IDCases最新文献

{"title":"Rare bilateral optic neuritis following herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an immunocompetent adult: A case report","authors":"Mohammad Amin Najafi,&nbsp;Hamidreza Kianersi,&nbsp;Shamim Shafieioun,&nbsp;Maryam Soleimani Shokooh,&nbsp;Farshad Afshar","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. Optic neuritis is an uncommon but vision-threatening complication, and bilateral optic nerve involvement in immunocompetent individuals is exceptionally rare.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 40-year-old immunocompetent man presented with acute right frontal and periorbital pain followed by a vesicular rash in the right ophthalmic division, including Hutchinson’s sign. Initial visual acuity was normal, and oral valacyclovir was started. Within days, he developed rapidly progressive visual loss in the right eye with optic disc edema and right optic nerve enhancement on orbital magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and systemic autoimmune and infectious workups were unrevealing. After admission, oral valacyclovir was switched to intravenous acyclovir, and oral corticosteroid therapy was initiated. On the following day, visual acuity in the right eye declined to light perception, and the previously unaffected left eye developed decreased visual acuity, impaired color vision, and visual field defects. Corticosteroid treatment was therefore escalated to intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Because of subsequent bilateral visual deterioration, intravenous immunoglobulin was added and administered for 5 days. Despite partial radiologic improvement, vision in the right eye progressed to permanent no light perception. Left eye visual acuity partially recovered to 0.9 (approximately 20/22 Snellen) at follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights the fulminant course of herpes zoster ophthalmicus-associated optic neuritis and shows that bilateral optic nerve involvement may occur even in immunocompetent patients. Early recognition, close monitoring of both eyes, and prompt escalation of therapy are critical when optic nerve involvement is suspected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e02748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148917035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of a novel NDM-4-producing Citrobacter freundii complex species in a complicated urinary tract infection treated with cefiderocol","authors":"Cheyanne Boehm,&nbsp;Tanis C. Dingle,&nbsp;Matthew A. Croxen,&nbsp;Tarah Lynch,&nbsp;Deirdre Church","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections represent a growing global health threat with increasingly limited therapeutic options. We report a case of complicated urinary tract infection in a 70-year-old woman with underlying renal cysts complicated by rupture and subsequent formation of left infrarenal and paracolic pelvic abscesses. The initial infection was caused by <em>Escherichia coli</em>; however, following initial prolonged broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, a novel New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM type carbapenemase)-producing <em>Citrobacter</em> species was subsequently isolated from urine cultures. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed identification as a novel <em>Citrobacter</em> species and identified the presence of a <em>bla</em>NDM-4 gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to most tested agents, with susceptibility limited to nitrofurantoin, cefiderocol, aztreonam, doxycycline, and tigecycline. Repeat abscess drainage and treatment with cefiderocol resulted in clinical and microbiological resolution of infection. This case underscores the critical role of drainage and access to newer antibiotic agents in management of complex intra-abdominal infections. Genome sequencing aids the detection of novel reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacterales</em> that may emerge during prolonged antimicrobial exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e02724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a sentinel manifestation of good syndrome in a patient with thymoma","authors":"Mahshid Movahedi,&nbsp;Zahra Arabi,&nbsp;Shahin farzadmanesh","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Good syndrome is a rare adult-onset combined immunodeficiency associated with thymoma, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired T-cell–mediated immunity. Opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and invasive aspergillosis may represent a severe but underrecognized manifestation. In some cases, it may serve as a sentinel presentation leading to the diagnosis of Good syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 52-year-old man presented with a history of thymoma and myasthenia gravis, chronic sinopulmonary infections, cytomegalovirus colitis, chronic diarrhea, and cytopenia. Chest CT scan revealed multiple pulmonary nodules and tree-in-bud opacities. Bronchoalveolar lavage, galactomannan assay, and lung biopsy confirmed Aspergillus infection. Subsequent comprehensive immunologic evaluation demonstrated hypogammaglobulinemia, markedly reduced peripheral B cells (CD19⁺), and impaired T-cell immunity, consistent with Good syndrome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis can serve as a key sentinel manifestation leading to the diagnosis of Good syndrome in patients with thymoma. Early recognition of opportunistic infections and prompt immunological assessment are critical for timely treatment and improved clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e02727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148776556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined pneumonia and glandular tularemia following a tick bite in an immunocompromised patient","authors":"Theo Van Gucht,&nbsp;Presenna Suntharasarma,&nbsp;Alia Barthel,&nbsp;Mahsa Mohseni-Zadeh,&nbsp;Guillaume Gregorowicz,&nbsp;Olivier Augereau,&nbsp;Victor Gerber,&nbsp;Martin Martinot","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Francisella tularensis</em> can cause a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on the route of inoculation. In northeastern France, tick bites are a frequent route of transmission. Typically, vector-borne inoculation