Applied Composite Materials最新文献

{"title":"Delamination Defect Identification in CFRP Laminates using Improved Elliptical Localization and Lamb Wave Probabilistic Imaging","authors":"Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu,&nbsp;Binqiang Huang,&nbsp;Guangming Zhang,&nbsp;Xiang Wan,&nbsp;Ming Dong,&nbsp;Xin Su","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10484-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10484-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in aerospace and other industrial fields due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent temperature and corrosion resistance. However, manufacturing-induced delamination defects can seriously compromise structural integrity, making nondestructive evaluation (NDE) essential. This paper proposes an improved defect identification method that combines an enhanced elliptical localization algorithm with Lamb wave-based probabilistic imaging for promising delamination identification in CFRP laminates under the tested conditions. First, the dispersion curves of Lamb waves are calculated using the 1D-GLL-SAFE method in SAFEDC software, and S₀/A₀ modal wave velocity radar maps are generated to visualize directional dependence in the anisotropic structure. Finite element models with controlled delamination defects are then established in ABAQUS to simulate Lamb wave propagation and defect interaction. Simulation results show absolute localization errors of 3.91 mm and 3.61 mm, with relative errors of 1.85% and 2.55%. An experimental setup incorporating ultrasonic excitation and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing is developed to test CFRP specimens with pre-embedded defects. Experimental results demonstrate the method’s accuracy, with absolute errors of 2.84 mm and 3.82 mm, corresponding to relative errors of 1.34% and 2.71%. This study provides a validated, integrated solution for high-precision nondestructive testing (NDT) and localization of delamination defects in CFRP structures through simulations and experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148009504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Study on the Mechanical Properties of CFRP Joint Under Hygrothermal Conditions","authors":"Hao Li,&nbsp;Gengyi Li,&nbsp;Yuxuan Cui,&nbsp;Yao Wang,&nbsp;Qing Zhao,&nbsp;Zijian Zhang,&nbsp;Shipeng Li,&nbsp;Guoyu Fu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10482-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10482-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and aluminum alloys are extensively applied in aerospace structures due to their outstanding lightweight and durable properties. However, failure of CFRP/Al bolted joints under hygrothermal conditions can compromise the mechanical performance of the jointed structure. This paper proposes a predictive approach integrating mesoscale simulation, Multi-Task Gaussian Process Regression (MTGPR), and a mechanism-based damage model. Focusing on CFRP materials, this study integrated experimental research, finite element simulation, and data-driven modeling to establish a mesoscale finite element model. Systematically analyzed the moisture absorption diffusion behavior and mechanical degradation patterns of CFRP under coupled hygrothermal conditions. The degradation mechanism model under hygrothermal perturbations was incorporated into the performance prediction of CFRP/Al bolted structures, enabled continuous evolutionary modeling and high-precision evaluation of the mechanical properties of the joint structure under hygrothermal perturbations. The results show that the developed prediction model exhibits excellent accuracy and trend consistency across multiple operating conditions. The R² values for predicting ultimate displacement, moisture absorption rate and ultimate load reached 0.956,0.967 and 0.924. This study provides technical support for the degradation assessment and failure prediction of composite material joint structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148009282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilayer Textile Solutions for Needle Puncture Protection: New Testing Devices and Analysis","authors":"Rémi Thiry,&nbsp;Francois Boussu,&nbsp;Mulat Alubel Abtew","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10480-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10480-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Needle puncture injuries present a critical occupational hazard for medical and security personnel due to the risk of bloodborne pathogen transmission. Protective gloves must therefore balance needle resistance, flexibility, and wearer comfort. This study introduces a new testing approach combining purpose-designed cylindrical fixtures engineered to replicate the geometry of human fingers with high-speed imaging for detailed analysis of perforation mechanisms. By providing a test configuration closer to real glove-use conditions, this method offers improved relevance for the design of protective multilayer textile systems. Three commercially available gloves (A, B, and C) with distinct protective architectures were evaluated: a stainless-steel/HDPE knit with a nitrile coating (A), synthetic leather with a stainless-steel weave (B), and resin plate reinforcements