Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the \"Less is More\" paradox: How experience and cognitive filling drive attractiveness in occluded faces.","authors":"Yurou Gao, Mengliang Cao, Ruoying Zheng, Guomei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00691-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00691-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"Less is More\" phenomenon, the intriguing elevation of facial attractiveness under conditions of limited visual information (e.g., masked faces), has garnered significant attention since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study delves into the influence of experience on this phenomenon and its underlying cognitive mechanisms through three experiments. Experiment 1 examined attractiveness ratings of occluded, predicted and complete faces with four occlusion types before and after the pandemic onset. Experiment 2 investigated how participants mentally complete faces occluded by sunglasses by selecting from high-, low-attractiveness, and average eye representations. Experiment 3 explored the impact of familiarity. Participants first familiarized themselves with half of the faces, then rated the attractiveness of the occluded and predicted versions of all familiar and unfamiliar faces, and finally chose the original complete face from a set of foils (high-attractiveness, low-attractiveness, and average face) . Across all experiments, the inherent attractiveness of the complete faces was manipulated. Our findings reveal a clear effect of experience on the \"Less is More\" effect: it was amplified post-pandemic (Experiment 1), more pronounced for unfamiliar faces (Experiment 3), and consistently stronger for initially low-attractiveness faces. Selection patterns in Experiments 2 and 3, with average faces chosen most often for unfamiliar faces, support the Average/Typical Filling hypothesis. However, familiar faces elicited a preference for the original features, suggesting a memory-driven process. These results revealed a dynamic interplay between prior experience and visual constraints in shaping facial attractiveness perception.Statement of significance: The ubiquitous adoption of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, a global reality that suddenly obscured portions of the face, provided an unprecedented lens through which to examine the fundamental principles of facial attractiveness perception. The intriguing \"Less is More\" effect, where masked faces often appeared more appealing, directly inspired our investigation into how the human brain processes incomplete visual information and the role of experience in shaping these judgments. By systematically analyzing attractiveness ratings across diverse occlusion types before and after the pandemic and by exploring the cognitive \"filling-in\" mechanisms for both familiar and unfamiliar individuals, our work transcends a mere description of the \"mask effect\". Instead, it delves into the core processes underlying attractiveness evaluation when visual input is limited. Our findings reveal that the \"Less is More\" effect was amplified by increased real-world exposure to masked faces, and that our mental reconstructions of occluded faces diverge based on familiarity. Importantly, our results also identify specific occlusion types that most effectively enhance perceived attractiveness. This \"use-inspired ba","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12660576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sonic energy of background music impacts cognitive performances: a behavioral and physiological investigation.","authors":"Maria Francesca Gigliotti, David Lauret, Yvonne N Delevoye-Turrell","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00676-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00676-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listening to background music while engaging in mental tasks is a popular habit. Despite the diverse playlists conceived for this purpose, the optimal sonic energy (calming vs. arousing) of a musical excerpt that may benefit cognitive performances remains poorly understood, particularly in relation to the specific demands of the task. To clarify this issue, we asked participants to perform an Attention Network Test and a phonemic Verbal Fluency Task, in silence and while listening to low- and high-arousing unfamiliar musical excerpts. Excerpts sonic energy was determined by musical features analysis, followed by a subjective evaluation of the excerpts' arousal potential. Behavioral, physiological and subjective measures were collected. Results showed that the presence of both the low- and high-arousing music increased physiological activation and enhanced the pleasure experienced during task execution. Behavioral findings revealed beneficial effects of background music on executive control-related attentional abilities and word production fluidity across time. Finally, participants experienced more cognitive effort during the attentional task with the high-arousing excerpt, while no differences were observed in the Verbal Fluency Task. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring background music sonic energy to the demands of the task in order to mobilize resources and enhance enjoyment without disrupting cognitive performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12627320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking climate change through the lens of abstractness: a multi-task and multi-setting investigation into generational differences in the conceptualization of ecology.","authors":"Ilenia Falcinelli, Chiara Fini, Claudia Mazzuca, Guido Alessandri, Fabio Alivernini, Roberto Baiocco, Andrea Chirico, Lorenzo Filosa, Tommaso Palombi, Jessica Pistella, Simone Tavolucci, Fabio Lucidi, Anna M Borghi","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00689-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00689-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To face ecological disasters, one of the major emergencies of modern times, fostering pro-environmental behaviors appears crucial. While research explored various behavioral drivers, few studies addressed the conceptual representation of ecological events at different ages. Our preregistered study fills this gap, examining how different generations conceptualize ecology, considering evidence suggesting a link between climate change abstractness and willingness to act pro-environmentally. Older (> 65 yo) and younger (18-35 yo) individuals performed multiple tasks targeting conceptual processing (categorization), semantic organization (rating), and conceptual representation (feature generation) of ecological (e.g., deforestation) compared to concrete (e.g., spoon) and abstract (e.g., affirmation) concepts. In the categorization task, participants responded to critical ecological, concrete, and abstract words but refrained from responding to animal words. The rating task involved evaluating critical words on semantic aspects (e.g., Abstractness, Familiarity), and the feature generation task listing properties true for each concept. Innovatively, participants were tested in three possible settings (indoor, natural outdoor, urbanized outdoor) to test whether exposure to nature impacts categorization.Results showed that independent from the setting, ecological concepts were similar to abstract concepts, especially in semantic organization and conceptual representation, or more abstractly characterized than them, especially in conceptual processing. Age differences were minimal, but older adults, who showed more positive attitudes toward ecology and nature, characterized ecological concepts more concretely than younger adults.Theoretically, the multifarious characterization of ecological phenomena supports the flexibility of our conceptual system and points to the necessity of overcoming the classical concrete-abstract dichotomy and studying concepts in a more \"situated\" manner. From a societal point of view, the age-dependent abstractness of ecological concepts might inform policies on how to improve climate change campaigns, tailoring them to different age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12620345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of inhibitory function in associative memory among older adults and its plasticity.","authors":"Jia-Jie Xu, Jun-Yi Chen, Hong-Zhou Xu, Zhiwei Zheng, Jing Yu","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00688-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00688-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Associative memory deteriorates with age. One possible reason for this associative memory deficit in older adults is a decline in inhibitory function. However, it remains unclear what role of inhibitory function plays in age-related associative memory deficits, and whether and how acute training of inhibitory function could ameliorate the detrimental effects of inhibitory deficits on associative memory in older adults. In Experiment 1, 80 participants (40 younger and 40 older adults) studied scene-word pairs while attempting to inhibit interfering words during encoding, with two conditions: gist and non-gist interferences. In Experiment 2, 66 older adults were randomly assigned to either acute inhibitory training or a control group, and eye-tracking technology was used to capture the benefits of acute inhibitory training. Results showed that older adults were more disturbed by gist than non-gist interferences because of hyper-binding, and that inhibitory function mediated the relationship between age and associative memory accuracy. Notably, although acute inhibitory training did not significantly improve associative memory accuracy in the training group compared to the control group, structural equation model showed that older adults in the acute training group showed shorter fixation durations and lower frequencies in the interference region of interest, leading to better associative memory. These results indicate that inhibitory function plays a mediating role in age-related associative memory decline, as well as its plasticity in this association. It provides a potential pathway to improve associative memory in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12620347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training SONAR spatial interpretation using virtual reality.","authors":"John Salamon, Mike Nicholls, Irina Baetu, David Nicoll, Oren Griffiths","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00686-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00686-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Submariners must interpret SONAR data and make rapid tactical decisions under challenging conditions. The broadband time-bearing plot is a common visualisation method which requires mental spatial transformations to generate an actionable representation. Participants (N = 81) were trained on a VR scenario that required them to spatially localize an enemy vessel indicated on a time-bearing plot. In the supported condition, participants were given access to a novel egocentric, conformal display, which wrapped the time-bearing plot around the user's field of view. The unsupported group received no assistance. Compared to a baseline unsupported condition, we found that the VR overlay markedly improved both speed and accuracy. Test performance revealed over-reliance in the supported group, but