Journal of Disability Policy Studies最新文献_第9页

A Comparative Overview of Disability-Related Employment Laws and Policies in 193 Countries 193个国家与残疾人有关的就业法律和政策比较综述

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-04-17 DOI: 10.1177/10442073211006396

J. Heymann, Elizabeth Wong, Willetta Waisath

{"title":"A Comparative Overview of Disability-Related Employment Laws and Policies in 193 Countries","authors":"J. Heymann, Elizabeth Wong, Willetta Waisath","doi":"10.1177/10442073211006396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073211006396","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities experience significantly worse employment outcomes than individuals without disabilities. In a study of 91 countries, employment-to-population ratios were significantly lower for people with disabilities. Moreover, studies find clear evidence of discrimination in wages, training, and promotions. The United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (CRPD) commits countries to enact legislation prohibiting discrimination and guaranteeing reasonable accommodation. However, there has yet to be a global systematic analysis of the extent to which countries are upholding their CRPD commitments. We built the first global database to document employment-related legislative provisions in all countries for persons with disabilities. We report on non-discrimination protections and reasonable accommodation across all 193 UN member states. We found progress and ongoing gaps. Sixty-two percent of countries broadly prohibit disability-based employment discrimination, but far fewer prohibit indirect discrimination (33%) and harassment (30%). Just over half (52%) of countries guarantee reasonable accommodation to workers with disabilities. Similarly, just over half of countries (53%) do not prohibit pay discrimination or discrimination in promotion/demotion. In conclusion, we discuss the need to address gaps in national legislation and to enhance efforts to implement and enforce existing legal rights.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"25 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/10442073211006396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44732346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Perceptions of District- and School-Level Special Education Leaders on Guardianship and Adult Decision-Making Support 区级和校级特殊教育领导对监护和成人决策支持的看法

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/10442073211006395

A. Plotner, Charles B. Walters

{"title":"Perceptions of District- and School-Level Special Education Leaders on Guardianship and Adult Decision-Making Support","authors":"A. Plotner, Charles B. Walters","doi":"10.1177/10442073211006395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073211006395","url":null,"abstract":"There are many known barriers facing youth with disabilities as they make the transition from high school to their adult lives. One potential barrier receiving increased attention over the last 5 years is guardianship, the court petition-driven process by which adults with disabilities are declared incapacitated (i.e., unable to make or communicate decisions regarding their affairs). The result of this process is the appointment of a surrogate decision-maker known as a guardian. Depending on the nature of the court order, some rights like entering into contracts might transfer to the guardian, other rights may be retained by the “ward,” and other rights like marrying might be removed altogether. Guardianship has been framed as antithetical to the aims of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and contrary to research demonstrating the importance of self-determination for young adults with disabilities. Few studies, however, have examined the perspectives of professionals in special education leadership roles on issues related to special education, guardianship, self-determination, and alternatives to guardianship. This study surveyed professionals in district- and school-level special education leadership roles (N = 117) to examine their perspectives on what “should” be done and what is actually being done relative to issues surrounding guardianship in their district. Subsequent descriptive and inferential analyses show a stark incongruence between that which professionals value regarding this domain and the current reality of practice in their local areas. Salient findings with important implications for special education policy and future research are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"290 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/10442073211006395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41388817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Association Between Successful Aging Activities and Perceived Health Among Older Adults With Hearing and/or Vision Impairments 听力和/或视力受损的老年人成功的衰老活动与健康感知之间的关系

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/1044207321998353

O. Lee, Junghyun Park

{"title":"Association Between Successful Aging Activities and Perceived Health Among Older Adults With Hearing and/or Vision Impairments","authors":"O. Lee, Junghyun Park","doi":"10.1177/1044207321998353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207321998353","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the high prevalence of age-related sensory impairment (SI), this study examined the relative strength of the association between successful aging activities and perceived health among older adults with SI. A sample of adults aged 65 and older who experienced SI in vision and/or hearing was drawn from the 2015–2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 2,084). Two aspects of successful aging were considered: employment status and religious participation. Of the total sample, 1,370 (65.7%) reported hearing impairment; 440 (21.1%), vision impairment; and 274 (13.1%) dual sensory impairment. Among the covariates, female gender, higher educational attainment, non-Hispanic White race, fewer chronic diseases, alcohol use, non-hospitalization, non-cigarette use, and no mobility challenges were associated with greater perceived health status. Working older adults with SI are more likely to perceive their health status as good compared with their unemployed counterparts (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, p < .01). Religious participants with SI also perceive greater health (OR = 1.58, p < .01). For older adults with SI, ensuring that they participate in productive activities, such as employment or religious activities, may be important for their perceived health status and may lead to better overall health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"280 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1044207321998353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Employees With Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Digitized Work Environment: Perspectives for the Future 数字化工作环境中自闭症谱系障碍员工:未来展望

