Social Issues and Policy Review最新文献_第8页

Seeing the Destination AND the Path: Using Identity‐Based Motivation to Understand and Reduce Racial Disparities in Academic Achievement 看到目的地和路径:使用基于身份的动机来理解和减少学术成就的种族差异

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12030

D. Oyserman, Neil A. Lewis

{"title":"Seeing the Destination AND the Path: Using Identity‐Based Motivation to Understand and Reduce Racial Disparities in Academic Achievement","authors":"D. Oyserman, Neil A. Lewis","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12030","url":null,"abstract":"African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans aspire to do well in school but often fall short of this goal. We use identity-based motivation theory as an organizing framework to understand how macrolevel social stratification factors including minority–ethnic group membership and low socioeconomic position (e.g., parental education, income) and the stigma they carry, matter. Macrolevel social stratification differentially exposes students to contexts in which choice and control are limited and stigma is evoked, shaping identity-based motivation in three ways. Stratification influences which behaviors likely feel congruent with important identities, undermines belief that one's actions and effort matter, and skews chronic interpretation of one's experienced difficulties with schoolwork from interpreting experienced difficulty as implying importance (e.g., “it's for me”) toward implying “impossibility.” Because minority students have high aspirations, policies should invest in destigmatizing, scalable, universal, identity-based motivation-bolstering institutions and interventions.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"159-194"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 75

The Global Refugee Crisis: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications for Improving Public Attitudes and Facilitating Refugee Resettlement 全球难民危机:改善公众态度和促进难民重新安置的经验证据和政策含义

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12028

Victoria M. Esses, Leah K. Hamilton, Danielle Gaucher

{"title":"The Global Refugee Crisis: Empirical Evidence and Policy Implications for Improving Public Attitudes and Facilitating Refugee Resettlement","authors":"Victoria M. Esses, Leah K. Hamilton, Danielle Gaucher","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12028","url":null,"abstract":"The number of refugees across the globe is at an alarming high and is expected to continue to rise for the foreseeable future. As a result, finding durable solutions for refugees has become a major challenge worldwide. The literature reviewed and policy implications discussed in this article are based on the premise that one of the major solutions to the refugee crisis must be refugee resettlement in new host countries. For such a solution to succeed, however, requires relatively favorable attitudes by members of host societies, protection of the well-being of refugees, and effective integration of refugees into new host countries. In this context, we begin by reviewing the literature on determinants of public attitudes toward refugees, the acculturation of refugees in host societies, and factors affecting refugee mental health, all of which are directly relevant to the success of the resettlement process. We then turn our attention to the policy implications of these literatures, and discuss strategies for improving public attitudes toward refugees and refugee resettlement in host countries; for improving the resettlement process to reduce mental health challenges; and for supporting the long-term acculturation and integration of refugees in their new homes.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"78-123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 305

Addressing Violent Intergroup Conflict from the Bottom Up 从下到上解决群体间的暴力冲突

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12027

Ruth Ditlmann, Cyrus Samii, T. Zeitzoff

{"title":"Addressing Violent Intergroup Conflict from the Bottom Up","authors":"Ruth Ditlmann, Cyrus Samii, T. Zeitzoff","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12027","url":null,"abstract":"How might interventions that engage ordinary citizens in settings of violent conflict affect broader conflict dynamics? Given the volume of resources committed every year to citizen-oriented programs that attempt to promote peace, this is an important question. We develop a framework to analyze processes through which individual-level interventions could mitigate violent conflict escalation more broadly. Individual-level interventions may increase positive feelings toward the outgroup, as well as psychological, social, and material resources among participants. These have the potential to influence behaviors such as policing of the ingroup, public advocacy, and political action that can contribute to peace. Yet, the effectiveness of interventions to influence the conflict is moderated by contextual factors like groups’ access to material resources, their positions in society, and political institutions. We use this analytical framework to assess evidence from recent intervention studies. We find that the current evidence base is quite small, does not cover the diversity of relevant contexts, and gives too little attention to resources and capacities that enable people to engage in conflict mitigation behaviors. Researchers and policy makers should go beyond thinking only about","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"38-77"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The Single Factor Fallacy: Implications of Missing Critical Variables from an Analysis of Intergroup Contact Theory1 单因素谬误:群体间接触理论分析中缺失关键变量的含义

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12026

T. Pettigrew, M. Hewstone

引用次数: 74

Do Social Network Sites Enhance or Undermine Subjective Well‐Being? A Critical Review 社交网站是增强还是破坏主观幸福感?批评性评论

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12033

Philippe Verduyn, O. Ybarra, Maxime Résibois, J. Jonides, E. Kross

{"title":"Do Social Network Sites Enhance or Undermine Subjective Well‐Being? A Critical Review","authors":"Philippe Verduyn, O. Ybarra, Maxime Résibois, J. Jonides, E. Kross","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12033","url":null,"abstract":"Social network sites are ubiquitous and now constitute a common tool people use to interact with one another in daily life. Here we review the consequences of interacting with social network sites for subjective well-being—that is, how people feel moment-to-moment and how satisfied they are with their lives. We begin by clarifying the constructs that we focus on in this review: social network sites and subjective well-being. Next, we review the literature that explains how these constructs are related. This research reveals: (a) negative relationships between passively using social network sites and subjective well-being, and (b) positive relationships between actively using social network sites and subjective well-being, with the former relationship being more robust than the latter. Specifically, passively using social network sites provokes social comparisons and envy, which have negative downstream consequences for subjective well-being. In contrast, when active usage of social network sites predicts subjective well-being, it seems to do so by creating social capital and stimulating feelings of social connectedness. We conclude by discussing the policy implications of this work.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"274-302"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 609

