Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献

{"title":"Measuring the human-dimension of outdoor recreation and its impacts on terrestrial wildlife","authors":"Laura M. Cardona ,&nbsp;Barry W. Brook ,&nbsp;Andrew Harwood ,&nbsp;Jessie C. Buettel","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inclusion and measurement of the various human-dependent factors that modulate wildlife responses to non-consumptive outdoor recreational activities is crucial for improving our understanding of the complex nature by which these activities influence wildlife. A wide range of methods exist to collect this information, yet little is known about whether and how they are used to improve our understanding of the impact of outdoor recreational activity on wildlife. Here, we critically assess the methods used to measure the outdoor recreational activity in 242 studies that focused on discerning their impacts on terrestrial mammals and birds. We identified and categorised the methods used into nine classes: available records, disturbance treatments, observations, camera trapping, GPS tracking devices, traffic counters, audio recordings, questionnaires, and interviews. We found that almost half of the studies (45.5%) used more than one method. Notably, while most studies used available records (59.1%), their use has decreased, and the less commonly used methods (e.g., camera trapping and GPS tracking devices) are encouragingly becoming more prevalent. We also found that even though the diversity of methods is increasing, their use has been limited to collecting information on the intensity of the outdoor recreation, despite the capacity of many to collect additional information (e.g., the behaviour and perceptions of recreationists). This review highlights the need for future studies to expand the range of methods used to measure the outdoor recreational activity, collaborate across disciplines, and consider the broader diversity of information that can be gathered on recreationists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000768/pdfft?md5=c95b0e069078ffa9c69f72e90ba6aa67&pid=1-s2.0-S2213078024000768-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring belongingness in outdoor orientation programs","authors":"Brent J. Bell ,&nbsp;Anthony Molinaro","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outdoor orientation programs (OOPs) are reported to be successful at increasing students' feelings of belongingness. Currently only a handful of measures exist for assessing college students’ sense of belonging. This exploratory study examines three belongingness scales currently used in higher education assessing their effectiveness as measures of OOPs: the Student Belongingness Scale, the Workplace Belongingness Scale, and a one-question belongingness measure. The scales varied in their focus; for example, the Student Belongingness Scale measured perceptions of both peer belonging and institutional belonging. Researchers determined that scales focusing on belongingness to a small group provided the most useful data for OOPs. Management Implications: The findings of this study suggest managers of outdoor recreation programs consider ways to measure a sense of belongingness among participants as belongingness continues to grow as a measurement concept important to managers of outdoor recreation programs. Researchers recommend using an adaptation of the Workplace Belongingness Scale (renamed The Adventure Belongingness Scale) because the scale has both face validity and high correlations with the Behavioral Trust Inventory. The Student Belongingness Scale provides particularly useful data for assessing belongingness to institutions. Both scales should be considered to provide insight into the effectiveness of OOPs. The data for this study were collected via an online survey conducted in the fall of 2021.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local nature-based recreation as a pathway to environmental citizenship","authors":"Sammie L. Powers ,&nbsp;Nate Trauntvein","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local parks and protected areas (PPAs) offer important settings for nature exposure proximate to home that may encourage local environmental citizenship (LEC); however, there has been limited investigation of this relationship and how it may be impacted by individual characteristics. This national panel study of U.S. adults examined relationships between frequency of visitation to local nature-based recreation settings and LEC, with assessment of differences by race/ethnicity and associations with age and political orientation (<em>N</em> = 556). Results indicate that more frequent visitation to local nature-based recreation settings is associated with significantly greater environmental advocacy and activism, volunteering, literacy, and political ecological citizenship. Age was negatively related to environmental advocacy and activism, volunteering, and literacy, and liberalism was associated with greater participation in all types of LEC, especially political ecological citizenship. Most LEC types did not vary by race/ethnicity, although there were small differences in environmental advocacy and activism, which was higher among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino populations compared to Asian respondents. Findings indicate that frequency of visitation to local nature-based recreation settings is associated with LEC regardless of one's age, political orientation, or race/ethnicity, and thus increasing equitable access to local nature-based recreation, especially among those who have been historically underserved, has the potential to encourage PPA stewardship through LEC, while also contributing to the advancement of procedural environmental justice.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Environmental stewardship and volunteer organizations should focus on supporting land managers in advancing equity in local parks and protected areas (PPAs) as well as engaging users in these spaces through programs which leverage people's connection with nature at the local scale and provide opportunities for accessible involvement in environmental citizenship activities.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Interpretation and education can be used to increase individual's environmental knowledge, while contextualizing such information to places they care about.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Enhanced promotion of local opportunities for stewardship among local PPA visitors may be warranted, especially events or programs with few barriers to entry that might encourage greater future participation.