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1044207320919945

M. Tomczak

{"title":"Employees With Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Digitized Work Environment: Perspectives for the Future","authors":"M. Tomczak","doi":"10.1177/1044207320919945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320919945","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to examine the opportunities for employees with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), arising from digital technology (DT) development. The author discusses assistive technology (AT) as a mean of creating a better work environment, making the digitized workplace more friendly for people with ASD. A possible solution of communication problems is replacing the interpersonal communication between employees with electronic (non-direct) forms of communication, such as online communicators or chatbots. Another solution is the implementation of wearable electronic systems, monitoring stress levels and facilitating effective stress control. In the future, the whole digitized workplace could be designed according to a “smart workplace” concept. Sensors recording various human body parameters could be connected to a network with sensors recording physical parameters of the work environment (temperature, humidity, noise, smell, sunlight exposure) and also with controllers of its values, adjusting it dynamically to reduce distracting factors. As a result, communication, stress management, and sensory sensitiveness problems could be limited, improving the work comfort of people with ASD, and their colleagues. The pertinence of solutions proposed was also confirmed by the experts interviewed in the field who were asked to assess it in the context of future implementation.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"195 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1044207320919945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Leveraging the Power of Context in Disability Policy Development, Implementation, and Evaluation: Multiple Applications to Enhance Personal Outcomes 在残疾政策的制定、实施和评估中利用情境的力量:多种应用来提高个人成果

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1044207320923656

K. Shogren, R. Luckasson, R. Schalock

引用次数: 13

Barriers and Solutions to Passing State Legislation to Protect the Rights of Parents With Disabilities: Lessons From Interviews With Advocates, Attorneys, and Legislators. 通过州立法保护残疾父母权利的障碍和解决方案：从与倡导者、律师和立法者的访谈中汲取的经验。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/10442073211006394

Sasha M Albert, Robyn M Powell, Jack Rubinstein

{"title":"Barriers and Solutions to Passing State Legislation to Protect the Rights of Parents With Disabilities: Lessons From Interviews With Advocates, Attorneys, and Legislators.","authors":"Sasha M Albert, Robyn M Powell, Jack Rubinstein","doi":"10.1177/10442073211006394","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10442073211006394","url":null,"abstract":"Parents with disabilities experience discrimination within the child welfare, family law, and adoption and foster care systems. In response, there have been increasing calls for states to pass legislation prohibiting discrimination against parents with disabilities, and as of 2020, 28 states have passed or are considering such legislation. This qualitative study explored the perspectives of 19 advocates, attorneys, and legislators on barriers and solutions for passing legislation to protect the rights of parents with disabilities. Participants identified three barriers: (a) legislators' pejorative attitudes toward parents with disabilities, (b) external opposition, and (c) legislative barriers. Participants also identified eight solutions: (a) cross-disability advocacy, (b) education, (c) relationship-building, (d) bipartisanship, (e) support from state and national organizations, (f) strong sponsors, (g) incrementalism, and (h) model legislation. Study findings should help to inform ongoing legislative advocacy to protect the rights of parents with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 ","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9670021/pdf/nihms-1826285.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40479811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Access to Independent Living Services for People With Disabilities Through a Transportation Network Analysis. 通过交通网络分析探索残疾人获得独立生活服务的途径。

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2021-01-01

Kourtney B Johnson, Lillie Greiman, Christiane VonReichert, Billy Altom

{"title":"Exploring Access to Independent Living Services for People With Disabilities Through a Transportation Network Analysis.","authors":"Kourtney B Johnson, Lillie Greiman, Christiane VonReichert, Billy Altom","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Centers for Independent Living (CILs) are nonresidential, nonprofit agencies that provide independent living services to people with disabilities across the nation. The services CILs provide are invaluable to people with disabilities living independently in the community. Accessing CIL services can be challenging for people with disabilities, particularly for individuals in rural areas. A geographic analysis called a transportation network analysis is one method for assessing access to CIL services. We draw on the distribution of CILs across the country and in two rural states (Montana and Arkansas) to assess levels of geographic access using travel distance along national and local road networks. Incorporating data from the American Community Survey allowed us to estimate the number of people with disabilities living within certain distance thresholds from CILs. We saw increased access in urban areas where there is a higher concentration of CILs, suggesting that people with disabilities in rural areas have limited access to CIL services. We explore how partnering with Area Agencies on Aging has the potential to expand access to services for people with disabilities in rural areas, highlighting the utility of geographic analysis in social service provision.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 2","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140289255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disability Type, Financial Capability, and Risky Asset Holding 残疾类型、财务能力和风险资产持有

