C. Ward, Tanya Ihlo, Kathleen Ryan Jackson, Sophia Farmer
{"title":"Effective Implementation Capacity to Impact Change Within State Education Systems to Support Students With Disabilities","authors":"C. Ward, Tanya Ihlo, Kathleen Ryan Jackson, Sophia Farmer","doi":"10.1177/10442073221096392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221096392","url":null,"abstract":"There is a continued call for the use of practices supported by evidence to improve the quality and effectiveness of services provided for students with disabilities. Despite best intentions, our education systems continue to struggle to adopt these practices and transfer them into consistent, sustained use by practitioners. Implementation science, the multi-disciplinary study of methods and strategies to promote use of research findings in practice, seeks to address this by providing frameworks to guide creation of conditions that facilitate use of evidence-based practices. The present article describes how an implementation science approach, Active Implementation Frameworks, was used by a national technical assistance center to cultivate systemic change and create improved outcomes for students with disabilities within several state, regional, and local education agencies. A summary of the lessons learned thus far and resulting considerations for practice and policy are presented. A key lesson was that state education agencies (SEAs) supporting districts and schools in implementation of a specific, educator–student-level practice realized improved outcomes for their students with disabilities. SEAs implementing frameworks or processes without an operationalized and measurable educator–student- level practice had limited or no evidence of improved student outcomes.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"104 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42604575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah A. Nagro, Andrew M. Markelz, Richelle Davis, Anna Macedonia, Kevin Monnin
{"title":"The Evolution of Access to Education Through Landmark Legislation, Court Cases, and Policy Initiatives Setting Precedent for The Gary B. Court Decision","authors":"Sarah A. Nagro, Andrew M. Markelz, Richelle Davis, Anna Macedonia, Kevin Monnin","doi":"10.1177/10442073221094806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094806","url":null,"abstract":"Access to education for all students has been long sought. Once defined as physical access to a school building, the concept of access has evolved since Brown v. Board of Education. The purpose of this policy review, conducted through archival research, is to examine the evolution of access to K–Grade 12 education for all students, with an emphasis on students with disabilities who are general education students first, to understand the implications of the 2020 U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals Gary B. vs. Whitmer decision. For the first time, a federal court ruled that the constitution affords all students “a fundamental right to a basic minimum education.” Specifically, the evolving concept of access to education for all students, including students with disabilities, across (a) the school building, (b) curricular opportunities, (c) education outcomes, and (d) a college- and career-ready curriculum is outlined using landmark K–Grade 12 federal education legislation, court cases, and policy initiatives. Taken together, a basic minimum education includes access to challenging academic learning objectives, an emphasis on literacy, provision of educational materials of sufficient quantity and quality, and an adequate teacher workforce. Meeting these expectations assures genuine access to a public education for all students.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"289 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44118589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impacts of the 2010 VA PTSD Rule Change on Participation in SSA Disability Programs","authors":"Kara Contreary, J. Tennant, Yonatan Ben-Shalom","doi":"10.1177/10442073221094812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094812","url":null,"abstract":"U.S. veterans who could qualify for disability benefits from both the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA) might view them as complementary or as substitutes for each other. For example, people who earn above a certain income lose their Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits, whereas VA Disability Compensation (DC) benefits do not change based on income. Veterans with disabilities who wish to work may therefore prefer to receive DC over SSDI, in effect treating the two programs as substitutes. We examined how an eligibility rule change in DC affected participation in DC, SSDI, and Supplemental Security Income to understand whether veterans with disabilities increase or reduce their take-up of SSA disability benefits when access to DC increases. Using Current Population Survey data from 2009 to 2016, we studied a 2010 DC rule change that made it easier for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder to demonstrate eligibility. After the rule change, veterans with self-reported cognitive difficulties reported increased receipt of DC, reduced receipt of SSDI, and reduced rates of work-limiting disability, seeming to treat the two benefit programs as substitutes.