this phenomenon varied notably between participants. Those who jointly used the initial time-bearing plot and the conformal aid during training showed good performance with the aid, and no cost of prior exposure at test. Comprehension of SONAR data can be aided by novel display formats, but care must be taken to avoid over-reliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12586769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological, physical, and cognitive factors that influence tactical performance during a military relevant virtual reality scenario.","authors":"Jennifer N Forse, Meaghan E Beckner, Grace E Giles, Tad T Brunyé, Marianna D Eddy, Julie A Cantelon, Mathias Basner, Christopher Connaboy, Bradley C Nindl","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00687-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00687-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soldiers are challenged with interpreting information in unpredictable contexts, while maintaining high levels of job-specific performance. Virtual reality (VR) provides a controlled, immersive environment to evaluate military-relevant tasks under stress. This study determined psychological, physical, and cognitive associations with military-relevant VR task performance. Twenty-five male active-duty soldiers completed baseline psychological and cognitive assessments and then returned twice to complete VR-based Recognition Memory (RMT), Spatial Orienting (SOT), and Decision-Making (DMT) tasks under conditions of stress (active threat of torso electric shock) or no stress (torso vibration only). Baseline measures were categorized into 13 domains and standardized via z-scores. Generalized estimating equations were run with experimental condition (shock vs. vibrate) as the within-subject variable. Variables associated with correct object identification during the RMT include coping skills (e.g., acceptance), physical fitness (e.g., 2-mile run time), social intelligence, and personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness). Other coping skills (e.g., denial) decreased the odds of correct identification. Variables associated with accurate orienting on the SOT include coping skills (e.g., restraint), neurocognitive function (e.g., working memory), and prior video game experience. Additional measures of neurocognitive function (e.g., spatial orientation) reduced the odds of correct orientation. Variables associated with distinguishing targets during the DMT include coping skills (e.g., acceptance) and neurocognitive function (e.g., spatial orientation). Other coping skills (e.g., disengagement coping styles) reduced these odds. Coping skills, specifically higher acceptance, are associated with performance on military-relevant VR tasks and should be examined further to better understand how military performance could benefit from interventions targeting modifiable characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12586264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145439370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic data visualizations as events: effects of framing and change salience on segmenting dynamic maps.","authors":"Reena Pauly, Stephan Schwan","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00678-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00678-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Event segmentation theory, which explores how individuals divide continuous experiences into discrete events, has been extensively studied in naturalistic stimuli. We investigate whether key findings generalize to animated data visualizations, specifically dynamic thematic maps. Experiment 1 showed that inter-individual segmentation agreement in dynamic maps occurs above chance levels and is influenced by the direction of the depicted trend. Experiments 2 and 3 build on these findings by systematically varying the depicted trend in maps showing population changes of fictional insect species. In addition, we examined how conceptual (framing of the species as endangered or invasive) and perceptual factors (salience of directional change) interact to shape segmentation agreement. In Experiment 2, salience was manipulated using different color scales: Saturation-based scales as the high-salience condition and hue-based scales as the low-salience condition. We found a significant three-way interaction between trend, framing, and salience: Agreement was higher when the framing matched the trend direction, but only in the high-salience condition. In Experiment 3, salience was more subtly manipulated by showing the trend either spatially clustered (high salience) or spatially distributed (low salience) across the maps. The results partly replicate the findings of Experiment 2, showing a significant interaction between trend, framing, and spatial pattern on segmentation agreement, with higher agreement for negative trends when population decline was salient and framed as endangered. These findings suggest that symbolic visualizations are subject to event segmentation processes, provided both bottom-up perceptual features and top-down conceptual expectations support the formation and updating of internal event models.