Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management最新文献

{"title":"Understanding hikers’ injury-risk behavior: Self-categorization processes and self-presentational tactics","authors":"Vista L. Beasley ,&nbsp;Shanda D. Lauer ,&nbsp;Eleanor Pell ,&nbsp;Mario S. Fontana","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hikers experience physical and psychological benefits but also incur injury. In this mixed-methods study, the relevance of self-categorization theoretical constructs (e.g., group norms, normative pressure) to hikers’ injury-risk behavior are explored via quantitative and qualitative analyses. Appalachian Trail thru-hikers (N = 329; <em>n</em> = 85 women) completed an online survey. They indicated whether they engaged in deliberate risk-taking (i.e., taking a riskier route consisting of a climb up a steep rock face, risking injury if they fell) or precautionary behavior (i.e., taking a less-risky route down a seemingly-flat path) and gave reasons for doing so. Frequencies revealed that 82.7% of participants took the riskier route; per a <em>t</em>-test, hikers who took the less-risky route used significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; .01, <em>d</em> = .60) more words in their reasons. Therefore, deliberate risk-taking represented a behavioral norm because 1) a behavior enacted by the majority of social identity group members tends to reflect group-sanctioned norms, and 2) those who do not engage in the behavioral norm tend to use more embellishment (i.e., more words) to defend their deviation. A latent content analysis of reasons identified six group norms (e.g., morality, status) relevant to taking the riskier route and six (e.g., practicality, non-conformity) that were asserted by those who took the less-risky route. Per two themes, hierarchical self-categorizations informed injury-risk behaviors, and social creativity countered normative pressure to engage in deliberate risk-taking. This research provides evidence that injury-prevention interventions for hikers may address theory-based group factors rather than individual risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>This mixed-methods study provides recreational professionals who support long-distance hikers with an understanding of group norms that influence hikers’ decisions to engage in behaviors that lead to injuries. This can inform injury-prevention efforts to:<ul><li><span>1.</span><span><div>target groups rather than individual hikers</div></span></li><li><span>2.</span><span><div>be administered where group identity is relevant (e.g., posting information at trail kiosks and shelters rather than online)</div></span></li><li><span>3.</span><span><div>incorporate group norms associated with less risk of injury (e.g., intelligence, non-conformity) and use of safer trail routes</div></span></li><li><span>4.</span><span><div>alter signage at injury-risk locations, and</div></span></li><li><span>5.</span><span><div>involve prominent members of hiking communities (e.g., successful thru-hikers).</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of participation in scientific activities on marine tourists’ engagement and individual learning outcomes","authors":"Serena Lucrezi ,&nbsp;Mike Barron ,&nbsp;Antonietta d’Agnessa","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The participation of marine tourists in scientific activities or citizen science (CS) has been studied from various angles, to evaluate its benefits to science, management, policy, conservation, and tourism development. One of the main questions arising is whether this activity has positive impacts on participating tourists in the short and long term. This study measured the effects of participation in scientific activities on marine tourists, with an emphasis on relevant expected outcomes including experiential and reflective engagement, and individual learning outcomes. Using a case study of kelp forest monitoring by marine tourists in Cape Town, South Africa, a questionnaire survey was conducted between 2021 and 2022 to assess the short-term impact of participation in scientific activities by marine tourists, namely snorkelers and divers (n = 111). Their perspective was compared with that of tourists engaging in similar activities without a scientific component (n = 100). The results indicated that marine tourists participating in scientific activities were more reflectively engaged compared with regular tourists. Individual learning outcomes including interest; content, process and nature of science knowledge; and behaviour and stewardship were also more heightened for this group. This study confirms that participation in scientific activities has positive effects on marine tourists, but also suggests that tourists not yet participating in these activities can be fertile ground for recruitment in tourist programmes revolving around science and research with multiple potential benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Mamagement implications</h3><div>This study shows how CS based on simple tasks can effectively engage marine tourists and pique their interest in CS. This introduction can result in a further commitment to more complex CS projects which can be offered to tourists. Organisations and businesses engaging marine tourists through CS should consider the relevance of direct contact with nature and enjoyable, immersive experiences that can make CS impactful. The design of CS programmes for marine tourists should incentivise/reward participation and create a sense of inclusion in the scientific process through an open dialogue and feedback, to legitimise CS and make the experience more authentic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research note: Protected area labels as brands in tourism","authors":"Julius Arnegger ,&nbsp;Bernd