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141997583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A research on Fethiye Babadag commercial tandem paragliding participants within the scope of experiential tourism","authors":"Onur Akbulut ,&nbsp;Tunahan Çelik ,&nbsp;Yakın Ekin ,&nbsp;Ayşe Çelik Yetim","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100806","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The tourism sector has continuously evolved and restructured due to technological, economic, and social transformations. Experiential tourism is an approach that takes tourists from being mere observers to placing them at the center of the experience, encouraging them to learn new things and personally develop during their travels. The study explores the perceptions of tourists who participate in paragliding regarding their experiences with adventure and experiential tourism. Paragliding involves uncertainty, risk, adrenaline, adventure, and experience, as opposed to the traditional understanding of travel as safe and guided. This study aims to uncover the relationships between risk, benefit, evaluation, co-creation, trust, satisfaction, and future intention among local and foreign tourists participating in paragliding activities within an experiential context. Therefore, the study examines the relationships of the experiential perceptions of tourists participating in paragliding. In the data collection phase, researchers conducted face-to-face questionnaires with 381 local and foreign tourists who experienced tandem paragliding activity in Fethiye Babadag. After eliminating incomplete or incorrectly filled surveys, 321 surveys were analyzed. The data were processed using SPSS 27 and AMOS 23 statistical package programs. The research focuses on the perceptions of paragliders’ experiential risk, benefits, value, co-creation, trust, satisfaction, and future intentions. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine these perceptions. The results suggest that there are positive correlations between various aspects of experiential tourism, such as benefits and satisfaction, benefits and trust, satisfaction and future intentions, and trust and future intentions. However, the study did not find any connection between experiential evolution and satisfaction, or between experiential evolution and trust. Similarly, there were no observed relationships between experiential co-creation and satisfaction, or between experiential co-creation and trust. Additionally, the study revealed that risk perception does not impact satisfaction and that trust does not influence risk perception. These results align with the adventurous nature of paragliding.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Management implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Paragliding is a thrilling sport that offers participants a unique and adrenaline-filled experience. The study results provide insights for tourism operators, particularly those involved in adventure and experiential tourism. In today's experience-driven economy, the insights gained from those who take part in this activity are extremely valuable to the tourism sector. Research findings have provided valuable insights into the impact of paragliding on participants' overall experience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tourism operators should prioritize providing clear and transparent information about the risks and safety measures associated with paragliding. This transparency helps ","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trail sustainability broadly defined","authors":"Jeffrey L. Marion ,&nbsp;Emily J. Wilkins","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we provide a concise yet comprehensive examination of the importance and sustainability of trail networks, considering a diverse array of perspectives. Sustainability related to recreation infrastructure elements has been variously defined, with different disciplines often only considering one or two aspects of sustainability. In the context of trail networks, we suggest that there must be an equilibrium or harmony between human uses and the long-term sustainable management of the trail network's infrastructure, its protections of environmental and historic/cultural resources, and provision of diverse socio-economic benefits to visitors and surrounding communities. While trail sustainability has often been narrowly defined as accommodating visitation while minimizing environmental degradation, we emphasize a broader definition that encompasses four interconnected domains: managerial, resource, social, and economic. We suggest that a network of trails cannot be truly sustainable until scientists, land managers, and trail stewards fully consider and effectively address each of these dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating importance- performance analysis into transboundary natural resource management of water trails: Case study at the Chattahoochee river national recreation area water trail in Atlanta, GA (USA)","authors":"Benjamin T. Fowler ,&nbsp;Gary T. Green ,&nbsp;B. Bynum Boley","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100800","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite growth in National Water Trail designations year after year along with paddlesports popularity, there is little research on water trail users' experiences within transboundary managed water trail systems. Specifically, there is a lack of evidence regarding which experiential attributes paddlers' find important and how these transboundary zones perform on those attributes. This is problematic because the entities managing transboundary water trail zones do not know if there are common attributes that are important to all water trail users and if they are providing satisfactory water-based recreational experiences based on these expectations. With this gap in mind, this research integrates the domain of Transboundary Natural Resource Management for National Water Trail Systems with the analytical method of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to explicitly compare paddlers’ perceptions (n = 360) of 12 water trail attributes between two different management zones (city park vs. federal National Park Service) of the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area Water Trail in Atlanta, GA (USA). Results revealed that paddlers within both management zones place high importance on the biophysical attribute of water quality yet are equally dissatisfied with the performance of water quality, a reported decades long issue for the Chattahoochee River. Additionally, paddlers within the National Park Service zone expressed greater dissatisfaction with the lack opportunities available for quiet spaces and paddling in undeveloped areas. Results also indicated that water trail visitors had various levels of expectations and perceptions of river setting attributes that differed by management zones. A focused understanding of how physical, social, and managerial attributes of National Water Trails are perceived by recreational users (e.g., paddlers) aids transboundary natural resource efforts in collaborative decision making to better balance river conservation and recreation management for the future sustainability of National Water Trails.