combined with a nylon knit (C). These were evaluated alongside newly developed multilayer gloves integrating double-weft 3D woven fabrics and shear-thickening-fluid (STF)-treated knits. By synergistically combining these established technologies into a single hybrid architecture, this study addresses the complex trade-off between high-level puncture resistance and flexibility. Commercial gloves A and B exhibited two main perforation mechanisms: initial needle-tip penetration followed by bevel-driven cutting, with maximum resistances of 5.8 N and 7.2 N, respectively. In contrast, glove C, which incorporates resin plate-like rigid elements, failed predominantly through brittle fracture and did not improve performance with a single layer of this innovative fabric (5 N). The newly developed double-weft 3D woven glove achieved the highest puncture resistance, reaching 10 N, corresponding to a 38% improvement relative to the best commercial glove. This enhanced resistance resulted from combined needle-trapping effects and increased yarn-to-yarn friction. However, the increased thickness and basis weight of the multilayer structure reduced its overall performance when evaluated through a criterion performance factor that incorporates thickness and basis weight, potentially leading to wearer discomfort. This work identifies key design parameters, including yarn selection, weave architecture, and inter-layer friction, and provides a quantitative basis for optimizing protective gloves to minimize mass and maximize flexibility without compromising needle puncture resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148008751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Generation of Random Fiber Bundles and the Influence of Microstructural Properties on Mechanical Behavior","authors":"Xinling Song,&nbsp;Gilles Hivet,&nbsp;Audrey Hivet,&nbsp;Anwar Shanwan","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10479-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10479-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the mechanical behavior of quasi-parallel fiber networks is essential for improving the manufacturing processes of fiber-reinforced composites. Mesoscale models of dry yarns and reinforcements require constitutive laws that accurately reflect the heterogeneous microstructure of fiber bundles. This study aims to develop a numerical generator of random fiber bundles for microscopic parametric studies of compaction behavior. A real fiber bundle was first reconstructed from X-ray microtomography data, and the numerical strategy was validated by tracking fiber cross-sections along the bundle length, with a fiber-position error of 5.2%. Based on this validated framework, an experiment-independent generator was established to create parameterized fiber bundles. The generated bundles reproduced the experimental compaction response with good agreement. Parametric results showed that increasing fiber waviness enhances inter-fiber interactions, increases transverse stiffness, and requires a higher load to reach the same fiber volume fraction. This framework provides a useful microscopic basis for studying fiber-bundle deformation mechanisms and for developing future mesoscopic constitutive laws.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147937867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interlaminar Fracture Behavior of Composites: The Role of Interface Layers Angle and Cure State in Mode I Delamination Growth","authors":"Bijan Mohammadi,&nbsp;Alireza Yousefi,&nbsp;Michael Khonsari","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10477-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10477-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Composite laminates are widely used in structural applications due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio and tailoring capability; however, their durability is often limited by interlaminar crack growth. Under Mode I loading, the strain-energy release rate governs delamination resistance and is influenced by both interfacial fiber orientation and the curing condition of the polymer matrix. This study presents a systematic experimental investigation of the effects of interface ply angle and curing temperature on crack propagation behavior using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests on glass/epoxy laminates. Four interface configurations (0//0, 0//30, 0//45, and 0//90) were examined under different curing schedules, including room-temperature cure and thermally post-cured conditions. The results show that interfacial fiber orientation significantly affects the crack-growth resistance and the shape of the R-curve, with misaligned interfaces exhibiting higher propagation toughness than the baseline 0//0 configuration. Off-axis interfaces (0//30 and 0//45) displayed elevated energy dissipation during crack growth, while the 0//90 interface exhibited the highest propagation toughness, associated with non-planar crack advance and repeated crack arrest events. Post-curing led to a consistent increase in the measured propagation strain-energy release rate across all interface configurations, indicating improved resistance to stable delamination growth. Overall, the findings demonstrate that both interfacial architecture and curing