results in glandular or ulceroglandular forms, whereas aerosol exposure causes pulmonary forms. We report the case of a 72-year-old immunocompromised woman (rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate) who developed pneumonia six days after a tick bite, diagnosed four weeks later with a glandular tularemia. Although <em>Francisella tularensis</em> was not isolated from the lungs, a diagnosis of pulmonary tularemia was suspected at the adenitis stage based on serology and Polymerase chain reaction testing performed on the affected lymph node. The patient was successfully treated by ciprofloxacin. This case underscores the possibility of pulmonary tularemia following tick bites and the fact that multiple clinical forms may coexist in the same patient. Physicians should consider tularemia in case of pneumonia, especially when suggestive factors such as tick exposure or adenitis are present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e02776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149005820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serratia marcescens peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient: A case report and literature review","authors":"Orhan Altınyüzük,&nbsp;Melike Hazal Umut,&nbsp;Bartu Ediz,&nbsp;Meral Meşe,&nbsp;Serkan Feyyaz Yalın,&nbsp;Ergün Parmaksız","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Peritonitis caused by <em>Serratia marcescens</em> in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a rare but clinically significant condition. As an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen with notable genomic plasticity and biofilm-forming capacity, <em>Serratia marcescens</em> frequently leads to catheter loss and treatment failure. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges, antibiotic management strategy, and the clinical course leading to catheter removal in a high-risk continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>A 61-year-old woman with stage 5 chronic kidney disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis for four years presented with abdominal pain, nausea, fever (38.3°C), and cloudy dialysate. Dialysate white blood cell count was markedly elevated at 5600/mm³ with neutrophil predominance. Peritonitis was diagnosed per International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis criteria. Peritoneal fluid culture grew <em>Serratia marcescens</em> susceptible to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, imipenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but resistant to amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin. Empirical therapy with piperacillin/tazobactam and teicoplanin was replaced by intravenous plus intraperitoneal meropenem combined with teicoplanin. Despite a partial decrease in dialysate cell count, persistent fever and inadequate acute phase reactant response led to catheter removal after approximately 21 days of targeted therapy. Following catheter removal and 14 additional days of antibiotic treatment (35 days total), the patient recovered fully and was transitioned to hemodialysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case underscores the aggressive nature of <em>Serratia marcescens</em> peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients and highlights the importance of prompt empirical antibiotic therapy, early culture-directed treatment escalation, and timely catheter removal decisions. Intraperitoneal plus intravenous meropenem represents a rational therapeutic strategy, yet catheter salvage may not always be achievable. Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for catheter removal in refractory gram-negative peritonitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e02764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149053606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serologically supported pediatric brucellosis presenting with marked conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and marked systemic inflammation: A case report","authors":"Inderdeep Singh Kochar,&nbsp;Mudita Arora,&nbsp;Raja Ram Meghwal,&nbsp;Pushpendra Magon","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis is a multisystem zoonosis that can mimic complicated bacterial infection in children. A 10-year-old girl presented with prolonged high-grade fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia and weight loss. The initial syndrome was managed empirically as an undifferentiated complicated bacterial illness because enteric fever and a hepatobiliary or intra-abdominal source were considered. CRP was 333.2 mg/L and total/direct bilirubin 7.24/5.21 mg/dL despite only mild aminotransferase elevation; ultrasonography showed hepatomegaly and nonspecific gallbladder-wall edema without biliary dilatation or focal lesions. CRP peaked at 407.1 mg/L and began falling during meropenem-linezolid therapy before Brucella-directed treatment, so biomarker response was not used diagnostically. Re-taking the history revealed daily consumption of unboiled dairy milk for several months. On hospital day 6, doxycycline, rifampicin and gentamicin were started simultaneously, with discontinuation of meropenem and linezolid. Brucella serology was concordant: a laboratory-reported agglutination result labelled B. melitensis was reactive at 1:80 and later EIA showed strongly positive IgM and IgG, but neither test established species identity and culture/PCR confirmation was not obtained. Fever resolved by hospital day 14. At immediate post-treatment follow-up on 8 September 2026, she remained clinically well; weight had increased from 19 to 20 kg, CRP was 1.2 mg/L, total/direct bilirubin 0.8/0.2 mg/dL, AST/ALT 34/43 IU/L and alkaline phosphatase 417 U/L (within a published pediatric reference interval), with renal function within the laboratory reference range. Hemoglobin had improved to 7.8 g/dL with persistent microcytosis, before oral iron supplementation was initiated. The diagnosis is therefore best regarded as serologically supported pediatric brucellosis rather than microbiologically confirmed disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e02783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium abscessus lumbar osteomyelitis: A rare and challenging case with review of literature","authors":"Mohammed S. Zaman ,&nbsp;Rootul Kakadia ,&nbsp;Abhinav