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Management implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;•The increasing popularity of river-based recreation and National Water Trail Systems spanning multiple jurisdictional zones justifies the need to proactively discuss transboundary visitor use management and collaboration across resource management entities (e.g., federal, municipal, private, state, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;•Importance-Performance Analyses (IPA) are a cost-effective and relatively intuitive method for managers across multiple jurisdictions to collaboratively manage the satisfactory performance of recreational setting attributes, while also allowing visitors to express their opinions and perspectives on current and future managerial elements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;p&gt;•Managers can gain a stronger understanding of the process to evaluate river setting indicators through analytical methods (e.g., IPA) that may save ","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visitors’ relations to recreational facilities and attractions in a large vulnerable mountain region in Norway: Unpacking the roles of tourists and locals","authors":"V. Gundersen,&nbsp;S.K. Selvaag,&nbsp;B. Junker-Köhler,&nbsp;Y. Zouhar","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing number of research studies show increasing trends of visitation to vulnerable areas, which may have negative impacts on both the local ecosystem and people's nature experience. Most of the studies deal with visitor segmentation and that different group of visitors have different impacts on the environment. This study presents site-specific visitor data at entrance level (n = 28) to examine visitor's characteristics, volume, and potential environmental impact in a large mountain area (&gt;8000 km²) that hosts the last populations of wild reindeer in Europe. To understand visitor behaviour and their impact on the reindeer we applied push-pull strategies for the visitors to the different entrances. Our results revealed that the entrances differed considerably regarding visitor characteristics and volume, and while some entrances are typical tourism places (pull strategies), others were dominated by locals and wilderness seekers (push strategies). Based on visitors' hike length and on-off trail behaviour, our results showed that the tourist entrances had a lower impact on the wild reindeer range than entrances predominantly used by locals or wilderness seekers. Tourist entrances were predominantly used by foreign and first-time visitors on day trips, who used designated facilities, and left a relatively small spatial footprint in the fringe of the study area. By contrast, local people and wilderness seekers often made multiple day trips and commonly used off-trail areas. Additionally, our study identified a very special case of mass tourism, to a spectacular cliff, that had emerged in the last decade due to the posting of photos on social media. In describing the diversity of entrances to a vulnerable area, we argue that there is a need for management strategies that treat each entrance as unique, and as requiring site-specific solutions that provide positive experiences for visitors while minimizing the impact on the natural environment.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p></p><ul><li><span><p>•National park management is currently challenged by uncontrollable communications on social media</p></span></li><li><span><p>•Numbers of visitors to iconic attractions can increase rapidly, and management actions often come long after such increases</p></span></li><li><span><p>•A cycle of facilitation and increased visitor numbers at attractions often has major negative effects on visitor experiences</p></span></li><li><span><p>•Management needs to treat each point of entrance as unique, with site-specific solutions</p></span></li><li><span><p>•On-trail behaviour is susceptible to management through indirect measures</p></span></li><li><span><p>•Off-trail behaviour challenges the use of indirect measures and direct measures are controversial due to common access rights</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining contemporary outdoor physical activity: A critical interpretive synthesis","authors":"Joseph Muller ,&nbsp;Kieren McEwan ,&nbsp;Paul Gorczynski ,&nbsp;Neil Weston","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outdoor physical activities (OPAs) are known to provide economic and social benefits across a number of sectors and industries (Buckley, 2007; Carpenter, 2013; Clough et al., 2016). However, the loosely constructed meanings attached to its various typologies create an ambiguity impacting our understanding of OPA as a holistic term. This study aimed to construct a new, unified definition of OPA, as experienced by adult participants, and develop a conceptual model of shared characteristics that provides clarity and informs practice. Through conducting a Critical Interpretive Synthesis (Dixon-Woods et al., 2006) of existing definitions within academic literature (N = 133), three arguments were established. These suggest that all OPAs share characteristics relating to sensation seeking, emphasise the importance of the settings in which they take place, as well as the wellbeing outcomes they offer. A model detailing these arguments is presented and each argument is critically discussed.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p>The management implications of this research are fourfold and can be summarised by the following points.</p><ul><li><span><p>1)Through understanding the three characteristic elements of OPA, leisure, tourism and recreational managers can be better informed as to the allocation of resources for the provision of services to meet the needs of participants.