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/1044207320981781

J. Xiao, Barbara O'Neill

{"title":"Disability Type, Financial Capability, and Risky Asset Holding","authors":"J. Xiao, Barbara O'Neill","doi":"10.1177/1044207320981781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320981781","url":null,"abstract":"Risky financial asset holding is considered an indicator of financial well-being because risky asset holders are likely to accumulate more wealth than nonholders. Like the general population in the United States, many people with disabilities need long-term financial planning services. The purpose of this study was to examine whether disability type and financial capability are associated with risky asset holding of adults with disabilities. Using data from the 2015 National Financial Capability Study, we found that adults with different types of disabilities have different chances of holding risky assets. After controlling for financial capability, income, and other variables in the logistical model, people who are deaf or have difficulties running errands are more likely, while people with a work disability are less likely, than the mentally disabled to hold risky financial assets. In addition, two financial capability variables, objective financial knowledge, and desirable financial behavior, are positively associated with risky asset holding after controlling for other factors. Several disabilities, financial capability, and other factors showed differences in risky asset holding when lower-income and higher-income subsamples were examined.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"269 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1044207320981781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44832571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Differences in Self-Determination Across Disability Categories: Findings From National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 自我决定在残疾类别中的差异:来自2012年全国纵向过渡研究的发现

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-16 DOI: 10.1177/1044207320964396

X. Qian, K. Shogren, Omolola A. Odejimi, T. Little

{"title":"Differences in Self-Determination Across Disability Categories: Findings From National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012","authors":"X. Qian, K. Shogren, Omolola A. Odejimi, T. Little","doi":"10.1177/1044207320964396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320964396","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have established variability in self-determination scores across disability groups, but most nationally representative research has used data collected over a decade ago from the National Longitudinal Transition Study 2 (NLTS2). To provide an updated analysis of differences in characteristics of self-determination (i.e., autonomy, psychological empowerment, self-realization) across disability groups, this study analyzed data from the recently completed National Longitudinal Transition Study 2012 (NLTS2012). The authors tested measurement equivalence across seven disability groups: high-incidence disabilities (learning disabilities, emotional disturbances, speech or language impairments, and other health impairments), sensory disabilities (visual and hearing impairment), multiple disabilities (multiple disabilities and deaf-blindness), intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury, orthopedic impairments, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Students in the multiple disabilities, intellectual disability, and ASD groups showed lower self-determination scores compared with other disability groups. Greater variability was also found in scores among these groups. Implications for assessment research practice, and policy are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"245 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1044207320964396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44665170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Effect of School Funding on Opportunity Gaps for Students With Disabilities: Policy and Context in a Diverse Urban District 学校资助对残疾学生机会差距的影响：不同城市地区的政策和背景

IF 1.6 4区医学

Journal of Disability Policy Studies Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/1044207320970545

Rebecca A. Cruz, Joon-ho Lee, A. Aylward, Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides

{"title":"The Effect of School Funding on Opportunity Gaps for Students With Disabilities: Policy and Context in a Diverse Urban District","authors":"Rebecca A. Cruz, Joon-ho Lee, A. Aylward, Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides","doi":"10.1177/1044207320970545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320970545","url":null,"abstract":"School finance reform has recently centered on providing schools with more equitable access to resources to reduce opportunity gaps for students. Although special education is often a prominent part of larger equity conversations, special education funding is commonly excluded from school funding reform initiatives. Given the costly nature of special education programs, it is imperative that scholars and policy makers understand the effects of funding changes on outcomes for these students. In this study, we examined the effect of California’s Local Control Funding Formula, in addition to school context and student compositional characteristics, to identify changes in special education students’ achievement rates. Using a combination of publicly available data sources and local district data, we assessed differences in academic outcomes (i.e., achievement scores) between elementary students with and without disabilities in both high- and low-poverty schools, given increases in spending for special education programs.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"3 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1044207320970545","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46290025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7