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"267 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43242306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"United Kingdom’s Income Support Program for People With Disabilities: Redesign, Reform, and Policy Lessons for the United States","authors":"H. Inanc, David R. Mann","doi":"10.1177/10442073221094804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094804","url":null,"abstract":"We reviewed the operational aspects of Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)—the income support program for people with disabilities in the United Kingdom—and its potential policy lessons for the United States’ Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program. ESA has a five-step eligibility determination process, and eligible beneficiaries receive either an unconditional cash benefit or payments conditional on participating in return-to-work activities. The United Kingdom has reformed ESA to better meet policy objectives. Both ESA and SSDI collect medical documentation, but ESA also requires face-to-face eligibility assessments for almost all claimants. ESA eligibility is based on functional limitations exclusively, whereas SSDI assesses the ability to perform substantial work. With its focus on helping some beneficiaries return to work, ESA differs from SSDI, which requires no return-to-work efforts to receive benefits. ESA might offer policy lessons for SSDI with regard to pilot testing, program reform, and accurate decision making.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"188 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46329060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Law Enforcement Officers: A Call for Training and Awareness of Disabilities","authors":"L. Diamond, Lindsey B. Hogue","doi":"10.1177/10442073221094803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094803","url":null,"abstract":"Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are likely to encounter people with disabilities (PWD) during calls for service. These interactions sometimes escalate situations involving PWD and may result in arrest or death due to a lack of disability awareness among LEOs. The purpose of this study was to explore the current perspectives of LEOs regarding PWD and to identify the current training needs of LEOs regarding disability awareness and interactions with PWD. This study utilized two focus groups consisting of participants representing seven law enforcement agencies across a large, Western state. Results indicate that the perceptions and needs of the LEOs regarding PWD are shaped by four themes: (a) personal connections, (b) job experience, (c) training opportunities, and (d) training needs. Implications for policy and practice to enhance the rigor of disability awareness training for LEOs are described.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"225 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42449516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boards of Disability Service Provider Organizations for Adults With Intellectual Disability and Their Role in the Delivery of Quality Service","authors":"R. Wallace, J. Rimes, V. Bitsika","doi":"10.1177/10442073221094809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094809","url":null,"abstract":"Provision of quality service by disability service providers for adults with intellectual disability is a core responsibility. It is central to access and participation in social, community goods, and services so that individuals are effectively supported in achieving their goals and aspirations and live a long life. Dimensions of quality service encompass how well the individual receives what they want, disability-related regulatory and legislative standards, kindness and professionalism, quality-of-life, and the extent of any breaches. Boards of disability service providers have ultimate responsibility for their organization’s service to ensure quality. They must appreciate and understand quality service dimensions in the context of the disability sector, collect and measure quality service data, hone their skills in weighing up and processing data, respond to user views, and enact improvement measures by way of directions to management. This article reviews board roles, membership, quality service dimensions, and mechanisms by which to obtain input data, process, and deliver outcomes contextualized to the requirements of boards of disability service providers for adults with intellectual disability. Furthermore, this article discusses a novel six-step implementation guide referred to as the SQUARE. That guide describes the functionary and cognitive elements required by boards to conduct effective quality service reviews.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"275 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43091656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Medicaid Expansions 2001–2015 on Supplemental Security Income Program Participation Among Childless Adults","authors":"M. Burns, Laura Dague, E. Wood, J. Kennedy","doi":"10.1177/10442073221094807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073221094807","url":null,"abstract":"Growing research indicates that Medicaid expansions reduce Supplemental Security Income (SSI) participation, although the magnitude of effects may vary with the presence of other health policy reforms. We examine how a series of Medicaid expansions for childless adults before and after implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) impact SSI participation among childless adults. We use the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to compare the change in SSI participation in states that expanded Medicaid coverage relative to those that did not during two time periods: 2001–2013 and 2001–2015. On average, SSI participation declined by a nonstatistically significant 0.10 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.54, 0.32]) from a baseline SSI participation rate of 2.2% following Medicaid expansions implemented between 2001 and 2015. When restricted to the pre-ACA era, SSI participation declined by a nonstatistically significant 0.30 percentage points (95% CI = [−0.77, 0.16]). Although the direction of the point estimates suggests that Medicaid expansions before and after implementation of the ACA may be associated with reduced SSI participation, the imprecision of the estimates due in part to the sample size precludes this conclusion. To guide states in decision-making, it is essential to understand how increased Medicaid availability impacts SSI participation under different policy environments.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"199 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45832805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng-Ran Li, Chun-Tao Lei, Hui Tang, Xing-Jie Yin, Zhe Hao, Yang Qiu, Ya-Ru Xie, Jie-Yu Zeng, Hua Su, Chun Zhang