Eisenstein ,&nbsp;Hubert Job ,&nbsp;Manuel Woltering","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assess the brand strength of the main large-scale protected area (PA) categories in Germany based on the marketing funnel logic. It has long been argued in the literature that PAs, in general, can be strong regional brands in tourism, but that different PA categories may have a stronger or weaker brand identity. For example, it is often claimed that the national park label is the most well-known worldwide, and hence the most attractive as a tourist brand. However, the difference in brand strength has so far not been systematically assessed with nationally representative studies. Our research note addresses this gap, relying on a representative panel survey (N = 3,192) for Germany. We find that national parks are indeed the strongest brand, and that nature parks, despite being often described as a rather weak protection category, come second. On the other hand, biosphere reserves, although characterized as the most modern approach to area conservation, have a much more diffuse image. Implications point to the need for a stronger focus on differences between PA categories in communication and marketing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourists’ perceptions of proximity tourism: Insights from sentiment analysis and fsQCA","authors":"Boyu Lin ,&nbsp;Yunxuan Carrie Zhang ,&nbsp;Woojin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since COVID-19, proximity tourism has gained popularity as the natural environment plays a critical role in mitigating psychological issues via restorative effects. Grounded in restorative environment theory, this study examines tourists' perceptions of proximal nature-based tourism by integrating sentiment analysis with fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Study 1 explored tourists’ attitudes toward the values of a nearby natural park, Saguaro National Park, through 14,906 Instagram posts. Among aesthetic, recreational, emotional, social, and educational values, the sentiment analysis revealed that emotional value scored the highest in visiting satisfaction. Study 2 (N = 357) utilized fsQCA to identify four valuation configurations that affect subjective well-being, consistently highlighting emotional value as a critical factor. These findings underscore the significant role of emotional value in proximity tourism. This study is among the first to integrate sentiment analysis with fsQCA in tourism literature, emphasizing methodological innovation. The results also suggest actionable strategies for multiple tourism stakeholders to enhance natural area management and promote proximity tourism.</div></div><div><h3>Management implications</h3><div>This study identified emotional value receives the highest score for visiting satisfaction and is a necessary condition in all valuation configurations for bolstering well-being. Thus, DMOs should highlight the distinctive values of proximal natural areas and effectively showcase the emotional appeal of nearby destinations to unlock the full potential of proximity tourism as a valuable and resilient facet of the broader tourism sector. DMOs also need to foster collaboration and partnerships with local businesses, attraction management teams, and community organizations to protect the environmental elements and facilities in proximal destinations to enrich the overall tourism experience within proximity to residences. Local government agencies as a crucial role in managing and protecting these areas should make regulatory frameworks, enforce environmental laws, and invest in infrastructure for conservation purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100848"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The art of making fire-with","authors":"Maxim Vlasov","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, I examine the relevance of outdoor adventures in the troubled times of climate catastrophe, mass extinction, and ecological breakdown by attending to human relationship with fire. Informed by post-anthropocentric perspectives found in feminist new materialism and indigenous wisdom, the article reveals how more-than-human agency, care, and reciprocity are manifested in the ancestral skill of making fire by friction. Three relational stories are crafted from my personal experiences with learning the bow drill method of friction fire during a year-long course on ancestral skills. These stories of making fire-with trees, plants, tools, weather, and other human and non-human bodies connect situated experiences from the forest with broader contemporary concerns related to outdoor ethics, technological dependencies of modern outdoor practice, and the conflicting meanings of survival and good life in the Anthropocene. The article contributes with a unique situated account of more-than-human entanglements involved in fire making, along with the ontological and ethico-political possibilities that learning this ancestral skill may present for imagining deep ecological transformations through outdoor adventures. Instead of an archaic reminder of human mastery over nature or an outdated guilty pleasure, fire emerges as a non-human teacher, companion, and a caring host who provides spaces to come together and experiment with more relational ways of living as well as possible in multispecies worlds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143150185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreation ‘home range’: Motivations and use of green spaces along an urban—peri-urban continuum","authors":"B. Junker-Köhler ,&nbsp;V. Gundersen ,&nbsp;K.M. Bærum ,&nbsp;D.N. Barton","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The attractiveness of urban forests for people is complex, influenced by culture, social norms, and