Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献

{"title":"Tangible or intangible satisfiers? Comparative study of visitor satisfaction in a nature-based tourism destination in the pre- and during-COVID pandemic","authors":"Petr Štumpf,&nbsp;Tereza Kubalová","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nature-based destinations started to become objects of travel for various visitor segments during the COVID-19 pandemic. The changing environment and the travel conditions influence overall visitor satisfaction and its determinants. This study identifies the role of tangible and intangible factors in forming overall visitor satisfaction with a stay in a nature-based tourism destination and their changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A Generalized Linear Model with a logit link function was used to identify the significant satisfiers and to determine the factors that play a critical role in visitor satisfaction in the during-COVID era compared to the pre-COVID period. The results show that intangible satisfiers play a more significant role than tangible ones in the COVID time. Surprisingly, natural features are insignificant in explaining overall satisfaction at a nature-based destination in the during-COVID in comparison with the pre-COVID period. In contrast, active sports options have become a significant satisfier in the COVID era. This comparison results contribute to the current theory, and the findings indicate the practical implications for Destination Management Organisations regarding sustainable tourism development.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Destination Management Organisations (DMO) in nature-based destinations should become more conscious of changing visitor structures concerning destination satisfaction.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>DMOs could focus more on promoting activities such as active sports options and tourism infrastructure than natural features regarding current visitor preferences; however, sustainability should be a fundamental goal of competitive tourism destinations.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>There is a need to carefully deal with the expanding tourism infrastructure development and prevent uncontrolled growth of commercial activities and attractions that would act against the interests of residents and endanger the value of the natural environment.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>DMOs should educate the changing visitors about the importance of responsible tourism.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>DMOs should focus on environmental-friendly activities which do not negatively impact nature in terms of using land and natural areas for commercial activities and construction.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>DMOs should make efforts to attract their environmental sensitive pre-COVID visitors and target new segments searching for health and sustainability, such as the Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) segment and the Free Independent Travellers (FIT).</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141095660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful camping operators: Performance measurement using cluster analysis and DEA methods.","authors":"Kevin Grande ,&nbsp;Hai Dong ,&nbsp;Nicolas Peypoch","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amidst the dynamic transformations in the camping industry, research on efficiency and performance remains surprisingly scarce. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of campsites in France, to determine the best managerial practices from the perspective of different business models.</p><p>A deductive approach is adopted to explore performance measurement based on a convenience sample of 52 campsites located in France. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is combined with a Cluster Analysis (CA) to explore the organizational performance of each business model cluster.</p><p>The paper offers an organized structure to measure campsite business model efficiency, identify benchmarks, obtain KPIs per cluster, policymaker recommendations, and counter-intuitive findings for state-owned campsites. Focusing on continuous improvement, campsites with superior relative efficiency serve as benchmarks for others, offering best practices that can be adopted to increase effectiveness.</p><p>Findings show considerable variability in terms of performance scores, with campsites proposing fewer attractive resources experiencing major inefficiencies and profitability problems. In contrast, nature-oriented luxury (glamping) campsites with few intrinsic attractive and efficient resources manage to achieve an average EBITDA of around 31%. Furthermore, the results provide valuable information for political decision-makers concerning the support and public financial assistance required for the favorable development of campsites located in unattractive territories. For this industry, it is crucial to support business models that make a significant contribution to tourism attractiveness and economic sustainability. An encouraging perspective for the recovery and safeguarding of the thousand campsites closed in France this last decade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nudging visitors into pro-environmental behaviour: Assessing the use of a tidal information pillar for effective dynamic zoning","authors":"Ben Wielenga ,&nbsp;Akke Folmer ,&nbsp;Stefan Hartman ,&nbsp;Jasper Hessel Heslinga ,&nbsp;Noël Middelhoek ,&nbsp;Einar Groenhof","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the past few years, more human-wildlife conflicts have occurred as a result of increased human visitations, particularly in areas where space is scarce and functions need to co-exist. Nature organisations are increasingly challenged to improve nature protection on the one hand, while offering visitors high quality nature experiences on the other hand. To encourage both go hand in hand, nudging has recently received more attention. Nudging is a tool to subtly change human behaviour without imposing strict rules. It is, however, hardly applied in nature areas. Currently, experiments are taking place in the Dutch part of the Wadden Sea with alternating signage (nudging message based on real-time data of the area) aided by a tidal information pillar to encourage dynamic zoning. At low tide the signage indicates: freely accessible, at high tide the advice: ‘do not enter’. The purpose is to address visitors' sense of responsibility, nudge pro-environmental behaviour and reduce human-wildlife conflicts by