Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications最新文献

Reduced relational and item-specific processing in cognitive offloading. 认知卸载中关系和特定项目加工的减少。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00647-0

Hagit Magen, Michal Tomer-Offen

{"title":"Reduced relational and item-specific processing in cognitive offloading.","authors":"Hagit Magen, Michal Tomer-Offen","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00647-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00647-0","url":null,"abstract":"In many circumstances in everyday life, individuals offload information to external stores (e.g., shopping lists) to compensate for limitations in internal memory. When saving information externally, individuals tend to refrain from actively encoding an additional internal copy of the information, leading to a weakening of its internal trace. This study examined whether the loss of the internal trace due to offloading is limited to item-specific information (e.g., apples, milk) or extends to relational information as well (e.g., fruit, dairy products). In the first two blocks of each of two experiments, participants learned lists of 20 unrelated words, which they could save externally for use during a subsequent memory test. In the third block, participants learned a categorized list consisting of 6 exemplars from 8 semantic categories. While participants could save the list externally, they were prevented access to the list at test. Half of the participants were informed that the list would be unavailable at test, thus relying on internal memory, whereas the remaining participants trusted the list availability. Reliance on the external store led to a reduction in the internal trace of the offloaded information. Notably, saving the information externally resulted in decreased internal memory for both item-specific and relational information. This study indicates that internal memory for relational information does not effectively support the retrieval of information from external stores, and suggests that optimal organization of external stores should highlight relational information.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12260133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are fluent letter dyads really fluent? An update on objective and subjective motor fluency in an Italian student population. 流利的字母对真的流利吗？意大利学生群体客观和主观运动流畅性的最新情况。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00651-4

Mara Stockner, Giuliana Mazzoni, Francesco Ianì

{"title":"Are fluent letter dyads really fluent? An update on objective and subjective motor fluency in an Italian student population.","authors":"Mara Stockner, Giuliana Mazzoni, Francesco Ianì","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00651-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00651-4","url":null,"abstract":"\"Motor fluency\" refers to the ease with which an action can be performed and several studies have shown how it can modulate various cognitive processes, such as memory and decision making. To investigate these implications of motor fluency, typing-based paradigms have been proven to be useful. In this literature, based on pioneering works that analysed inter-keystroke intervals (IKIs, the time that elapses between two keystrokes), several studies have assumed that letter dyads typed with different hands are more fluent than dyads typed with the same hand. However, to date, there is no literature analysing subjectively perceived typing fluency, i.e. the feeling of fluency experienced by typists. Moreover, this classical conceptualization has not been updated in the last decade. This raises the question of whether this distinction is also reflected in the subjective feeling of fluency, and whether it is still valid in today's generation of everyday typists. Thus, we investigated the validity of dyad fluency classification by measuring both objective and subjective typing fluency in two samples of university students. The objective measure included both the response times required to type the entire dyads (Experiment 1) as well as reaction times from stimulus presentation to first keypress alongside IKIs (Experiment 2). Overall, we found consistent results that both objective and subjective measures follow the opposite trend compared to classical assumptions: same-hand dyads are (perceived) more fluent than different-hands dyads. Our results have important methodological implications for future research on typing-related motor fluency.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of background clutter on visual search in video conferencing. 视频会议中背景杂波对视觉搜索的影响。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00643-4

