Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications最新文献

Fixation durations on familiar items are longer due to attenuation of exploration. 由于探索的减弱，对熟悉项目的固定持续时间更长。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00602-5

Tal Nahari, Eran Eldar, Yoni Pertzov

{"title":"Fixation durations on familiar items are longer due to attenuation of exploration.","authors":"Tal Nahari, Eran Eldar, Yoni Pertzov","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00602-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00602-5","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown that fixations on familiar stimuli tend to be longer than on unfamiliar stimuli, theorized to be a result of retrieval of information from memory. We hypothesize that extended fixations are due to a lesser need to explore an already familiar stimulus. Participant's gaze was tracked as they tried to encode or retrieve a familiar face displayed either alone or alongside other unfamiliar faces. Regardless of the memory task (encodingretrieval), longer fixation durations were observed when a single familiar face was presented alone, and not when presented among unfamiliar ones. Thus, fixations were not prolonged when it was possible to explore other, unfamiliar stimuli. We conclude that prolonged fixations on familiar stimuli reflect a lesser need to explore an already familiar percept. The results underscore how memory representations influence active sensing, yielding fresh insights into efficient deployment of attention resources. We conclude that fixation durations could be used in applied memory detection tests, preferably together with other measures and when the familiar stimulus is presented alone.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11564497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different facets of age perception in people with developmental prosopagnosia and "super-recognisers". 发育性前睑闭锁症患者和 "超级识别者 "的不同年龄感知。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00603-4

Janice Attard-Johnson, Olivia Dark, Ebony Murray, Sarah Bate

{"title":"Different facets of age perception in people with developmental prosopagnosia and \"super-recognisers\".","authors":"Janice Attard-Johnson, Olivia Dark, Ebony Murray, Sarah Bate","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00603-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00603-4","url":null,"abstract":"The interplay between facial age and facial identity is evident from several scenarios experienced in daily life, such as when recognising a face several decades after the last exposure. However, the link between age and identity processing, and how age perception abilities might diverge in individuals with different face processing abilities, has scarcely been considered. Furthermore, the approach used to test age perception ability may also influence outcome, but the effect of different paradigms on performance is not yet known. Across three studies, we compare super-recognisers (SRs), people with developmental prosopagnosia (DPs), and a group of neurotypical controls, on three age perception paradigms. There were no differences on the numeric age estimation task (i.e. providing precise age estimates for a series of faces; Study 1), and numeric age estimation task with added noise-distortion to stimuli (Study 2). However, SRs were more accurate when instructed to classify ambient faces as either over- or under- the age of 18 compared to both DPs and controls (Study 3). Thus, there may be nuanced differences in age processing which can be tapped into using separate paradigms; however, given that the difference is only with SRs it remains unclear to what extent these are linked to facial identity processing.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11557776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using objective measures to examine the effect of suspect-filler similarity on eyewitness identification performance. 使用客观测量来检验可疑填充物相似性对目击者识别性能的影响。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00522-w

Geoffrey L McKinley, Daniel J Peterson

{"title":"Using objective measures to examine the effect of suspect-filler similarity on eyewitness identification performance.","authors":"Geoffrey L McKinley, Daniel J Peterson","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00522-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00522-w","url":null,"abstract":"When selecting fillers to include in a police lineup, one must consider the level of similarity between the suspect and potential fillers. In order to reduce misidentifications, an innocent suspect should not stand out. Therefore, it is important that the fillers share some degree of similarity. Importantly, increasing suspect-filler similarity too much will render the task too difficult reducing correct identifications of a guilty suspect. Determining how much similarity yields optimal identification performance is the focus of the proposed study. Extant research on lineup construction has provided somewhat mixed results. In part, this is likely due to the subjective nature of similarity, which forces researchers to define similarity in relative terms. In the current study, we manipulate suspect-filler similarity via a multidimensional scaling model constructed using objective facial measurements. In doing so, we test the \"propitious heterogeneity\" and the diagnostic-feature-detection hypotheses which predict an advantage of lineups with low-similarity fillers in terms of discriminability. We found that filler similarity did not affect discriminability. We discuss limitations and future directions.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing emotions in the eyes: a validated test to study individual differences in the perception of basic emotions. 从眼睛里看到情绪：一项经过验证的测试，旨在研究个人对基本情绪感知的差异。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00521-x