limiting access. This article assesses the effectiveness of the alternating nudging signage, and especially the effectiveness of the signage ‘high tide – do not enter’. The results show that the signage on the pillar is most effective when visitors stop at the pillar and read the advice. Among these visitors, about half turn around. Among the visitors who do not encounter the signage and the pillar, the majority goes on to access the area. With this study, we aim to contribute to the knowledge on nudging as a tool to promote pro-environmental behaviour in nature areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreational value of different coral reefs richness levels in Oman","authors":"Sabrina Al Ismaili ,&nbsp;Ibtisam Al Abri ,&nbsp;Osman Gulseven ,&nbsp;Hussein Al-Masroori ,&nbsp;Sachinandan Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coral reefs in Oman boast remarkable biodiversity and distinct features, yet their economic contribution remains largely unexplored, making this topic seriously under-researched. This study addresses this gap by aiming to estimate the recreational value of ecosystem services offered by natural and artificial coral reefs along Oman's coastline, a valuable asset that falls under the category of public goods that has never been assessed. Moreover, the study delves into the impact of varying reef richness levels, indicating biodiversity levels, on overall recreational value in this seldom-studied region with significant coral reef resources. Notably, this research marks the first attempt in the literature to examine the influence of different richness levels of reefs on recreational value. A survey was conducted to evaluate the recreational value of ecosystem services provided by coral reefs using Travel Cost Method. Coral reefs are found to provide an annual consumer surplus of 187,763 OMR (about 487,727 USD), emphasizing their substantial economic value. Greater biodiversity within a reef corresponds to a higher preference among recreationists, leading to increased economic benefits and enhanced consumers satisfaction. The substantial increase in recreational demand at sites with high reef richness levels underscores the importance of these ecosystems not just for their intrinsic natural value but also for their contribution to the tourism sector. It is essential for decision-makers to focus on the preservation of existing coral reefs as a primary concern, prior to contemplating the creation of additional reefs to enhance marine tourism.</p></div><div><h3>Managerial implications</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Coral reefs not only draw more recreationists but also significantly enhance consumer surplus and satisfaction</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>The richer the biodiversity of a reef, the more it is preferred, deriving greater economic value and consumer satisfaction</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Oman's coral reefs provide a consumer surplus of 187,762.955 OMR (487,726.84 USD), emphasizing their economic significance</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Policymakers should prioritize maintaining existing coral reefs before considering the development of new ones</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Conserving and enhancing coral reefs is crucial for ecological and economic reasons, benefiting tourism-related activities</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141067709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-spatial displacement at high-use recreation destinations: Employing spatial analyses to explore visitor behavior","authors":"Susan A. Sidder ,&nbsp;Troy E. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crowding and congestion in parks and protected areas can prompt visitors to use behavioral coping strategies, including intra-site spatial displacement, where visitors rearrange themselves spatially within a recreation destination, seeking unoccupied areas. To date, intra-site displacement has primarily been measured using aspatial survey, interview, or observational methods. Using an explicitly spatial approach combining GPS tracking of visitor groups and concurrently collected estimates of use, we hypothesized a pattern of spatial spreading characteristic of intra-site displacement as use levels increased at three popular day hiking recreation destinations in Yosemite National Park, USA. Using nearest neighbor hierarchical cluster analysis, we quantified patterns in spatial behavior data collected at low, moderate, and high use times at each location. We used three measures of spatial behavior (time spent in all clusters, time spent in entry portal clusters, and percent of groups visiting clusters) to explore how visitor use of clusters varies by use level. Across these metrics, we mostly found no evidence of intra-site displacement as use levels increased. Our results suggest that the relationship between use level and intra-site displacement is nuanced, and other factors such as visitor and site characteristics should be explored in future research. Methodologically, our lack of findings using spatial analyses suggest that findings from self-reported aspatial data collection techniques may overstate the occurrence of intra-site displacement. We discuss implications for managing social and ecological conditions at high use recreation destinations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourists' assessment of economic value, benefits and negative impacts of pedestrian walkways: Case-studies of the Paiva River (Arouca) and the Mondego River (Guarda) in Portugal","authors":"António Azevedo ,&nbsp;Francisco Freire ,&nbsp;Luis Silva ,&nbsp;Aurora Carapinha ,&nbsp;Rute Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hiking tourism becomes a popular wellness travel trend across the world. In recent years, we have witnessed the construction of walkways or boardwalks aiming to leverage the attractiveness of nature-based tourism destinations. This paper aims to assess the quality and economic value of two walkways/boardwalks in Portugal (MRW-Mondego River and PRW-Paiva River). A questionnaire applied to visitors at the entrances/exits of those linear walkways obtained 301 (MRW) and 188 (PRW) responses. In both case-studies, visitors provided high scores for the walkways' attributes and their overall satisfaction, which is positively correlated with their willingness to pay for a ticket to access the walkway (MRW- €4.56 and PRW- €6.31 respectively). This study also conducted a K-means cluster analysis for the Mondego RW sub-sample, that identified four different clusters: Cluster 1- (N = 8) <em>Older and heavy spenders</em>, a small segment of male visitors that spend a high amount of money during more than a 2-day stay in the region; Cluster 2- (N = 35) <em>Heavy donators women,</em> composed mainly by women who are willing to donate an higher amount for the conservation of the walkway; Cluster 3- (N = 62)- <em>Average visitor</em> whose members have a profile with characteristics similar to the average scores of the sample; and Cluster 4- (N = 189) <em>Low spenders younger women,</em> that plan their journey avoiding all the consumption moments and spending the lowest amount as possible (about €24)<em>.