Yelda Semizer, Ruth Rosenholtz

{"title":"The effect of background clutter on visual search in video conferencing.","authors":"Yelda Semizer, Ruth Rosenholtz","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00643-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00643-4","url":null,"abstract":"The use of video conferencing tools has become increasingly common recently. The visual displays in these tools are highly complex, being composed of multiple faces with varying image quality and lighting conditions. On top of this, users have the ability to choose their own backgrounds. Some choose simple artificial backgrounds, some appear in front of a real or simulated room, and some use something more abstract. How do these choices affect the user's ability to use the tool, for example, finding the current speaker or a reaction symbol? Vision science can certainly provide answers to these questions; however, most search studies use simple displays with a uniform background, or more recently, real-world scenes. How does what we know about search generalize to these more complex displays? The current study sought to examine how our understanding of visual search applies to well-controlled video conferencing displays. Specifically, we investigated the effect of display clutter (i.e., background complexity and variability) on perceptual tasks relevant for video conferencing. In an eye-tracking set-up, participants searched either for the speaker whose image was highlighted (Experiment 1) or for a reaction symbol (raised-hand) embedded on one of the attendees' background. Results showed a significant effect of background complexity and variability, suggesting that search performance declined as the display clutter increased. Image-based analysis showed that the choice of backgrounds mediated these effects, suggesting that some virtual backgrounds were not optimal for perceptual processes.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Misinformation reminders enhance belief updating and memory for corrections: the role of attention during encoding revealed by eye tracking. 错误信息提醒增强信念更新和更正记忆：眼动追踪揭示的注意在编码过程中的作用。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00649-y

Bayley M Wellons, Christopher N Wahlheim

{"title":"Misinformation reminders enhance belief updating and memory for corrections: the role of attention during encoding revealed by eye tracking.","authors":"Bayley M Wellons, Christopher N Wahlheim","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00649-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00649-y","url":null,"abstract":"Misinformation exposure can cause inaccurate beliefs and memories. These unwanted outcomes can be mitigated when misinformation reminders-veracity-labeled statements that repeat earlier-read false information-appear before corrections with true information. The present experiment used eye tracking to examine the role of attention while encoding corrective details in the beneficial effects of reminder-based corrections. Participants read headlines in a belief-updating task that included a within-subjects manipulation of correction format. They first rated the familiarity and veracity of true and false headlines (Phase 1). Then, they read true headlines that corrected false headlines or affirmed true headlines (Phase 2). The true headlines appeared (1) without veracity labels, (2) with veracity labels, or (3) with misinformation reminders and veracity labels. Finally, participants re-rated the veracity of the Phase 1 headlines and rated their memory for whether those headlines were corrected in Phase 2 (Phase 3). Reminder-based corrections led to the greatest reduction in false beliefs, best high confidence recognition of corrections, and earliest eye fixations to the true details of corrections during encoding in Phase 2. Corrections remembered with the highest confidence rating were associated with more and earlier fixations to true details in correction statements in Phase 2. Collectively, these results suggest that misinformation reminders directed attention to corrective details, which improved encoding and subsequent memory for veracity information. These results have applied implications in suggesting that optimal correction formats should include features that direct attention to, and thus support encoding of, the contrast between false and true information.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specific media literacy tips improve AI-generated visual misinformation discernment. 具体的媒体素养技巧可以提高人工智能生成的视觉错误信息识别能力。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00648-z

Sean Guo, Briony Swire-Thompson, Xiaoqing Hu

{"title":"Specific media literacy tips improve AI-generated visual misinformation discernment.","authors":"Sean Guo, Briony Swire-Thompson, Xiaoqing Hu","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00648-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00648-z","url":null,"abstract":"Images generated using artificial intelligence (AI) have become increasingly realistic, sparking discussions and fears about an impending \"infodemic\" where we can no longer trust what we see on the internet. In this preregistered study, we examine whether providing specific media literacy tips about how to spot AI-generated images can reduce susceptibility to AI-generated visual misinformation (AIVM). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions, reading specific media literacy tips, general media literacy tips, or no media literacy tips (control). The general tips provided tips on how to spot misinformation, while the specific tips provided more detailed tips for how to detect AIVM. Results showed that specific tips increased headline discernment between true and false information more than general tips. Both media literacy interventions reduced belief in AIVM compared to control, but specific tips reduced belief in AIVM more than general tips. Finally, both specific and general tips also reduced belief in real headlines compared to control, with no difference between them. In an information environment that sees increasing prevalence of AIVM, it may be worth being specific about how to detect misinformation online rather than only providing general information.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eye movements as predictors of student experiences during nursing simulation learning events. 眼动作为护理模拟学习事件中学生体验的预测因子。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00640-7

