J. Jetten, C. Haslam, S. Haslam, G. Dingle, Janelle M. Jones
{"title":"How Groups Affect Our Health and Well‐Being: The Path from Theory to Policy","authors":"J. Jetten, C. Haslam, S. Haslam, G. Dingle, Janelle M. Jones","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12003","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable evidence now exists that people can draw on social groups in order to maintain and enhance health and well-being. We review this evidence and suggest that social identity theorizing, and its development in the social identity approach to health and well-being, can help us to understand the way that groups, and the identities that underpin them, can promote a social cure. Specifically, we propose that social groups are important psychological resources that have the capacity to protect health and well-being, but that they are only utilized effectively when individuals perceive they share identity with another individual or group. However, as powerful as shared identities may be, their consequences for health are largely ignored in policy and practice. In this review, we offer a novel direction for policy, identifying ways in which building and consolidating group identification can help to capitalize effectively on the potential of group membership for health. Using this as a basis to increase awareness, we go further to offer practical interventions aimed at assessing identity resources as substantial and concrete assets, which can be cultivated and harnessed in order to realize their health-enhancing potential.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"103-130"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Informal Caregiving: A Reappraisal of Effects on Caregivers","authors":"R. Brown, Stephanie L. Brown","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12002","url":null,"abstract":"For decades caregiver distress (psychological and physical) has been considered an inevitable outcome of providing care for family members, loved ones, and others who require assistance. This negative assessment of informal caregiving pervades not only peer-reviewed scientific articles, but also caregiving-relevant agency reports, fact sheets, policy recommendations, advice columns, and media discussions. Our review critically examines this assessment in light of important methodological limitations of supporting studies, and considers theory and research that suggest an alternative appraisal of caregiving. We find that the case for an overall negative evaluation of caregiver effects is, for the most part, unjustified. Indeed, recent data suggest that giving may yield beneficial health and well-being outcomes, including reduced mortality for informal caregivers. An alternative, more balanced view of caregiving has important implications for research and theory, caregiver assessment and intervention, and public policy.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"74-102"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reintegration Challenges in U.S. Service Members and Veterans Following Combat Deployment","authors":"Nina A. Sayer, K. Carlson, P. Frazier","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12001","url":null,"abstract":"Although the majority of combat veterans reintegrate into civilian life without long-lasting problems, a sizable minority return from deployment with psychiatric or physical injuries that warrant medical attention. Even in the absence of diagnosable disorders, many experience functional problems that impede full reintegration into civilian life. Considerable resources have been allocated to studying, diagnosing, treating, and compensating combat-related disorders. This important work has resulted in significant improvements in healthcare for those with deployment-related difficulties. Nevertheless, many service members and veterans with reintegration difficulty may not receive needed help. Based on our review, we argue that in addition to treatment and compensation for diagnosable postdeployment problems, a comprehensive approach to reintegration is needed that includes partnership between the government, private sector, and the public.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"33-73"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susanne Bruckmueller, Michelle K. Ryan, F. Rink, A. Haslam
{"title":"Beyond the Glass Ceiling: The Glass Cliff and Its Lessons for Organizational Policy","authors":"Susanne Bruckmueller, Michelle K. Ryan, F. Rink, A. Haslam","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12006","url":null,"abstract":"It has been almost 30 years since the metaphor of the \"glass ceiling\" was coined to describe the often subtle, but very real, barriers that women face as they try to climb the organizational hierarchy. Here we review evidence for a relatively new form of gender discrimination-captured by the metaphor of the glass cliff-that women face when they obtain positions of leadership. Such positions often prove to be more risky and precarious than those of their male counterparts. We summarize evidence demonstrating the existence of glass cliffs in business and politics as well as experimental work that identifies a number of factors contributing to the phenomenon. We then discuss implications for policy and practice, highlighting the importance of understanding women's and men's experiences in the workplace rather than treating gender diversity as merely \"a numbers game.\"","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"202-232"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Workplace Diversity: A Social–Ecological Framework and Policy Implications","authors":"M. Bond, M. Haynes","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12005","url":null,"abstract":"The diversification of the global workforce brings both challenges and opportunities. We focus on diversity defined by membership in traditionally underrepresented groups. To harness the power of diversity, organizations must: increase representation of diverse individuals throughout the organizational hierarchy, attend to the social processes that emerge once diversity is present, and foster an organizational climate that supports the full inclusion of diverse individuals. We review dynamics at multiple levels of analysis that affect organizations in these three realms. Policy recommendations are grounded in the following ecological principles: (1) organizational issues are nested within multiple levels of context, (2) any organizational event can have reverberating effects throughout the system, (3) people's experiences of events shape their reactions and the impact of practices on varied groups shapes organizational consequences, and (4) people are continually adapting to one another and to organizational resources and requirements.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"167-201"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bonita London, Sheana Ahlqvist, Ángel Gonzalez, Kiana V. Glanton, G. Thompson