Political Action in the Age of High‐Economic Inequality: A Multilevel Approach 高度经济不平等时代的政治行动:一个多层次的方法

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12032

J. Brown-Iannuzzi, K. B. Lundberg, S. McKee

{"title":"Political Action in the Age of High‐Economic Inequality: A Multilevel Approach","authors":"J. Brown-Iannuzzi, K. B. Lundberg, S. McKee","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12032","url":null,"abstract":"Economic inequality in the United States has reached historic levels—the highest since the Great Depression. Though people may argue over whether inequality is morally wrong or practically undesirable, the consensus seems to be clear: economic inequality is one of the greatest challenges facing the U.S. today. Yet, concern for economic inequality has not seemed to translate into solution-oriented political participation. While acknowledging the complex and multifaceted nature of this issue, the current article explores one particular factor that may help to illuminate the relationship between economic inequality and political behavior, namely socioeconomic status (SES). We propose that both the context of economic inequality and one's position within the socioeconomic hierarchy shape political attitudes and behavior. That is, economic inequality influences political action, but the strength and direction of this influence may depend on the individual's SES. Throughout this article, we highlight the importance of understanding both the objective situation of inequality and an individual's SES, as well as that individual's subjective perceptions of inequality and personal SES. We also underscore the importance of applying a multidisciplinary approach, and in particular a social psychological perspective, to the current research.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"232-273"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Included but Invisible? Subtle Bias, Common Identity, and the Darker Side of “We” 包括但不可见?微妙的偏见，共同的身份，以及“我们”的阴暗面

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12017

J. Dovidio, S. Gaertner, Elze G. Ufkes, Tamar Saguy, Adam R. Pearson

引用次数: 107

Confidence in Contact: A New Perspective on Promoting Cross-Group Friendship Among Children and Adolescents 接触自信:促进儿童青少年跨群体友谊的新视角

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12023

Rhiannon N. Turner, L. Cameron

{"title":"Confidence in Contact: A New Perspective on Promoting Cross-Group Friendship Among Children and Adolescents","authors":"Rhiannon N. Turner, L. Cameron","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12023","url":null,"abstract":"Intergroup contact theory (Allport, 1954) proposes that positive interactions between members of different social groups can improve intergroup relations. Contact should be especially effective in schools, where opportunities may exist to engage cooperatively with peers from different backgrounds and develop cross-group friendships. In turn, these friendships have numerous benefits for intergroup relations. However, there is evidence that children do not always engage in cross-group friendships, often choosing to spend time with same-group peers, even in diverse settings. We argue that in order to capitalise on the potential impact of contact in schools for promoting harmonious intergroup relations, a new model is needed that places confidence in contact at its heart. We present an empirically-driven theoretical model of intergroup contact that outlines the conditions that help to make young people ‘contact ready’, preparing them for successful, sustained intergroup relationships by giving them the confidence that they can engage in contact successfully. After evaluating the traditional approach to intergroup contact in schools, we present our theoretical model which outlines predictors of cross-group friendships that enhance confidence in and readiness for contact. We then discuss theory-driven, empirically tested interventions that could potentially promote confidence in contact. Finally, we make specific recommendations for practitioners and policy makers striving to promote harmonious intergroup relations in the classroom.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"212-246"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 182

Policing and Race: Disparate Treatment, Perceptions, and Policy Responses 警察与种族:不同的待遇、观念和政策回应

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12019

K. Kahn, Karin D. Martin

{"title":"Policing and Race: Disparate Treatment, Perceptions, and Policy Responses","authors":"K. Kahn, Karin D. Martin","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12019","url":null,"abstract":"Police shootings of unarmed African Americans, including Michael Brown, Sean Bell, and Oscar Grant, sparked nationwide protests, debate, and consciousness-raising about race in policing. These high-profile shootings provide pressing reason for an in-depth analysis of race, policing, and policy. This article details the deleterious consequences that racial disparities in policing have on the lives of racial minorities. In trying to understand the source of this disparate treatment, it highlights what empirical social science knows about racial bias in policing, emphasizing how contemporary forms of racial bias can contribute to racially disparate outcomes. The article makes a distinction between what research reveals about the existence of racial bias in policing and perceptions of racially biased policing. Existing racial bias is not always accurately identified nor perceived, which makes it harder to enact change. Examining how to counteract its potential influence, it reviews empirically based interventions to address both police behavior and community perceptions regarding race in policing. From a policy perspective, the article considers the use of police body-worn cameras as a means to promote equitable policing. It concludes with recommendations based on scientific literature, arguing that effective policies must address both the perception of and actual biased policing.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"82-121"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Identity Management during Organizational Mergers: Empirical Insights and Practical Advice 组织合并中的身份管理:实证见解与实践建议

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12018

S. Giessner, Kate E. Horton, S. I. W. Humborstad

引用次数: 37