Madison Lee Mason, Caleb Vatral, Clayton Cohn, Eduardo Davalos, Mary Ann Jessee, Gautam Biswas, Daniel T Levin

{"title":"Eye movements as predictors of student experiences during nursing simulation learning events.","authors":"Madison Lee Mason, Caleb Vatral, Clayton Cohn, Eduardo Davalos, Mary Ann Jessee, Gautam Biswas, Daniel T Levin","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00640-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00640-7","url":null,"abstract":"Although the \"eye-mind link\" hypothesis posits that eye movements provide a direct window into cognitive processing, linking eye movements to specific cognitions in real-world settings remains challenging. This challenge may arise because gaze metrics such as fixation duration, pupil size, and saccade amplitude are often aggregated across timelines that include heterogeneous events. To address this, we tested whether aggregating gaze parameters across participant-defined events could support the hypothesis that increased focal processing, indicated by greater gaze duration and pupil diameter, and decreased scene exploration, indicated by smaller saccade amplitude, would predict effective task performance. Using head-mounted eye trackers, nursing students engaged in simulation learning and later segmented their simulation footage into meaningful events, categorizing their behaviors, task outcomes, and cognitive states at the event level. Increased fixation duration and pupil diameter predicted higher student-rated teamwork quality, while increased pupil diameter predicted judgments of effective communication. Additionally, increased saccade amplitude positively predicted students' perceived self-efficacy. These relationships did not vary across event types, and gaze parameters did not differ significantly between the beginning, middle, and end of events. However, there was a significant increase in fixation duration during the first five seconds of an event compared to the last five seconds of the previous event, suggesting an initial encoding phase at an event boundary. In conclusion, event-level gaze parameters serve as valid indicators of focal processing and scene exploration in natural learning environments, generalizing across event types.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time and video speed perception: a comprehensive investigation of the relation between estimated video speed, clip duration and original duration. 时间与视频速度感知：综合考察视频估计速度、剪辑时长和原始时长之间的关系。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00637-2

Verena Steinhof, Anna Schroeger, Roman Liepelt, Laura Sperl

{"title":"Time and video speed perception: a comprehensive investigation of the relation between estimated video speed, clip duration and original duration.","authors":"Verena Steinhof, Anna Schroeger, Roman Liepelt, Laura Sperl","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00637-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00637-2","url":null,"abstract":"While decades of research have deepened our understanding of time perception, the perception of (manipulated) video speed has been relatively underexplored but is gaining interest with recent technological advances. This study systematically investigated human perception of video speed, clip duration and original duration across slow motion, original speed and time lapse. Results showed that participants consistently underestimated video speed in time lapse and overestimated it in slow motion, suggesting a tendency toward an internal perceptual standard. A similar pattern emerged for clip duration with videos being generally overestimated in their duration when played in accelerated speed, and underestimated in slow motion. For original duration estimations, this pattern was reversed. Surprisingly, while estimations of clip and original duration were highly correlated in all video speed conditions, both measures were uncorrelated with estimated video speed. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that the distorted perception of original duration may, at least in parts, still be rooted in participants relying on their own (but biased) interpretations of clip duration and video speed. Most importantly, these results reveal distortions in perception caused by altered video speeds, suggesting caution when employing these video techniques for judgments and decision-making. The findings provide foundation for further research, investigating the cognitive mechanisms of human video speed perception.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aligning visual imagery to the operator improves geospatial situation awareness in a single-display 360-degree periscope concept. 在单显示器360度潜望镜概念中，将视觉图像对准操作员可提高地理空间态势感知能力。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00646-1

Jason Bell, Zachary Howard, Stephen Pond, Troy Visser, Madison Fitzgerald, Megan Schmitt, Shayne Loft, Steph Michailovs