Maria Franca, Nadia Bolognini, Marc Brysbaert

引用次数: 0

Standard experimental paradigm designs and data exclusion practices in cognitive psychology can inadvertently introduce systematic "shadow" biases in participant samples. 认知心理学中的标准实验范式设计和数据排除实践可能会在参与者样本中无意中引入系统的“影子”偏见。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00520-y

Emma M Siritzky, Patrick H Cox, Sydni M Nadler, Justin N Grady, Dwight J Kravitz, Stephen R Mitroff

{"title":"Standard experimental paradigm designs and data exclusion practices in cognitive psychology can inadvertently introduce systematic \"shadow\" biases in participant samples.","authors":"Emma M Siritzky, Patrick H Cox, Sydni M Nadler, Justin N Grady, Dwight J Kravitz, Stephen R Mitroff","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00520-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00520-y","url":null,"abstract":"Standard cognitive psychology research practices can introduce inadvertent sampling biases that reduce the reliability and generalizability of the findings. Researchers commonly acknowledge and understand that any given study sample is not perfectly generalizable, especially when implementing typical experimental constraints (e.g., limiting recruitment to specific age ranges or to individuals with normal color vision). However, less obvious systematic sampling constraints, referred to here as \"shadow\" biases, can be unintentionally introduced and can easily go unnoticed. For example, many standard cognitive psychology study designs involve lengthy and tedious experiments with simple, repetitive stimuli. Such testing environments may 1) be aversive to some would-be participants (e.g., those high in certain neurodivergent symptoms) who may self-select not to enroll in such studies, or 2) contribute to participant attrition, both of which reduce the sample's representativeness. Likewise, standard performance-based data exclusion efforts (e.g., minimum accuracy or response time) or attention checks can systematically remove data from participants from subsets of the population (e.g., those low in conscientiousness). This commentary focuses on the theoretical and practical issues behind these non-obvious and often unacknowledged \"shadow\" biases, offers a simple illustration with real data as a proof of concept of how applying attention checks can systematically skew latent/hidden variables in the included population, and then discusses the broader implications with suggestions for how to manage and reduce, or at a minimum acknowledge, the problem.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10590344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining post-error performance in a complex multitasking environment. 在复杂的多任务环境中检查错误后的性能。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00512-y

Christina M Lewis, Robert S Gutzwiller

{"title":"Examining post-error performance in a complex multitasking environment.","authors":"Christina M Lewis, Robert S Gutzwiller","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00512-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00512-y","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work on indices of error-monitoring strongly supports that errors are distracting and can deplete attentional resources. In this study, we use an ecologically valid multitasking paradigm to test post-error behavior. It was predicted that after failing an initial task, a subject re-presented with that task in conflict with another competing simultaneous task, would more likely miss their response opportunity for the competing task and stay 'tunneled' on the initially errored task. Additionally, we predicted that an error's effect on attention would dissipate after several seconds, making error cascades less likely when subsequent conflict tasks are delayed. A multi-attribute task battery was used to present tasks and collect measures of both post-error and post-correct performance. Results supported both predictions: post-error accuracy on the competing task was lower compared to post-correct accuracy, and error-proportions were higher at shorter delays, dissipating over time. An exploratory analysis also demonstrated that following errors (as opposed to post-correct trials), participants clicked more on the task panel of the initial error regardless of delay; this continued task-engagement provides preliminary support for errors leading to a cognitive tunneling effect.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10589164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emphasizing responder speed or accuracy modulates but does not abolish the distractor-induced quitting effect in visual search. 强调反应者的速度或准确性可以调节但不能消除视觉搜索中干扰物诱导的退出效应。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00516-8

