Social Issues and Policy Review最新文献_第9页

Norm Perception as a Vehicle for Social Change 规范感知作为社会变革的载体

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12022

Margaret E. Tankard, E. Paluck

{"title":"Norm Perception as a Vehicle for Social Change","authors":"Margaret E. Tankard, E. Paluck","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12022","url":null,"abstract":"How can we change social norms, the standards describing typical or desirable behavior? Because individuals’ perceptions of norms guide their personal behavior, influencing these perceptions is one way to create social change. And yet individuals do not form perceptions of typical or desirable behavior in an unbiased manner. Individuals attend to select sources of normative information, and their resulting perceptions rarely match actual rates of behavior in their environment. Thus, changing social norms requires an understanding of how individuals perceive norms in the first place. We describe three sources of information that people use to understand norms—individual behavior, summary information about a group, and institutional signals. Social change interventions have used each source to influence perceived norms and behaviors, including recycling, intimate-partner violence, and peer harassment. We discuss conditions under which influence over perceived norms is likely to be stronger, based on the source of the normative information and individuals’ relationship to the source. Finally, we point to future research and suggest when it is most appropriate to use a norm change strategy in the interest of behavior and social change.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"181-211"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 473

Understanding the Obesity Problem: Policy Implications of a Motivational Account of (Un)Healthy Eating 理解肥胖问题:(非)健康饮食动机账户的政策含义

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12021

E. Orehek, Anna Vazeou-Nieuwenhuis

{"title":"Understanding the Obesity Problem: Policy Implications of a Motivational Account of (Un)Healthy Eating","authors":"E. Orehek, Anna Vazeou-Nieuwenhuis","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12021","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity represents a serious public health issue. One major contributor to obesity is the quality and quantity of foods one consumes. Psychological research trying to understand overeating and unhealthy eating behavior has often attributed it to homeostatic malfunction and/or lack of self-regulatory ability. We propose a different approach here, suggesting that eating behavior represents goal pursuit and that obesity is the result of reliance on foods that fulfill convenience goals and price goals at the expense of health goals. We propose and present empirical evidence suggesting that people are capable of making healthier choices when health (rather than convenience and price) concerns predominate and healthy options are available. Based on this existing evidence we suggest that (1) future research should further explore individuals’ food choice as a function of the multiple goals they attempt to achieve rather than as a lack of willpower, and (2) policy may contribute to healthy eating by reprioritizing these goals and emphasizing health while increasing the availability and affordability of healthy foods.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"10 1","pages":"151-180"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Growing Up under Corporate Capitalism: The Problem of Marketing to Children, with Suggestions for Policy Solutions 在公司资本主义下成长:向儿童推销的问题及政策解决建议

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12020

T. Kasser, S. Linn

引用次数: 32

A Developmental Science Approach to Reducing Prejudice and Social Exclusion: Intergroup Processes, Social‐Cognitive Development, and Moral Reasoning 减少偏见和社会排斥的发展科学方法:群体间过程、社会认知发展和道德推理

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12012

A. Rutland, M. Killen

{"title":"A Developmental Science Approach to Reducing Prejudice and Social Exclusion: Intergroup Processes, Social‐Cognitive Development, and Moral Reasoning","authors":"A. Rutland, M. Killen","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12012","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a developmental science approach to changing attitudes and rectifying prejudice and discrimination. This is crucial because stereotypes and prejudicial attitudes are deeply entrenched by adulthood; the time for intervention is before biases are fully formed in adulthood. Adults as well as children are both the recipients and the perpetrators of prejudice as reflected by social exclusion based on group membership. Determining the factors that inhibit or reduce the negative outcomes of prejudice and exclusion is of paramount importance. Research reveals that young children are aware of in-group and out-group differences very early but what becomes full-fledged prejudice, in fact, emerges slowly during childhood and adolescence. At the same time, morality, an understanding of fairness and equality, emerges during this same time period. On the positive side, evidence reveals that in certain contexts, children understand the unfairness of prejudicial attitudes and social exclusion designed to inflict harm on others. On the negative side, prejudicial attitudes, even when not intentional, have detrimental consequences for children as targets of biased attitudes. This article describes research on social reasoning, moral judgments, group identity, group norms, and intergroup contact in childhood to shed light on the catalysts and obstacles that exist for the goal of promoting the development of positive intergroup attitudes from early childhood to adulthood. Implications for policy and intervention are provided.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"121-154"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 227

Community Organizing: Practice, Research, and Policy Implications 社区组织:实践、研究和政策启示

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12014

Brian D. Christens, P. Speer

引用次数: 85

Inclusive Victim Consciousness in Advocacy, Social Movements, and Intergroup Relations: Promises and Pitfalls 倡导、社会运动和群体间关系中的包容性受害者意识:承诺与陷阱

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12011

J. Vollhardt

{"title":"Inclusive Victim Consciousness in Advocacy, Social Movements, and Intergroup Relations: Promises and Pitfalls","authors":"J. Vollhardt","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12011","url":null,"abstract":"While researchers and policy makers often focus their attention on the detrimental consequences of collective victimhood, it has been posited that these negative outcomes are linked to particular construals of the ingroup's victimization: namely those that focus on the uniqueness of these experiences (exclusive victim consciousness). In contrast, perceived similarities across victim groups (inclusive victim consciousness) may be associated with more positive outcomes, including victim groups assisting and advocating for each other or engaging in joint collective action. Drawing on social psychological research and real-world cases, this review provides examples of inclusive victim consciousness in several policy-relevant domains. A distinction is made between conflict-specific and general inclusive victim consciousness. Additionally, motivations for expressing inclusive victim consciousness are discussed that vary in their degree of ingroup- versus outgroup-concern. Factors are suggested that may promote or decrease inclusive victim consciousness, including steps that can be taken by policy makers and practitioners. Finally, potential challenges and risks involved in attempts to promote inclusive victim consciousness are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"89-120"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 85

