Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献

{"title":"The spatial network structure of the U.S. outdoor recreation economy and its influencing factors","authors":"Zhang Youyin,&nbsp;Yang Yaoyu,&nbsp;Liu Wenting,&nbsp;Jiang Yiyi,&nbsp;Xu Haibin,&nbsp;Qin Mingjie,&nbsp;Ye Chenghao,&nbsp;Zhang Yi,&nbsp;Li Tian,&nbsp;Tao Yingze,&nbsp;Cheng Di","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the spatial network structure of the outdoor recreation economy has significant implications for the industrial layout of outdoor recreation economies in other countries. However, there is a notable lack of research on this topic. Therefore, this study explores the spatial network structure of the U.S. outdoor recreation economy using a modified gravity model and social network analysis (SNA), and employs QAP analysis to examine its influencing factors. The findings reveal the following: (1) COVID-19 significantly hindered the overall development of the U.S. outdoor recreation economy, reducing economic cooperation among states; however, recovery has been relatively swift. (2) Coastal regions exhibit significant developmental advantages in outdoor recreation economies. (3) The study confirms prior assumptions that, while the U.S. outdoor recreation economy demonstrated low short-term resilience following global public health events, it exhibited high long-term resilience. During the initial outbreak of COVID-19, people tended to seek relatively safer and less crowded areas. (4) The Mid-Atlantic, Southeastern, Upper Mississippi Valley, and Pacific Coast regions showed significant economic siphon effects, whereas the Midwest and Rocky Mountain regions exhibited notable economic spillover effects. States like California, Colorado, and New York play pivotal roles as intermediaries and hubs in the flow of outdoor recreation elements.(5) The QAP analysis results reveal that factors such as temperature, precipitation, and income levels significantly influence the network structure. Additionally, economic coordination among regions, optimized resource allocation, and the development of climate-resilient infrastructure play crucial roles in enhancing network resilience and promoting balanced regional development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban forest visitors’ perceptions of biodiversity and its effects on their well-being","authors":"Ursula Siltanen ,&nbsp;Riikka Puhakka","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid loss of biological diversity due to human activities has increased interest in understanding the interdependencies between humans and biodiversity. The evidence base for the health and well-being effects of nature-based recreation is strong, but less is known about the role of biodiversity. This qualitative study explores the complex relationship between perceived biodiversity and well-being through the following questions: 1) how do visitors of an urban forest perceive different aspects of biodiversity, and 2) how do the different aspects of biodiversity affect their perceived well-being? These biodiversity aspects applied are species encountering, diversity and abundance, interactions between species, natural processes, sounds, colors, shapes, textures, smells, and seasonal changes. The data consists of semi-structured interviews of participants (n = 12) on two guided visits in the Lahti Health Forest, Finland.</div><div>The participants paid effortlessly attention to sounds, colors, and strong natural smells, whereas processes, textures, and shapes required more focus. Perceptions were affected by intentionality, activity, mindset, ecological knowledge, quality, and familiarity with a forest. The findings indicate that the multisensory experience of biodiversity is significant for the restorative and stress reduction potential of a recreational forest. At the same time, processes, seasonal changes, and textures are meaningful regarding spiritual well-being. The findings emphasize the potential of biodiverse nature to improve well-being comprehensively. By paying attention to the perceivable attributes of biodiversity in urban areas and promoting the recreational use of biodiverse natural environments, mutual benefits could be achieved for both biodiversity protection and human well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of the effect of cycling experience on place attachment from the embodiment theory perspective","authors":"Caijuan Guo,&nbsp;Ziqi Liu,&nbsp;Huanxi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the new mobility paradigm, bicycles are no longer just for daily commuting, and greenway cycling has evolved into a new tourism and leisure activity. Compared to other types of tourism experiences, tourists' outdoor leisure cycling experiences are characterized by a higher degree of embodied cognition. As people interact with spaces and places, different physical experiences and perceptions are generated, which in turn lead to emotional judgments about the place. Therefore, we used a questionnaire to survey and analyze cyclists (265 people) in Dongxiaokou Forest Park. The structural equation model analysis was conducted using AMOS 24.0 software. Drawing on the embodiment perspective and the expansive construction theory of positive emotions, this study investigates the impact of cyclists' embodied experiences on place attachment. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Cyclists' embodied experience can be categorized into two dimensions: physical experience and psychological experience. (2) The embodied experience has a significant effect on the positive emotions of tourists. (3) The psychological dimension of embodied experience has a direct effect on place attachment. (4) Positive emotions have a mediating role in the relationship between embodied experience and place attachment. (5) Those who cycled more often showed higher levels of place attachment, and those who had a cycling companion had a stronger cycling experience than those who cycled alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting outdoors for ordinary beauty: Exposure to nature promotes meaning in life through enhanced savoring","authors":"Yue Zhou,&nbsp;Liuna Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Savoring is the capacity to experience pleasure in everyday life and is a crucial determinant of happiness. However, few studies have explored the effects of nature, a restorative environment, on savoring. Based on attention restoration theory, this study investigated whether exposure to nature is a positive antecedent to savoring and the downstream consequences of perceived meaningfulness across four studies (<em>N</em> = 798). Study 1 identified a positive association between the frequency of nature exposure and savoring beliefs. Study 2 established a causal link between exposure to nature and savoring behaviors(food enjoyment). In Study 3, a field experiment demonstrated that recreation in the outdoor natural environment increases meaning in life through an enhanced tendency to savor. Finally, Study 4 experimentally manipulated savoring to confirm its causal relationship with the meaning in life. In conclusion, our findings suggest that exposure to nature fosters a greater appreciation for life and enhances the sense of living a meaningful life.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>Current research indicates that exposure to nature enhances the perceived meaning in life through improved savoring. This finding carries significant implications for both tourism management and mental health interventions. Firstly, in planning natural scenic areas, it is advisable to incorporate more experiential activities, such as handicraft workshops and food tastings, allowing tourists to enjoy the comfort provided by nature while cultivating a deeper appreciation for the beauty of life. Secondly, the future development of nature healing programs that integrate nature experiences with savoring interventions could assist individuals in recognizing meaningfulness, thereby addressing mental health issues. Furthermore, given that digital nature can also offer benefits, incorporating more natural elements into the design of hotels or restaurants may enhance the savoring beliefs of consumers and tourists, encouraging them to make more positive evaluations of their experiences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of visit motivation and user experience on perceptions of cultural ecosystem services in botanical garden: A case study of Algiers, Algeria","authors":"Nadia Mekhloufi,&nbsp;Amel Baziz","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100879","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rapid urbanization has led to numerous environmental and social challenges, including air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and increased demand for better living conditions and outdoor recreational opportunities. Green infrastructure, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, plays a crucial role in enhancing urban quality of life by providing essential ecosystem services and fostering a connection between humans and nature. Botanical gardens are particularly important sites for scientific study, conservation, and recreation. They provide numerous environmental services, including cultural enrichment, educational opportunities, and biodiversity conservation. This study aims to explore the effects of visit motivation and user experience on the perception of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) in botanical gardens by developing a conceptual model based on a thorough theoretical analysis. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys at the El Hamma Botanical Garden in Algiers and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The results indicate significant positive direct effect of user experience (β = 0.758; t = 17.309, 95 % CI [0.674, 0.848]) and a significant negative direct effect of motivation (β = −0.130; t = 3.126, 95 % CI [-0.216, −0.041]) on CES perception. These findings confirm that individuals with excellent experiences tend to perceive the benefits of cultural ecosystem services more positively. In contrast, there is a negative effect between visit motivation and the appreciation of cultural ecosystem services, attributed to the lack of recreational activities at the El Hamma Botanical Garden.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;These results have important implications for urban garden managers, as they can inform local and national policies on the sustainable management of urban green spaces. This research aligns with the objectives of the Master Plan for Urban Planning and Development (PDAU, 2010–2029) and helps enriching missing empirical data in the North African context. Understanding the role of botanical gardens in urban ecosystems will guide future initiatives to promote sustainable environmental management, enhance the preservation of green spaces, and maximize the benefits derived from them.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Management implication&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study demonstrates a positive effect of user experience (β = 0.758) on the perception of cultural ecosystem services (CES). Effective management of the botanical garden optimizes and enriches visitors' experience, thereby improving their perception of cultural ecosystem services.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study highlights the importance of diverse recreational offerings to mitigate the negative effect of motivation (β = −0.130) on CES perceptions. The study further suggests that unmet expectations and the absence of leisure facilities can negatively impact CES perceptions, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues in urban contexts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In th","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise and fall of the social media platform Flickr: Implications for nature recreation research","authors":"Tatu Leppämäki ,&nbsp;Vuokko Heikinheimo ,&nbsp;Johanna Eklund ,&nbsp;Anna Hausmann ,&nbsp;Tuuli Toivonen","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social media is increasingly used as data source for studying nature recreation, with Flickr being one of the most used sources. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of these global social media datasets – their geographical and temporal distributions – remains limited. First, we reviewed literature studying nature recreation with social media data to investigate how Flickr has been used and what has motivated its use for research purposes. Second, we described the spatiotemporal characteristics of 229 million georeferenced uploads and 1.5 million users in general and in protected areas during 2010–2022. Finally, we tested the reliability of data acquisition via Flickr’s Application Programming Interface (API). We found extensive use of Flickr in nature recreation research, where its use is most often motivated by data accessibility. However, the volume of Flickr data and the platform’s active user base in 2022 had more than halved from its peak in 2011. Geographically, the use of Flickr is strongly biased to Europe and North America. Flickr data are scarcely available from less-visited protected areas. Much of Flickr data from African and Asian protected areas are produced by visitors from Europe and North America. Finally, we found that Flickr’s API responds inconsistently to spatiotemporal queries, compromising the acquisition of full coverage datasets and the transparency and transferability of research. Flickr has been an important data source despite its relatively small and geographically concentrated user base. Future research use of the data requires careful consideration of these limitations and their impacts in different research contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Flickr is a popular data source in nature recreation research for analysing visitation patterns and preferences of people.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Insights from Flickr can inform plans and strategies for sustainable management of nature-based tourism and recreation, however, underlying properties of the data should be acknowledged when using these data.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Flickr’s popularity has dropped and the data are skewed towards active users in the Global North.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Flickr’s API may cause inconsistencies in data acquisition, jeopardizing repeatability of findings.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Thus, the usefulness of these data for understanding nature-based recreation is limited and a critical view is needed when using them in research and practice.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Un)sheltered from the storm: A wind shelter as focal point for recreational nature use conflicts","authors":"Sara Skarp","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, a growing interest in sustainable tourism and outdoor recreation has emerged in Sweden and globally. While a positive development for many reasons, it coincides with other shifting patterns in recreational nature use, influenced by climate change, social media, and experimental interventions in natural areas. These developments bring opportunities to broaden participation, but also risk intensifying pressures on natural environments and increasing conflicts over land and nature use. Against this background, this paper focuses on a disputed wind shelter in Östergötland, Sweden. Built as part of the architectural festival Arknat, the shelter sparked a conflict amongst local users, entrepreneurs, and public recreation and tourism officials. The paper aims to analyse the different framings of nature use and decision-making by the parties involved, offering insights into the conflict process, and beyond. The paper concludes by connecting this focal point to broader discussions on the future of nature use, and suggests approaches to prevent, address, or resolve such conflicts.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>Shifting patterns in recreational nature use, driven by social media, experimental interventions, and increased visitor interest, often concentrate attention on specific locations. This intensifies pressures on natural environments and increases the likelihood of nature use conflicts. Based on this case, the following management implications can be drawn.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Leverage architecture as a tool: When designed with local input, architectural interventions can broaden participation and enhance some, but not all, visitors' experiences in nature.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Balance accessibility and preservation: Interventions should account for tensions between maintaining hidden, reflective spaces and meeting the growing demand for shared, accessible natural areas.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Conduct inventory-taking: Before introducing interventions, inventory the cultural, symbolic, and recreational significance of specific locations to anticipate areas of contention, possibly together with diverse nature users and stakeholders.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Mitigate conflict risks: Adopt transparent decision-making and communication processes to address stakeholder concerns early and reduce the potential for long-term tensions.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>In the case of conflict, use conflict mediation and reframing: Facilitate mediation processes that allow stakeholders to reframe conflicts, fostering mutual understanding and reducing polarisation.