Rebecca K Lawrence, B A Cochrane, A Eidels, Z Howard, L Lui, J Pratt

{"title":"Emphasizing responder speed or accuracy modulates but does not abolish the distractor-induced quitting effect in visual search.","authors":"Rebecca K Lawrence, B A Cochrane, A Eidels, Z Howard, L Lui, J Pratt","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00516-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00516-8","url":null,"abstract":"When a highly salient distractor is present in a search array, it speeds target absent visual search and increases errors during target present visual search, suggesting lowered quitting thresholds (Moher in Psychol Sci 31(1):31-42, 2020). Missing a critical target in the presence of a highly salient distractor can have dire consequences in real-world search tasks where accurate target detection is crucial, such as baggage screening. As such, the current study examined whether emphasizing either accuracy or speed would eliminate the distractor-generated quitting threshold effect (QTE). Three blocks of a target detection search task which included a highly salient distractor on half of all trials were used. In one block, participants received no instructions or feedback regarding performance. In the remaining two blocks, they received instructions and trial-by-trial feedback that either emphasized response speed or response accuracy. Overall, the distractor lowered quitting thresholds, regardless of whether response speed or response accuracy was emphasized in a block of trials. However, the effect of the distractor on target misses was smaller when accuracy was emphasized. It, therefore, appears that while the distractor QTE is not easily eradicated by explicit instructions and feedback, it can be shifted. As such, future research should examine the applicability of these and similar strategies in real-world search scenarios.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10564694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41215877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: V. Using a motivational framework to understand the benefits and costs of testing. 保持医生医疗专业知识的认知视角：V.使用动机框架来理解测试的好处和成本。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00518-6

Timothy J Nokes-Malach, Scott H Fraundorf, Zachary A Caddick, Benjamin M Rottman

引用次数: 0

Scaling up = scaling down? Children's spatial scaling in different perceptual modalities and scaling directions. 按比例放大 = 缩小规模？儿童在不同感知模式和缩放方向上的空间缩放。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00517-7

Wenke Möhring, Magdalena Szubielska

{"title":"Scaling up = scaling down? Children's spatial scaling in different perceptual modalities and scaling directions.","authors":"Wenke Möhring, Magdalena Szubielska","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00517-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00517-7","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined whether scaling direction and perceptual modality affect children's spatial scaling. Children aged 6-8 years (N = 201) were assigned to a visual, visuo-haptic, and haptic condition in which they were presented with colourful, embossed graphics. In the haptic condition, they were asked to wear a blindfold during the test trials. Across several trials, children were asked to learn about the position of a target in a map and to localize a disc at the same location in a referent space. Scaling factor was manipulated systematically, so that children had to either scale up or scale down spatial information. Their absolute deviations from the correct target location, reversal and signed errors, and response times served as dependent variables. Results revealed higher absolute deviations and response times for the haptic modality as opposed to the visual modality. Children's signed errors, however, showed similar response strategies across the perceptual conditions. Therefore, it seems that a functional equivalence between vision and touch seems to emerge slowly across development for spatial scaling. With respect to scaling directions, findings showed that absolute deviations were affected by scaling factors, with symmetric increases in scaling up and scaling down in the haptic condition. Conversely, children showed an unbalanced pattern in the visual conditions, with higher accuracy in scaling down as opposed to scaling up. Overall, our findings suggest that visibility seems to factor into children's scaling process.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10550888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41152158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: The influence of in-groups and out-groups on the theory-of-mind processing: evidence from different ethnic college students. 更正：群体内和群体外对心理加工理论的影响：来自不同种族大学生的证据。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00515-9

Tingyu Zhu, Lijin Zhang, Ping Wang, Meiqiu Xiang, Xiujuan Wu

引用次数: 0