The Social Psychology of False Confessions 虚假供词的社会心理学

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12009

S. Kassin

{"title":"The Social Psychology of False Confessions","authors":"S. Kassin","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12009","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by DNA exoneration cases and other wrongful convictions of innocent people who had confessed to crimes they did not commit, and drawing from basic principles of social perception and social influence, a vast body of research has focused on the social psychology of confessions. In particular, this article describes laboratory and field studies on the “Milgramesque” processes of police interviewing an interrogation, the methods by which innocent people are judged deceptiveandinducedintoconfession,andtheripplingeffectsoftheseconfessions onjudges,juries,layandexpertwitnesses,andthetruth-seekingprocessitself.This article concludes with a discussion of social and policy implications—including a call for the mandatory video recording of entire interrogations, blind testing in forensic science labs, and the admissibility of confession experts in court. The 2012 film, The Central Park Five, tells a horrific tale about a profound, disturbing, and all-too-common manifestation of social influence. In 1989, a female jogger was raped, beaten, and left for dead in New York City’s Central Park. She managed to survive but could not remember anything about the attack—then or now. Within 72 hours, five African- and Hispanic-American boys, 14–16 years old, confessed to the assault. Solely on the basis of their oral confessions, four of which were videotaped, and all of which were vividly detailed, though often erroneous, the boys were convicted and sentenced to prison. Almost nobody questioned their guilt—even though there was no other evidence; even though DNA tests on sperm that was recovered from the victim and her clothing had excluded them all. Thirteen years later, Matias Reyes, in prison for two rapes and a murder committed subsequent to the jogger attack, stepped forward to admit that he was the Central Park jogger rapist and that he acted alone. Reinvestigating the case, the ManhattanDistrictAttorneyquestionedReyesanddiscoveredthathehadaccurate","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"25-51"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

The Psychology of Charitable Donations to Disaster Victims and Beyond 赈灾及其他慈善捐赠的心理

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12013

Hanna Zagefka, T. James

引用次数: 93

New Routes to Recruiting and Retaining Women in STEM: Policy Implications of a Communal Goal Congruity Perspective 在STEM领域招聘和留住女性的新途径:公共目标一致性视角的政策含义

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12010

A. Diekman, Erica S. Weisgram, A. Belanger

{"title":"New Routes to Recruiting and Retaining Women in STEM: Policy Implications of a Communal Goal Congruity Perspective","authors":"A. Diekman, Erica S. Weisgram, A. Belanger","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12010","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances within a wide range of professional roles, women remain a minority in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees and occupations. The gender gap in mathematics and science performance has converged, and so it is important to consider the motivational reasons that might underlie the differential STEM pursuits of women and men. The goal congruity perspective contends that a fundamental cause of gender gaps in STEM pursuits is the gender difference in communal motivation (i.e., an orientation toward others). STEM fields may be particularly likely to deter communally oriented individuals because these fields are thought to impede goals of directly benefitting others, altruism, or collaboration. In this review, we examine how the communal goal perspective might address the challenges of gender gaps in STEM pursuits from childhood through adulthood. We review the logic and evidence for the goal congruity perspective, and we examine two other deterrents to women in STEM—work-family challenges and stereotyping—from the perspective of this framework. We then examine particular recommendations for policy actions that might broaden participation of women and girls, and communally oriented people generally, in STEM.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"52-88"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63735171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 139

Feeling at Home in College: Fortifying School‐Relevant Selves to Reduce Social Class Disparities in Higher Education 在大学里有家的感觉:强化与学校相关的自我，减少高等教育中的社会阶级差距

IF 9.4 1区心理学

Social Issues and Policy Review Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/SIPR.12008

Nicole M. Stephens, Tiffany N. Brannon, H. Markus, Jessica E. Nelson

{"title":"Feeling at Home in College: Fortifying School‐Relevant Selves to Reduce Social Class Disparities in Higher Education","authors":"Nicole M. Stephens, Tiffany N. Brannon, H. Markus, Jessica E. Nelson","doi":"10.1111/SIPR.12008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/SIPR.12008","url":null,"abstract":"Social class disparities in higher education between working-class students (i.e., students who are low income and/or do not have parents with four-year college degrees) and middle-class students (i.e., students who are high income and/or have at least one parent with a four year-degree) are on the rise. There is an urgent need for interventions, or changes to universities' ideas and practices, to increase working-class students' access to and performance in higher education. The current article identifies key factors that characterize successful interventions aimed at reducing social class disparities, and proposes additional interventions that have the potential to improve working-class students' chances of college success. As we propose in the article, effective interventions must first address key individual and structural factors that can create barriers to students' college success. At the same time, interventions should also fortify school-relevant selves, or increase students' sense that the pursuit of a college degree is central to “who I am.” When students experience this strong connection between their selves and what it means to attend and perform well in college, they will gain a sense that they fit in the academic environment and will be empowered to do what it takes to succeed there.","PeriodicalId":47129,"journal":{"name":"Social Issues and Policy Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/SIPR.12008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63734800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 116