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of park features and visitors’ socioeconomic status on park visitation: A case study of Austin, Texas","authors":"Yizhen Ding ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban parks offer significant environmental, social, and economic benefits, and understanding the factors that influence park usage is crucial to maximizing these benefits. Previous research has established that park visitation is associated with park features (e.g. vegetation, access to park, park amenities). However, there is a limited body of research on the relationship between specific park attributes and park usage among different demographics and income groups. To address this research gap, we took Austin, Texas as our study site, and utilized longitudinal individual-level and location-based big data (SafeGraph) to examine how park features, involving park characteristics (i.e. size, age), park natural features (i.e. tree canopy, water), and facilities, influence park usage across demographics and income groups. Our research reveals several key factors that influence park visitation. Median household income, distance to the park, the percentage of married couple households in the block group, and the percentage of people working from home are negatively associated with park visitation. Conversely, the percentage of males, median age, the percentage of children, and the percentage of the population owning houses are positively associated with park visitation. Additionally, we examined the various preferences towards park features across different income groups. The low-income group prefers parks that are newer, with water features, and with swimming pools. Tree canopy is a positive predictor for visitation among the low-income group at the p &lt; 0.1 level. The middle-income group favors parks with scenic viewpoints but not parks with sports facilities. The high-income group is more likely to visit parks with water features. These findings provide valuable insights into how demographic groups prefer park visitation and how park characteristics that may encourage park visitation among different income groups, and they can help guide urban planners, designers, and policymakers in the allocation of parks with specific features to benefit different demographic groups urban residents to the greatest extent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143679733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking protected areas with health and well-being: Reconstructing the recreational amenity experience model in the Chinese context","authors":"Kaimiao Lin ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiong Lu ,&nbsp;Fang Meng ,&nbsp;Chongcheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amenity refers to health and well-being benefits that attract recreationists to protected areas. However, few studies have explored the specific components and characteristics of the recreational amenity experience from the perspective of Chinese recreationists. This concept is crucial for promoting protected areas as contributors to health and well-being and for advancing the well-planned development of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. The study used semi-structured interviews and grounded theory to establish the recreational amenity experience model, through analysis of 25 qualitative interviews. The recreational amenity experience model was constructed, including four dimensions of physiological, psychological, spiritual, and social amenity. The recreational amenity experience model developed in this study is based not only on the recreationists’ perceived health and well-being but also on the leisure and aesthetic aspects of traditional Chinese culture. Moreover, this study expands on the theory of cultural ecosystem services and promotes the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>The Recreational Amenity Experience Model (RAE) provides a framework for understanding how amenity elements within protected areas contribute to visitors' health and well-being.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>By recognizing the multifaceted dimensions of recreational amenity experience, managers of protected areas can design and implement programs that cater to a wide range of visitor needs.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Managers of protected areas can refer to the RAE to comprehend the full spectrum of visitors' expectations and identify intervention points to enhance the quality of recreation.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Understanding the critical role of recreational amenity experience in delivering cultural ecosystem services can inform resource allocation decisions.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of event quality on participants’ intention to revisit a sport event: Monetary valuation and mitigation of hypothetical bias","authors":"John C. Whitehead ,&nbsp;Pamela Wicker","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2025.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purposes of this study are (1) to examine the contribution of one event quality attribute (i.e., a scenic parkway) to participants' intention to revisit, (2) to assign a monetary value to this attribute, and (3) to estimate the magnitude of hypothetical bias in revisit intention and monetary values. The event is the Blue Ridge Brutal amateur bike ride in North Carolina, USA, where participants ride on the scenic Blue Ridge Parkway. Participants received a post-event survey with different hypothetical scenarios after the 2021 and 2022 ride, including riding on the scenic Blue Ridge Parkway or not. Monetary values were obtained by converting willingness-to-travel into willingness-to-pay based on travel cost. The regression results show that including the Blue Ridge Parkway significantly increases intention to revisit. The monetary value of the scenic parkway is $38.40 (2021) and $23.59 (2022) in the revealed preference setting. In the stated preference setting, the corresponding values are $48.02 (2021) and $41.18 (2022). Respondents overstated their intention to revisit by 14% (2021) and 38% (2022). The magnitude of hypothetical bias is $27 (2021) and $95 (2022) <em>with</em> the parkway; <em>without</em> the parkway it is $18 (2021) and $78 (2022). Although the magnitude in hypothetical bias is significant, it can be mitigated by combining revealed and stated preference data. The findings have implications for event organizers: Understanding the monetary value of the parkway is important as it shapes participants’ willingness-to-pay for the overall event experience and affects their intention to register again for the race.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}