{"title":"The Social and Educational Consequences of Identity‐Based Rejection","authors":"Bonita London, Sheana Ahlqvist, Ángel Gonzalez, Kiana V. Glanton, G. Thompson","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12004","url":null,"abstract":"Legal and social sanctions on overt discrimination in educational institutions were implemented to redress the inequalities associated with years of segregation and unequal treatment of groups on the basis of social identity characteristics such as race, gender, and nationality. In this article, we draw on research and theory demonstrating that, despite sanctions on overt discrimination, biases and cues of threat persist in educational institutions and are often present in subtle and ambiguous forms. These threats burden members of historically stigmatized groups (e.g., women, racial minority group members) with stress in the form of negative achievement expectations that ultimately undermine their psychological well-being and academic achievement and success outcomes. To capture the process by which these threats impact students from historically stigmatized groups, we present a critical review and analysis of research and theory from the identity-based Rejection Sensitivity literature. This literature demonstrates the interplay between the individual's appraisals and coping mechanisms with the threatening messages present in the environment. Our analysis applies a stress and coping framework to integrate the literatures on social identity threat and identity-based Rejection Sensitivity, and to ground education policy recommendations.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"69 1","pages":"131-166"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rethinking Homelessness Prevention among Persons with Serious Mental Illness","authors":"A. Montgomery, Stephen Metraux, D. Culhane","doi":"10.1111/J.1751-2409.2012.01043.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1751-2409.2012.01043.X","url":null,"abstract":"During recent years, the need to consider effective and innovative ways to prevent and end homelessness among individuals with serious mental illness has been abetted by an increased and more sophisticated understanding of the composition of the homeless population, the emergence of evidence-based practices to address homelessness, and the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. This article summarizes the evolving understanding of the role that serious mental illness plays in homelessness as well as the interventions that are effective at preventing and ending homelessness among persons with serious mental illness. This summary contextualizes a discussion of the practice and policy agenda to address homelessness among people with serious mental illness using a new prevention framework and considering the opportunities inherent in increased affordable health care coverage for very low-income individuals with serious mental illness.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"58-82"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1751-2409.2012.01043.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63316863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen Peters, William Klein, Annette Kaufman, Louise Meilleur, Anna Dixon
{"title":"More Is Not Always Better: Intuitions About Effective Public Policy Can Lead to Unintended Consequences.","authors":"Ellen Peters, William Klein, Annette Kaufman, Louise Meilleur, Anna Dixon","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-2409.2012.01045.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-2409.2012.01045.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public policy decisions often appear based on an assumption that providing more options, more information, and greater decision-making autonomy to consumers will produce better outcomes. We examine reasons why this \"more-is-better\" approach exists based on the psychological literature. Although better outcomes can result from informed consumer choice, we argue that more options, information, and autonomy can also lead to unintended negative consequences. We use mostly health-related policies and guidelines from the United States and elsewhere as exemplars. We consider various psychological mechanisms that cause these unintended consequences including cognitive overload, affect, and anticipated regret, information salience and availability, and trust in governments as authoritative information providers. We also point toward potential solutions based on psychological research that may reduce the negative unintended consequences of a \"more-is-better\" approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"114-148"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758756/pdf/nihms503133.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31703025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subtyping Ageism: Policy Issues in Succession and Consumption.","authors":"Michael S North, Susan T Fiske","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-2409.2012.01042.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-2409.2012.01042.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ageism research tends to lump \"older people\" together as one group, as do policy matters that conceptualize everyone over-65 as \"senior.\" This approach is problematic primarily because it often fails to represent accurately a rapidly growing, diverse, and healthy older population. In light of this, we review the ageism literature, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between the still-active \"young-old\" and the potentially more impaired \"old-old\" (Neugarten, 1974). We argue that ageism theory has disproportionately focused on the old-old and differentiate the forms of age discrimination that apparently target each elder subgroup. In particular, we highlight the young-old's plights predominantly in the workplace and tensions concerning succession of desirable resources; by contrast, old-old predicaments likely center on consumption of shared resources outside of the workplace. For both social psychological researchers and policymakers, accurately subtyping ageism will help society best accommodate a burgeoning, diverse older population.</p>","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"36-57"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3919636/pdf/nihms548082.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32112449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}