history play important roles in governing Mode I delamination behavior in composite laminates. The results provide experimental insight into how ply orientation and post-curing can be used as practical parameters to tailor crack-growth resistance and improve interlaminar fracture performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10443-026-10477-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Investigation of the Low Temperature Compressive Properties and Damage Mechanisms of 3D Woven Tubular Composites with Diverse Weaving Architectures","authors":"Xin Sun,&nbsp;Yiwei Ouyang,&nbsp;Xiaoke Huang,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wang,&nbsp;Yiran Han,&nbsp;Duyan Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Xiaozhou Gong","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10475-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10475-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focused on three typical three-dimensional woven tubular composites (3DWTCs) with different weaving architectures, namely through orthogonal (TO), shallow cross-linked (SCL), and shallow-crossed curved joint (SCCJ), aiming to clarify their low-temperature compressive performance and failure mechanisms. Axial and lateral compressive tests were conducted over a temperature range of 20 °C to -60 °C. The results indicated that the compressive properties of all 3DWTCs were significantly improved with decreasing temperature: when the temperature decreased from 20 °C to -60 °C, the axial ultimate stress of TO increased by 71.89%, the compressive modulus of SCCJ rose by 94.17%, and the lateral energy absorption of SCL improved by 30.52%. Structurally, TO exhibited the best axial compressive performance, followed by SCL and SCCJ, while SCL outperformed the other two weaving architectures in lateral compression. Low temperatures induced a ductile-to-brittle transition in 3DWTCs, with TO showing concentrated crack distribution and SCCJ presenting dispersed microcracks; the main micro-damage mechanisms included matrix cracking, fiber/matrix interfacial cracking, fiber pull-out, and resin embrittlement. The findings provide valuable guidance for the structural optimization, performance design, and safety evaluation of low-temperature-resistant lightweight components in extreme engineering fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Tensile-Shear Strength of Single Lap Joint Laminates with Defects","authors":"Jianjie Lin,&nbsp;Jiong Zhang,&nbsp;Lixiao Chen,&nbsp;Jiahe Ma,&nbsp;Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10476-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10476-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) has gained extensive application in aerospace engineering due to its exceptional specific strength, stiffness, and corrosion resistance. However, practical manufacturing processes often face limitations in mechanical precision and inaccuracies in the layup path. These deviations often manifest as fiber tow misalignments, such as gaps, overlapping defects, and mixed patterns. In this paper, these typical defects were examined as the research focus, and the debonding failure behavior at the interface between the structural skin and the stiffener was systematically studied. The influence of defects on the interlaminar shear strength was investigated through tensile-shear tests. Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of composite laminates containing defects were analyzed through numerical simulation. Experimental findings demonstrate that the 6-mm overlap causes a significant reduction in tensile-shear strength (18.13%), whereas the 6-mm gap substantially enhances tensile-shear strength (24.78%). For mixed defect configurations, the gap defect predominantly influences the macroscopic mechanical performance. It should be noted that the numerical model demonstrated a maximum error of 11.3% in predicting the failure load of the mixed defect group, though it captured the overall failure trends effectively. The specimens from the gap group and the mixed defect group did not fail completely under large displacement loads, demonstrating their secondary bearing capacity. A significant discrepancy exists between the model’s prediction and the experimental value for the secondary bearing capacity, identifying this as a key area for future model optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage Evolution in CFRP Laminates with Varied Initial Damages Under Combined Compression-Shear Revealed by Stressing State Theory","authors":"Dongyang Gao,&nbsp;Haojie Huang,&nbsp;Xuekun Zhang,&nbsp;Weicheng Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10471-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10471-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Independent compression-shear testing of large-span CFRP laminates is difficult because conventional setups couple shear with axial loading and distort the force-transfer paths. This study develops an innovative pulley-block loading system that applies compressive and shear loads independently. Based on stressing state theory, strain data were renormalized to construct stressing state matrices, allowing the damage evolution could be treated as a system evolution problem. A clustering algorithm was