffic Turn Priority Box, a design that allows buses to bypass turn queues by using through lanes and enables the pre-acceleration of turning traffic when no bus is present. Microscopic simulations conducted at three intersections (a stylized three-way intersection, a stylized four-way intersection and a real-world intersection using observed traffic data) demonstrate substantial delay reductions for buses and minor improvements for general traffic. Unlike traditional bus priority measures, this approach requires minimal infrastructure changes and enhances overall intersection efficiency, supporting its adoption in space-constrained urban settings to improve public transport performance without adversely affecting other road users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148523402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From service experiences to continued-use intention: Perceived travel control and mobility stress among older public-transport users in Greater Taipei","authors":"Chia-Nung Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Age-friendly public-transport research consistently identifies reliability, safety, assistance, information, comfort, and affordability as salient to older passengers, but it less often examines how these service experiences relate to perceived travel control, mobility stress, overall travel satisfaction, and continued-use intention. This cross-sectional study surveyed 356 current public-transport users aged 65 years or older in Greater Taipei, defined by use during the previous month. The questionnaire combined 20 matched service attributes rated separately for importance and satisfaction with multi-item measures of digital confidence, perceived travel control, mobility stress, overall travel satisfaction, and continued-use intention. Primary analyses comprised polychoric confirmatory factor analysis, repeated-measures correlated-trait correlated-method assessment, and hypothesis-directed latent-variable structural equation modelling with site-cluster-robust uncertainty. Temporal reliability, information usability, and affordability and inclusion were positively associated with perceived travel control, whereas reliability, safety and assistance, information usability, and comfort and dignity were associated with lower mobility stress. Perceived control was positively, and mobility stress negatively, associated with overall travel satisfaction; satisfaction and control were positively associated with continued-use intention. Digital confidence moderated the information-usability association, with a stronger relationship among respondents with lower confidence. Secondary exploratory response-surface analysis described joint importance-satisfaction profiles without raw gap subtraction; a separate mechanism-informed service-priority index illustrated service-domain comparisons. Neither component was treated as confirmatory evidence. The primary associations and exploratory policy synthesis identify candidate service improvements for future evaluation; they do not establish causal mechanisms, subsequent ridership changes, or a validated intervention ranking. Former users and non-users were excluded; findings may not capture the most severe physical, informational, financial, or psychological barriers and should not be generalised beyond the recruited current users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149140784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the determinants of shared e-scooters acceptance: A case study of Chinese college students","authors":"Minyu Shen ,&nbsp;Jing Lin ,&nbsp;Sangen Hu ,&nbsp;Chaojing Li ,&nbsp;Boqian Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shared electric scooters (shared e-scooters) have emerged as a promising green transportation mode, demonstrating significant advantages in mitigating urban environmental pressure and alleviating traffic congestion due to their electric-driven nature and zero-emission characteristics. Despite the rapid market development, the adoption of shared e-scooters in China remains unsatisfactory. Public acceptance among Chinese college students, who constitute a major part of the youth population, is a crucial factor determining the popularity of shared e-scooters. In light of the above, this study extends the original Technology Acceptance Model by introducing four additional psychological latent variables (i.e., subjective norms, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, and trust) to develop a comprehensive model to analyze acceptance of shared e-scooters and its influencing factors among Chinese college students. The proposed model was tested using data from an online survey of 428 college students, which collected their attitudes toward shared e-scooters. The calibrated model explains 78.2% of the variance in behavioral intention in the data, exhibiting superior explanatory power. Results reveal that subjective norms (0.823), attitude (0.285), personal innovativeness (0.28), perceived usefulness (0.148), and trust (0.121) have positive impacts on the students’ intention to use shared e-scooters, while perceived risk (-0.129) exhibits a negative influence. These results provide valuable insights into how key factors influence the acceptance of shared e-scooters among Chinese college students. Practical implications are discussed in the context of how relevant enterprises and government departments can formulate effective promotional strategies to encourage the widespread adoption of shared e-scooters in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic modeling of delays for train journeys with transfers","authors":"Nikolaus Stratil-Sauer,&nbsp;Nils Breyer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliability plays a key role in the experience of a rail traveler. The reliability of journeys involving transfers is affected by the reliability of the transfers and the consequences of missing a transfer, as well as the possible delay of the train used to reach the destination. In this paper, we propose a flexible method to model the reliability of train journeys with any number of transfers. The method combines a transfer reliability model based on gradient boosting, responsible for predicting the reliability of transfers between trains, and a delay model based on probabilistic Bayesian regression, which is used to model train arrival delays. The models are trained on delay data from four Swedish train stations and evaluated on delay data from another two stations, in order to evaluate the generalization performance of the models. We show that the probabilistic delay model, which models train delays following a mixture distribution with two lognormal components, allows to much more realistically model the distribution of actual train delays compared to a standard lognormal model. Finally, we show how these models can be used together to predict the arrival delay distribution at the final destination of the journey. The results indicate that the method accurately predicts the reliability for nine out of ten tested journeys. The method could be used to improve journey planners by providing reliability information to travelers. Further applications include timetable planning and transport modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible vs exclusive passengers: Who shows greater loyalty to public transport, and which attributes matter?","authors":"Nur Oktaviani Widiastuti ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zudhy Irawan ,&nbsp;Hironori Kato ,&nbsp;Saksith Chalermpong","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2026.