individual characteristics. The main factors include the occurrence and nature of accessibility (far-near), the availability of facilities (less-more), and the level of naturalness (less-more) in the landscapes. Urban areas most used for recreation, as streets and parks, are often those areas that are most developed by infrastructure and constructions. There seems to be a gap between stated preference, intentions and actual behaviour for recreation in an urban setting. In this study we aim to investigate the motivations for and actual use of six defined green space classes along the urban-peri-urban continuum, and how socio-demographic factors varied along this spectrum. We tested this by means of representative web-survey of the city of Oslo population (N = 1003), Norway. Recreational use frequency was highest in the inner-city built zone. The results confirm earlier research that socio-demographic variables vary along the urban-peri-urban continuum. That variation does not stop at the city's edge but extends into a gradient within the built zone. Our results show that many of the same motivations for visiting the inner-city are very similar to those desired by visitors to remote peri-urban natural areas. People's demand for peace and quiet, and escape from everyday routines, work, and stress are important motivations in the inner-city built zone. Our study results support research showing that parks, backcountry and wilderness are relative concepts defining inhabitants' recreational ‘home range’ as a function of their experiences and understanding of these spaces as nature. The findings have implications for recreation valuation and accounting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual trust, emotional bond, and tourists’ on-site pro-environmental behavior at nature-based destinations: Extending norm-activation theory from the perspective of social dilemma","authors":"Qiucheng Li ,&nbsp;Yaxin Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Shan ,&nbsp;Jingjing Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable development of tourism is closely tied to the protection and preservation of natural environments, particularly in nature-based destinations where the appeal and competitiveness depend heavily on the quality of environmental resources. Among the various strategies to enhance environmental sustainability, a strong emphasis has been placed on encouraging tourists to engage in spontaneous on-site pro-environmental behavior (PEB). However, tourists' participation in PEB at travel destinations often presents a scenario of social dilemma, where individual interests conflict with collective benefits. This conflict often makes individuals less willing to engage in PEB in the tourism context than they would in their everyday environments. To address this issue, the study advances the norm-activation theory (NAT), a well-established framework in PEB studies, by incorporating trust and emotion—two critical factors in resolving social dilemmas. An integrated model was proposed to better understand and predict the formation of tourists' on-site PEB and was empirically tested on a sample of 544 visitors from three natural parks in Hangzhou, China. The results reveal that (1) the two dimensions of trust—interpersonal trust and outcome trust—have significant effects on the key cognitive variables in NAT, namely ascription of responsibility and awareness of consequence, and (2) the emotional bond developed between tourists and the destination significantly enhances the link between ascription of responsibility and tourists' PEB intentions through the mediation of personal norm. These findings suggest that innovative interactive-based approaches can be implemented to more effectively promote tourists’ on-site PEB, thereby fostering sustainability in nature-based destinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating complexities in forest visitation modelling: Intersecting environmental, social, and public health factors during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Mariusz Ciesielski ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Kamińska ,&nbsp;Natalia Korcz ,&nbsp;Fruzsina Stefán ,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Koos ,&nbsp;Karolina Taczanowska","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100834","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected human-environment systems, including human leisure behaviour and travel destinations choices. Multiple research studies reported remarkable anomalies in visitation volumes in outdoor recreation and tourism destinations, such as forests. Yet, the large majority of studies focused on the sole effect of the pandemic on visitation numbers, disregarding the dynamic nature of outdoor recreation and tourism, affected also by other determinants. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand the influence of various environmental, social and public health factors on visits to forests during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are based upon empirical data collected during long-term visitor monitoring in three forest destinations in Poland. Hourly visitor counts were registered via pyroelectric sensors (Eco-Counter) located along recreational trails between 2020 and 2022. Additionally, national public health and meteorological variables, along with selected indices of Google Mobility Reports were integrated into the final database. Boosted Regression Trees were applied to model forest visitation. The results show significant influence of multiple factors on the magnitude of forest visitation. There are large regional differences in the weight of specific determinants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both seasonal tourism and the seasons had a significant impact on the frequency of public visits to forest