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12575901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preserved use of prior information under time constraints: an EEG study of action anticipation in expert athletes.","authors":"Yingzhi Lu, Yujing Huang, Danlei Wang, Dongwei Li, Mengkai Luan","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00685-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00685-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Successful action anticipation in dynamic social environments, such as sports, requires the integration of prior expectations with observed kinematic cues. However, little is known about how temporal constraints modulate this integration process. In this EEG study, thirty-five expert basketball players completed a sport-specific prediction task in which both time constraints and prior cue availability were manipulated. Time constraints significantly impaired prediction accuracy, yet the behavioral benefit of congruent prior cues remained stable, indicating preserved strategic reliance on prior information. Multivariate pattern classification revealed that neural signals preceding action onset reliably distinguished trials with and without prior information in both time conditions, suggesting intact neural encoding of contextual priors regardless of temporal constraints. Time-frequency analyses further demonstrated increased parietal alpha synchronization during the preparatory phase and enhanced central mu suppression during kinematic processing under time constraints. These results indicate a shift toward more top-down, expectation-driven strategies when time is limited. Specifically, enhanced alpha activities may reflect compensatory top-down engagement to maintain predictive readiness, while mu suppression may support motor simulation when processing time is limited. Together, these findings underscore the brain's flexibility in adapting anticipatory mechanisms to meet the demands of fast-paced and uncertain environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12554856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145373145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recording and communicating uncertainty in science: how geologists manage variability in spatial data.","authors":"Cristina G Wilson, Madelyn Sadler, Jacob Lader, Courtney Sheckler, Thomas F Shipley","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00682-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00682-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All scientists must cope with variability in data to make inferences about the world. However, in observation-based geology, how scientists cope with variability is particularly consequential because it determines what become data in the first place, with observations that are deemed \"too variable\" potentially being ignored or minimized. Here, across three experiments with 97 geologists, we assess (i) how variability impacts their willingness to turn an observation into data by recording it and their willingness to share data by publishing it, and (ii) whether scientists can make inferences from variable observations and how the accuracy of their inferences is impacted by level of variability. Geologists were presented with arrays of disciplinary data representing the orientation of planar features within a rock formation, where orientation variability was systematically manipulated. Results showed substantial individual differences in criterion tolerance of variability: high-criterion individuals perceived low-to-moderate degrees of variability as more noise than signal and were never willing to publish high variability data (and often not willing to record it), while those with low criterion perceived low-to-moderate degrees of variability as more signal than noise and were always willing to record high variability data (and often publish it). Regardless of tolerance for variability, geologists overall were good at making accurate orientation estimates from variable data, even at the highest levels of variability employed in the study. Together, these results imply there may be situations where scientists avoid recording or publishing variable data, despite being able to draw meaningful conclusions from such data.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12552206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellphone separation modulates the effects of working memory load on ex-Gaussian parameters of choice reaction time.","authors":"Michael Gazzanigo, Alexa Quesnel, Catalina Roldan, Xiao Yang","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00684-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00684-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive effects of cellphone dependency among young adults have garnered increasing research attention. While cellphones have been identified as a distractor in daily tasks, related psychological processes remain unclear. As a potential mechanism underlying those effects of cellphones, excessive working memory (WM) load has not yet been well examined. Our study investigated the effects of the mental representation of cellphone separation on WM. Seventy-five participants (M_age = 21.3 years; 55 females, 20 males) were assigned into three groups: the cued separation, natural separation, or control group, and completed a block of choice reaction time (CRT) task, and a dual-task block: the CRT and a concurrent WM task. CRT performance was analyzed using the ex-Gaussian model, providing the parameters μ and τ to reflect lower-order processing and top-down control, respectively. Results showed that WM load reduced cognitive performance, with the cued separation group exhibiting the largest performance impairments, and ex-Gaussian μ and τ were sensitive to WM load and cellphone separation. Our findings suggest that the mental representation of cellphone separation, especially when cued, depletes cognitive resources, and impairs executive functions, which highlight the need for strategies to mitigate the cognitive costs of cellphone dependency, particularly in high-stakes applied contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12546761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}