{"title":"Aligning visual imagery to the operator improves geospatial situation awareness in a single-display 360-degree periscope concept.","authors":"Jason Bell, Zachary Howard, Stephen Pond, Troy Visser, Madison Fitzgerald, Megan Schmitt, Shayne Loft, Steph Michailovs","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00646-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00646-1","url":null,"abstract":"Technological advances mean that it is now possible to represent the entire 360° view of the horizon to a submarine periscope operator simultaneously, in strips on a single display, as opposed to the restricted view offered through a conventional periscope aperture. Initial research showing performance improvements for such panoramic displays is promising. However, that research has yet to consider the importance of alignment between the visual representation of the environment on the periscope display and the operator themselves (i.e. the visual field compatibility principle). Using a simulated periscope operator task, the current study assessed whether the degree of display-operator alignment influences periscope operator geospatial situation awareness (SA). Four increasingly misaligned display configurations and three different operator orientations (relative to simulated Ownship travel) were assessed. Trained novices (N = 83) were tasked with judging the position of contacts on their display by pointing a joystick at their \"real-world\" location to measure geospatial SA. Results revealed a strong influence of display-operator alignment on geospatial SA: an aligned display representing contacts in front of an operator at the top of the display and contacts behind an operator at the bottom of the display, produced better geospatial SA (faster, more accurate responses) than other, less aligned display configurations. Diffusion modelling indicated that greater display alignment improved geospatial SA by both increasing information-processing speed and decreasing the amount of evidence required to make decisions. We conclude that geospatial SA can be facilitated by panoramic designs that maximise the alignment of the display to the external world.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments. 为什么轴反转？在3D环境中优化用户、界面和视觉显示之间的交互。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00626-5

Jennifer E Corbett, Jaap Munneke

{"title":"Why axis inversion? Optimizing interactions between users, interfaces, and visual displays in 3D environments.","authors":"Jennifer E Corbett, Jaap Munneke","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00626-5","url":null,"abstract":"From video games to laparoscopic surgeries, differences in users' abilities to adapt to new control schemes can have significant, even deadly impacts on performance. Starting with the question of why some video game players invert the y-axis on their console controllers, this work aims to provide a foundation for future investigations of how control schemes can significantly impact performance. We argue that fragmented research across disciplines hinders a unified understanding of how the spatial relationships between users, interfaces, and visual displays affect performance. Therefore, we begin with a multidisciplinary literature synthesis, clarifying existing findings, and identifying methodological inconsistencies that contribute to conflicting results. We then explore the relationship between key behavioral and cognitive factors and y-axis inversion preference in a group of experienced 3rd person gamers. Based on these preliminary results, we propose a \"general purpose\" framework to systematically investigate how control inversion and visual input influence perception and performance across various movement goals. We demonstrate how this framework can be used to evaluate performance in the context of a common and challenging laparoscopic procedure, and how it can be generalized to assess and predict sensorimotor compatibility effects across a wide variety of real-world situations.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does text generation improve learning from expository text? A conceptual replication attempt. 文本生成能促进说明文的学习吗？概念性的复制尝试。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-025-00645-2

Julia Schindler, Tobias Richter

{"title":"Does text generation improve learning from expository text? A conceptual replication attempt.","authors":"Julia Schindler, Tobias Richter","doi":"10.1186/s41235-025-00645-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-025-00645-2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to test the replicability of the text generation effect for learning with expository texts while systematically varying contextual factors that-based on extant literature-can be assumed to affect the occurrence and magnitude of the text generation effect. Seven experiments were conducted in which participants either read (control condition) or unscrambled sentences (generation condition) in expository texts. The experiments varied systematically on intentionality of learning, learning time constraint, retention interval, and study design. Contrary to expectations, no text generation effect could be found. Instead, some of the experiments even revealed a learning disadvantage for text generation compared to the reading control condition. In only one experiment (Experiment 6) and for just one of the learning measures, learners performed better when they had generated the texts. In sum, the results indicate that a generation effect is most likely to occur when learning is intentional, when learning time is unrestricted, and for immediate testing. The findings suggest that the applications of text generation in educational contexts are rather limited.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"10 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0