Kakuturu ,&nbsp;Moamen Al Zoubi","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 65-year-old male presented with a three-month history of back pain, increased urinary frequency and lower extremity edema. MRI spine suggested discitis/osteomyelitis at L3-L4 (Fig. 1), and blood cultures and lumbar biopsy grew gram-positive bacilli. Despite IV antibiotics, the patient continued to experience back pain. Subsequent cultures identified <em>Mycobacterium abscessus</em>. He was initially treated with IV amikacin, IV meropenem, IV tigecycline, and oral linezolid. He also underwent L3-L4 discectomy, fusion, and posterior L2-L5 fusion with drain placement. He was discharged on IV tigecycline, imipenem, amikacin, and oral linezolid, later transitioning to oral omadacycline, azithromycin, and linezolid (Table 1). This case illustrates the challenges of managing <em>Mycobacterium abscessus</em> (MAB) infections, which require a multi-drug approach due to intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. Therapy should begin with in-vitro guided IV antibiotics and transition to oral drugs for the continuation phase, optimizing therapeutic efficacy and overcoming resistance mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misleading presentation of tuberculosis in a child with CGD revealing invasive aspergillosis: A molecularly confirmed case","authors":"Marjan Aghajani ,&nbsp;Nima Parvaneh ,&nbsp;Shahram Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khansari ,&nbsp;Fuad Haghighat ,&nbsp;Kimia Kamali Sarvestani ,&nbsp;Romina Ghazi Mirsaid ,&nbsp;Hasti Kamali Sarvestani","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Purpose</h3><div>Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) are susceptible to serious infections including, invasive aspergillosis (IA), which remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and management are often challenging due to overlapping clinical features and variable treatment responses.</div></div><div><h3>Case report</h3><div>Here we report a 4-year-old girl with CGD who admitted with cellulitis, a chest wall abscess, and fever. She had a history of recurrent pneumonia since infancy and a prior diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Despite broad-spectrum antibacterial, her condition did not improve. Direct microscopic and macroscopic investigations revealed fungal infection with <em>Aspergillus</em> species.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Molecular identification confirmed the isolates as <em>A</em>. <em>fumigatus.</em> According to the antifungal susceptibility testing, amphotericin B and posaconazole demonstrated strongest activity and the patient was successfully treated by liposomal amphotericin B (50 mg/day) and caspofungin (35 mg/day).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subretinal parasitic lesion mimicking viral retinitis managed with combined medical therapy and laser photocoagulation","authors":"Thanh Ngoc Tran ,&nbsp;Hai Xuan Ho ,&nbsp;Thoa Thi Doan ,&nbsp;Hong Son Cung","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2026.e02543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitic infections can present with variable manifestations and may mimic viral retinitis, particularly when intraocular inflammation is prominent. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman experiencing worsening blurred vision in her right eye for over a month. She was previously diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis and treated with corticosteroids and acyclovir, but her condition continued to decline. Fundus examination showed dense vitritis and an ill-defined area of retinitis along the superior temporal arcade. Serologic tests were positive for <em>Toxocara</em> IgG and <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> IgG, while PCR testing of aqueous humor for viral pathogens was negative. Antihelminthic therapy was initiated, resulting in gradual improvement in media clarity and revealing a subretinal parasitic lesion within the area of retinitis. Once confirmed to be extramacular, focal laser photocoagulation was performed. During follow-up, intraocular inflammation subsided, the subretinal parasite fragmented, and best-corrected visual acuity improved to 20/25 and remained stable. This case highlights that parasitic infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infectious uveitis that does not respond to initial treatment in regions where parasitic infections are common. Combining focal laser photocoagulation with medical therapy may help control inflammation and preserve vision when a distinct extramacular subretinal parasite is detected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e02543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147417084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of non-wound tetanus mimicking botulism successfully managed in the ICU","authors":"Erdem Yalcinkaya ,&nbsp;Umut Sabri Kasapoğlu ,&nbsp;Hasan Basri Yapici ,&nbsp;Begum Tamer","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tetanus and botulism are neurotoxin-mediated diseases caused by <em>Clostridium species but differ in their clinical manifestations and mechanisms of paralysis.</em></div></div><div><h3>Case</h3><div>A 36-year-old woman presented with presented with rapidly progressive trismus, dysarthria, and facial paresthesia without an identifiable wound. Neuroimaging was normal. She had undergone laser eye surgery two days earlier and consumed home-canned food two weeks before admission. One month prior, her house had been flooded, and she recalled possible minor hand injuries sustained during post-flood cleaning. Given the typical rigidity and absence of focal neurological lesions, tetanus was suspected. Human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG, 500 IU intramuscularly) and intravenous metronidazole were administered, leading to complete resolution of symptoms within 24 h.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case illustrates that even minimal or unnoticed injuries can serve as a portal of entry for <em>Clostridium tetani</em>. Non-wound tetanus should be considered in patients presenting with trismus and cranial symptoms, even when no wound is apparent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e02476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}