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public transportation (PT) in developing countries, such as Indonesia, faces significant challenges due to both the growing number of private vehicles and the increasing popularity of ride-hailing services. This study aims to assess PT passengers’ loyalty propensity by first classifying them according to their daily use of different travel modes and examining how PT service attributes and sociodemographic factors are associated with their loyalty propensity. Through an on-bus survey of passengers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and using latent class cluster analysis, two distinct groups were identified: 251 respondents classed as flexible passengers, that is, those who supplement their PT use with other travel modes, and 206 respondents classed as exclusive passengers, that is, those who are more dependent on PT and rarely use alternative modes. Meanwhile, Rasch model analysis reveals that, for both passenger groups, affordable ticket pricing, headway and punctuality, and in-bus travel time have the highest association with passengers’ loyalty propensity, while cleanliness and comfort and public perceptions show weaker associations. In addition, exclusive passengers exhibited higher loyalty propensity than flexible passengers, with sociodemographic factors including age, income, occupation, and family size playing a significant role in shaping loyalty propensity among exclusive passengers. In contrast, for flexible passengers, sociodemographic factors do not play a significant role in influencing their loyalty propensity. Based on these findings, targeted policy recommendations are proposed to retain both flexible and exclusive passengers by addressing their distinct needs and expectations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148001177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LingoTrip: Spatiotemporal context prompt driven large language model for individual trip prediction","authors":"Zhenlin Qin ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Leizhen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenliang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large language models (LLMs) showed superior performance in many language-related tasks. It is promising to model the individual mobility prediction problem as a language model and use pretrained LLMs to predict the individual next trip information (e.g., time and location) for personalized travel recommendations. Theoretically, it is expected to overcome the common limitations of data-driven prediction models in zero/few shot learning, generalization, and interpretability. The paper proposes a LingoTrip model for predicting individual next trip location by designing the spatiotemporal context prompts for LLMs. The designed prompting strategies enable LLMs to capture implicit land use information (trip purposes), spatiotemporal mobility patterns (choice preferences), and geographical dependencies of the stations used (choice variability). The lingoTrip is validated using Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway trip data by comparing it with the state-of-the-art data-driven mobility prediction models under different training data sizes. Sensitivity analyses are performed for model hyperparameters and their tuning methods to adapt for other datasets. The results show that LingoTrip outperforms data-driven models in terms of prediction accuracy, transferability (between individuals), zero/few shot learning (limited training sample size) and interpretability of predictions. The LingoTrip model can facilitate the effective provision of personalized information for system crowding and disruption contexts (i.e., proactively providing information to targeted individuals).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of fare characteristics on fare equity: A scoping review","authors":"Lancelot Rodrigue ,&nbsp;Madhav G. Badami ,&nbsp;Ahmed El-Geneidy","doi":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpubtr.2025.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While public-transit fares can represent barriers to some people to use public-transit systems, they remain a major source of funding for operating it. Given the ubiquitous nature of fares in public-transit systems worldwide, understanding how characteristics of fare structures affect the distribution of fare burden (i.e., fare equity) is crucial. To do so we conducted a scoping review of the current literature on public-transit fare equity. We defined fare equity in the form of vertical equity (based on the ability-to-pay principle) and market equity (based on the beneficiary-pay principle). We then screened through 511 unique studies, retaining 24 for analysis. Findings were grouped based on fare attributes (e.g., distance-, time-, service- and user-based fare modulations), fare type and fare integration before combining results in a conceptual model. Distance-, time- and service-based fares were shown to have a positive effect on market equity while only income-based fares always positively impacted vertical equity. User-based fares have shown clear negative effects on market fare equity. The effects of most fare characteristics on fare equity were either not well researched or dependent on local contexts. Lastly, a lack of assessment of the synergies between fare characteristics in their effect on fare equity was also observed. Potential opposite effects of fare characteristics on vertical and market fare equity points to the necessity for public-transit agencies to choose which form of fare equity to promote. Recommendations for practitioners and researchers based on our findings are provided to guide the field of fare equity forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47173,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Transportation","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}