areas. As the number of restrictions related to COVID-19 increased, the number of people visiting the forests decreased. Factors such as free time, day length, temperature, stringency index (this index records the strictness of government policies against COVID-19), number of COVID-19 new cases and people mobility in different places influenced forest visitation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The outcomes of this study substantially contribute to the ongoing international debate concerning effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on outdoor tourism and recreation. It highlights the necessity of integrating social and environmental determinants, next to the indices describing the COVID-19 pandemic, to better understand the complex nature of forest use to be able to take evidence-based decisions related to public health preparedness planning and forest management in future.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Management implications&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Information on the mobility of society in forest areas from long-term monitoring can support forest management and adapt it to the needs of society.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;An increase in the number of people using forest areas can increase society's expectations for the development of forest areas, including the combination of different forest functions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;In addition to the indices describing the COVID-19 pandemic, social and environmental factors must also be included to better understand the complex nature of forest use in orde","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking on sunshine: Application of a choice experiment to understand impacts of climate change on tourism attractions","authors":"Alice Wanner ,&nbsp;Nina Mostegl ,&nbsp;Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Summer destinations and local attractions in Western European countries are increasingly affected by climate change, predominantly high temperatures and impacts by thunderstorms. In order to assist practitioners, this study investigates the trade-offs visitors make under different expected weather conditions and develops recommendations for adaptation strategies. A survey containing a discrete choice experiment including different types of attractions, accessibility and weather conditions, was conducted (N = 5544). The results show that the impacts of heavy rainfall, thunderstorms and heat as a result of climate change cannot be assessed in a blanket manner. Visitors are less sensitive to high temperatures than to the probability of thunderstorms and cooler temperatures are preferred, especially for outdoor activities. Furthermore, the survey revealed that the majority of respondents would rather travel further (spatial substitution) than change the desired activity (activity substitution).</div><div>We expected that steering instruments such as higher parking fees or the enhanced accessibility by public transportation are able to change mobility patterns and enhance mitigation strategies. However. parking fees, meant to influence behavior and enhance the shift from private car to public transportation, showed limited effects. Finally, the results underline that the perceived utility of sustainability certifications remains low, and that certification has a very limited influence on the decision-making process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100837"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a digital ranger: Using data from outdoor platforms to detect rule violations in protected areas and improve visitor management","authors":"Julia Zink ,&nbsp;Max Mangold ,&nbsp;Florian Porst ,&nbsp;Manuel Steinbauer ,&nbsp;Marco Heurich","doi":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jort.2024.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protected areas aim to preserve nature and biodiversity while also providing space for outdoor activities and recreation. Visitor management, ideally based on visitor monitoring data, is crucial to balance conservation goals with the requirements of recreationists. Regulations such as prohibiting off-trail movements and temporal restrictions on the access to certain trails or areas are among the most common measures used to minimize the negative impacts of recreation on conservation goods in protected areas. In recent years, online platforms and outdoor apps have become an increasingly popular data source for visitor monitoring, but few studies have made use of their data to detect rule violations in protected areas. In this study, track data obtained from the online platforms Outdooractive and Bikemap were used to analyze the spatial distribution of hikers and bikers in the Bavarian Forest National Park, Germany, and thus to identify and localize rule violations. The analysis showed that the most frequently used trails followed the designated trail network. However, 15% of the hiking tracks and 31% of the bike tracks did not comply with national park rules and instead followed informal trails, were off-trail or disregarded temporal restrictions. Popular places for hikers were identified as well including mountain peaks, raised bogs, mountain pastures, lakes and streams, mainly in areas at higher elevations. Cyclists clustered in areas of lower elevation and on the outskirts of the national park. Knowledge derived from online tracks is helpful in developing management strategies for better visitor steering. Such measures can take place in the field as well as online to influence content on outdoor platforms and proactively communicate protected area information to visitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46931,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}