</em> Based on the proposed theoretical framework and on the claims shared by visitors on the survey, this paper provides some recommendations for public decision-makers.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>The local administration should reinvest the direct revenues from the walkways in new support infrastructures (e.g. accessibility, litter collection or the fire prevention/evacuation plan). They must also design an environmental education program for visitors to mitigate conflicts with local population.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>The tourism operators must advertise and diversify the experiences, targeting the preferences of the four major visitors’ segments identified in the cluster analysis aiming to extend their stay in the region. The quality and variety of the restaurants should be improved and a new line of certified merchandising products is a potential source of shop owners’ revenues.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism-related economic loss and damage from the North Island weather events on New Zealand conservation land and waters","authors":"Dhritidyuti Bose ,&nbsp;Susanne Becken","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme weather events are causing increasing levels of loss and damage, including to natural assets and associated nature-based tourism economies. This article provides estimates of the economic impacts on public conservation lands and waters in New Zealand's North Island from the flooding events of Cyclone Hale and Cyclone Gabrielle in early 2023. Losses and damage are estimated in four buckets: regional tourism GDP losses from cancelled visitor bookings at Department of Conservation accommodation facilities; lost business revenue of companies operating in protected areas; lost value of government-managed visitor assets; and regional tourism GDP losses from estimated reductions in visitor numbers at three iconic protected area sites. The research also attributes a proportion of these losses to climate change, assisting learning and future planning for New Zealand's conservation agency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213078024000355/pdfft?md5=96af7c98067cd4eea6dfb912090ef5b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2213078024000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a narcissism-based framework of picnics: An eastern culture perspective","authors":"Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Cao ,&nbsp;Fu-Chieh Hsu ,&nbsp;Huiwen Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Through the lens of narcissism theory, this study investigates and analyzes the recent trend of picnics in China with the following primary research objectives: (1) What are the patterns, attitudes, and motivations for picnics in China? (2) How the picnic experience shapes picnickers' attitudes and behaviors based on narcissism theory. A mixed-methods approach was conducted for this study, with 17 respondents participating in in-depth semi-structured interviews and 383 questionnaire respondents invited to participate. A theoretical framework was developed based on the findings of the qualitative phase and related literature. Subsequent quantitative results further verified that self-expression, self-presentation, and conspicuousness are three key narcissism-based motives for the picnic experience. Additionally, curiosity plays a moderating role that influences how self-expression, self-presentation, and conspicuousness drive perceived flow during picnics. The major contribution of this study is the construction of a theoretical framework that understands picnicking motives and processes as an overlooked tourism domain.</p></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><p>This study explored the picnic phenomenon in China and examined its implications from a management perspective. It was identified that picnicking in the Chinese context differs significantly from the western perspective. In Eastern cultures, picnics are conspicuous activities and lifestyles where the presentation of decorations and delicacies takes precedence over the picnic food itself. Therefore, destinations and stakeholders catering to Chinese picnickers should emphasize how they can assist picnickers in showcasing their uniqueness and self-presentation. This distinction has crucial management implications, highlighting the need to focus on the aesthetic and social aspects of picnicking to cater effectively to Chinese picnickers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotourism destination development: Scale development and validation","authors":"Kareem M. Selem ,&nbsp;Rimsha Khalid ,&nbsp;Chai Ching Tan ,&nbsp;Rupa Sinha ,&nbsp;Mohsin Raza","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tourism companies can attain sustainable development goals by comprehending the geotourism destination development phenomenon. Although extensive literature has dealt with the geotourism concept, limited studies have focused on geotourism destination development. This paper developed the quantitative measurement geotourism destination development characteristics scale, the first scale to concentrate on sustainable tourism. In this paper, a total of 476 geologists and geotourism experts from various nations participated. They were found using Amazon Mechanical Turk, and their responses were analyzed using confirmatory composite analysis. Findings refer to a four-dimensional scale consisting of geotourism services, legislative requirements, experiential geotourism, and scientific, preservation, aesthetic, and recreational values. The dimensional structure and scale validity were determined to be supported by geotourism development characteristics. Additionally, this paper discovered that these characteristics have significant effects on geotourism destination development. Findings provide tourist businesses with the chance to employ this new scale to identify their destinations’ geological features.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}