{"title":"MAD2B promotes podocyte injury through regulating Numb-dependent Notch 1 pathway in diabetic nephropathy.","authors":"Meng-Ran Li, Chun-Tao Lei, Hui Tang, Xing-Jie Yin, Zhe Hao, Yang Qiu, Ya-Ru Xie, Jie-Yu Zeng, Hua Su, Chun Zhang","doi":"10.7150/ijbs.68977","DOIUrl":"10.7150/ijbs.68977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Rationale:</b> Recent studies have demonstrated that the loss of podocyte is a critical event in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previously, our group have found that the mitotic arrest deficient protein MAD2B was involved in high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury by regulating APC/C activity. However, the exact mechanism of MAD2B implicated in podocyte injury is still lacking. <b>Methods:</b> The experiments were conducted by using kidney tissues from streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice with or without podocyte-specific deletion of MAD2B and the cultured podocytes exposed to different treatments. Glomerular pathological injury was evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff staining and transmission electron microscopy. The endogenous interaction between MAD2B and Numb was discovered by yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assay. The expressions of MAD2B, Numb and related pathway were detected by western blot, immunochemistry and immunofluorescence. <b>Results:</b> The present study revealed that MAD2B was upregulated in diabetic glomeruli and cultured podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Podocyte-specific deletion of MAD2B alleviated podocyte injury and renal function deterioration in mice of diabetic nephropathy. Afterwards, MAD2B was found to interact with Numb, which was downregulated in diabetic glomeruli and HG-stimulated cultured podocytes. Interestingly, MAD2B genetic deletion could partly reverse the decline of Numb in podocytes exposed to HG and in diabetic mice, and the expressions of Numb downstream molecules such as NICD and Hes-1 were decreased accordingly. In addition, overexpression of Numb ameliorated HG-induced podocyte injury. <b>Conclusions:</b> The present findings suggest that upregulated MAD2B expression contributes to Numb depletion and activation of Notch 1 signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to podocyte injury during DN progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"1896-1911"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8935242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87605001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Implementation Science Active Implementation Frameworks to Implement an Instructional Framework to Increase Teacher Capacity for Instructional Access for Students With Disabilities","authors":"H. Murphy, Sandi M. Cole, Lucy Fischman","doi":"10.1177/10442073211066785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073211066785","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the use of the Active Implementation Frameworks (AIF; Fixsen et al., 2005; Fixsen & Blasé, 2011) in a grant-funded project to implement the use of Universal Design for Learning as an instructional intervention to improve the access to quality instruction for students with disabilities. The discussion is based upon data specific to the AIF Implementation Drivers that facilitate and ensure the success of initiatives. The data illustrate the extent that characteristics of the respective schools and districts participating in the project impacted the fidelity of implementation processes and their associated outcomes.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"137 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43831943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiina Itkonen, Bryan Tomlin, Manuel G. Correia, L. Sánchez, T. Schneider, Kellie Kooker
{"title":"Schaffer v. Weast’s Effects on California Special Education Hearing Decisions","authors":"Tiina Itkonen, Bryan Tomlin, Manuel G. Correia, L. Sánchez, T. Schneider, Kellie Kooker","doi":"10.1177/10442073211066780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10442073211066780","url":null,"abstract":"This research examined the associations between Schaffer v. Weast (2005) and special education due process hearing decisions in California. Using a database we coded from the state’s due process hearings for cases that reached a decision (years 1995–2019), this study analyzed (1) how legal representation and the filing party affected the probability of the student fully or partially prevailing in these cases, and (2) how Schaffer affected student representation and the prevailing party before and after this ruling. The results indicate that while students were statistically as likely to be plaintiffs and/or represented by an attorney before and after the 2005 time break in the study, the decision raised the bar for students as the likelihood of favorable outcomes for students fell significantly in the wake of the ruling.","PeriodicalId":46868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Disability Policy Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"71 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45568932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}