</p></span></li><li><span><p>2)Through a greater understanding of OPA, interested parties who are marketing products and services to end users can ensure that the relationships they build are based on the evidenced characteristics described in the MOPAC model.</p></span></li><li><span><p>3)A renewed understanding of OPA attributes can improve efficiency in the management of through better informed policy decision making.</p></span></li><li><span><p>4)With OPA increasingly being used by healthcare professionals, this research can enable more informed and targeted activities that increase the efficacy of interventions using OPA.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on tourism spatial justice based on residents' perception: A case study on Babao Town of Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai area)","authors":"Jiaqi Bai ,&nbsp;Zhongxia Tang ,&nbsp;Luqing Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100801","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;As an important nature reserve, national parks play an important role in tourism development, not only in helping residents find employment and maintain vitality, but also in recovering funds, natural education, and environmental protection. Therefore, in the development of national park tourism, it is necessary to adhere to the development concept of spatial justice to ensure the fairness of tourism development. Based on the theory of fairness preference, this paper divides tourism spatial justice into intentional justice, procedural justice, participatory justice, distributive justice, and resultant justice, and discusses the influence relationship between them. Through the questionnaire survey, 241 effective samples are obtained, the structural equation model of tourism spatial justice is constructed, and the path analysis and intermediary effect test are carried out. Research findings: (1) In the tourism spatial justice perception model, procedural justice, participatory justice, and distributive justice all have a significant positive impact on resultant justice, and the path coefficient of distributive justice is the largest. (2) On the path from intentional justice to resultant justice, procedural justice, and participation justice play an intermediary role respectively; Procedural justice and participatory justice, procedural justice and distributive justice play a chain intermediary role respectively. This study divided the dimensions of tourism spatial justice, incorporating participatory justice and distributive justice into traditional equity preference theory, and proved the perception model of tourism spatial justice from the perspective of community residents. At the same time, the interrelationships within the model were verified and explored, exploring the differences between the implementation of tourism spatial justice in national parks and general tourism destinations, to enrich relevant research in the field of tourism spatial justice in national parks and provide reference for the tourism development of national parks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Management implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The development of tourism destinations is pursuing the goal of realizing spatial justice in tourism. The uneven distribution of tourism benefits within national parks is the main reflection of the issue of tourism spatial justice in this study. National park tourism development aims to improve the perception of fairness among local residents and optimize the distribution plan of tourism benefits. The perception of other forms of justice is influenced by the issue of procedural justice among residents. The only way to ensure effective justice in the tourism space within national parks is by ensuring that residents' rights are not compromised in tourism development. In the future, the construction of national parks should attach great importance to considering the distribution and rights of residents, avoiding the problem of residents being able to partic","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000690/pdfft?md5=3485360adc8d47cdb0c65ce57bf9f733&pid=1-s2.0-S2213078024000690-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nexus between visitor satisfaction and expenditure behaviour in national parks: The case of Dragon Palace National Park, Guizhou, China","authors":"Zeli Hu ,&nbsp;Jeetesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Suresh Kannan ,&nbsp;Qu Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several studies have explored the relationship between visitor expenditure, experience, satisfaction, intention to recommend, and revisit intention in national parks, but there is a gap in exploring the direct relationship between satisfaction and expenditure of national park visitors. This research identifies relationships between expenditure and behaviour patterns in Dragon Palace National Park, a 5A visitor attraction in Guizhou province, China. A structured survey questionnaire was utilised to collect 412 responses from national park visitors, employing convenience sampling techniques from August to December 2022. A partial least squares-structure equation model 4.0 was used to analyse the data. Findings support the positive relationship between experience, satisfaction, intention to recommend, and revisit intention in the national park. Also, results confirm that rational and emotional dimensions effectively measure the experience level. Further, this research confirms that experience is not a predictor of expenditure and that satisfaction has a negative relationship with expenditure by providing a measurement model to examine the experience in the national park. It frames a new theoretical lens on the relationship between expenditure and satisfaction and contributes significance to national park operations, providing a reference for future research.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p>The negative relationship between satisfaction and expenditure is interesting. The continuance of fostering national park visitor satisfaction for tourists cannot make sense to improve expenditure. The Dragon Palace National Park should pay more attention to overnight visitors' satisfaction and expenditure since they spend more but are less satisfied. It is vital to enhance the consuming willingness of visitors, improving the expenditure of satisfied visitors. Customising the experience, improving the cost performance of various goods and services, and enriching the experience content may work. The dimensions of the experience have been tested as effective, and the measurement model can be applied in other national parks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}