employed to identify phase transition loads in the evolution process, including elastic-plastic branching points, damage initiation points and damage evolution points. These points were further used to identify differences in damage evolution and force-transfer characteristics among specimens with different initial damages. Tests on three specimens (undamaged, impact damage and pre-embedded damage) show that both damage types reduce the load-carrying capacity. Pre-embedded damage had a stronger influence on early-stage stress redistribution, whereas impact damage accelerates later-stage damage evolution. The proposed framework provides an efficient approach to evaluating the damage and stressing state of CFRP laminates and offers references for load-bearing assessment, and subsequent structural design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curing Reaction Kinetics-Based Modeling and Defect Prediction in Adhesive Layers of Composite Hybrid Bonded/Bolted Joints","authors":"Di Zhao,&nbsp;Wenhua Deng,&nbsp;Chaohua Yang,&nbsp;Cui Wang,&nbsp;Bin Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10474-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10474-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To meet the load-bearing and sealing requirements of integral aircraft fuel tanks, hybrid bonded/bolted joints are widely employed in critical connections. However, defects induced by thermo-chemo-mechanical coupling during the curing process of the adhesive layer significantly compromise structural integrity and sealing performance. In this study, the curing reaction kinetics of the XM22-A sealant were accurately characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the relationships between key thermophysical parameters with temperature and curing degree were established. A three-dimensional finite element model integrating curing kinetics, heat transfer, and a viscoelastic constitutive model was developed to simulate the evolution of temperature, cure degree, and residual stress during curing. The curing subroutine was validated, showing a maximum deformation displacement error of approximately 7.5% in the cantilever beam simulation compared to experimental data. The results revealed significant concentrations of residual stress and deformation displacement at the laminate joint and adhesive layer edges. A novel defect evaluation method was proposed, combining von Mises stress and deformation displacement into a comprehensive index weighted by the entropy weight method. Validation via scanning electron microscopy and industrial computed tomography confirmed that the model’s predictions of defect-prone regions align well with experimental observations. This study provides a reliable theoretical framework for accurate prediction and control of defects in adhesive layers, which is crucial for ensuring the sealing reliability of aerospace polymer composite structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Absorption Performance of 3D Printed Lattice–Polyurethane Foam Composites Inspired by the Human Skeletal Architecture","authors":"Jialun Wang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wei,&nbsp;Zhengquan Liu,&nbsp;Liang Fang,&nbsp;Junjie Gong,&nbsp;Wenfeng Hao","doi":"10.1007/s10443-026-10472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10443-026-10472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lightweight energy-absorbing structures are critical for aerospace and automotive crashworthiness, yet traditional auxetic honeycombs often suffer from global buckling and limited crushing stability. To address these limitations, this study proposes a bioinspired structural design featuring a functional member hierarchy inspired by the “trunk–bifurcation–constraint” load-transfer mechanism of the human shoulder girdle system (sternum–clavicle–scapula). Unlike conventional lattices, the proposed design integrates polyurethane (PU) foam to construct a series of lattice–foam hybrid composites that effectively mitigate localized instability and enhance energy dissipation. Four representative three-dimensional bioinspired honeycomb lattice structures (including baseline, high-energy-absorption, centrally-regulated, and high-stiffness variants) were fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM). In these architectures, the main struts mimic the load-bearing backbone, while the re-entrant inclined ribs induce a negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) effect to facilitate material densification. Quasi-static compression tests were conducted to investigate the deformation modes and energy absorption characteristics. The results indicate that the in-situ foaming process discernibly improves the interfacial bonding and constrains the lateral deformation of the lattice struts. Specifically, the synergistic effect between the bioinspired topology and the foam core enhances the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) and delays the onset of densification. This study demonstrates that the proposed bioinspired strategy offers a promising route for developing lightweight, high-performance crashworthiness components.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":468,"journal":{"name":"Applied Composite Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}